scholarly journals Recent Progress in Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites in Tissue Engineering and Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6440
Author(s):  
Gangadhar Lekshmi ◽  
Siva Sankar Sana ◽  
Van-Huy Nguyen ◽  
Thi Hong Chuong Nguyen ◽  
Chinh Chien Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Potential Applications

Scaffolds are important to tissue regeneration and engineering because they can sustain the continuous release of various cell types and provide a location where new bone-forming cells can attach and propagate. Scaffolds produced from diverse processes have been studied and analyzed in recent decades. They are structurally efficient for improving cell affinity and synthetic and mechanical strength. Carbon nanotubes are spongy nanoparticles with high strength and thermal inertness, and they have been used as filler particles in the manufacturing industry to increase the performance of scaffold particles. The regeneration of tissue and organs requires a significant level of spatial and temporal control over physiological processes, as well as experiments in actual environments. This has led to an upsurge in the use of nanoparticle-based tissue scaffolds with numerous cell types for contrast imaging and managing scaffold characteristics. In this review, we emphasize the usage of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CNT–polymer composites in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and also summarize challenges and prospects for their potential applications in different areas.

Carbon Nanotubes

2015 ◽  
pp. 56-86
Author(s):  
Towseef Amin Rafeeqi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Cell Culture System ◽  
Cell Culture Systems ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Biological Milieu

Carbon-based nanotechnology has been rapidly developing, with a particular interest in the bio-application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a scaffold in tissue engineering. It is essential that the materials used in scaffold fabrication are compatible with cells, as well as with the biological milieu. Many synthetic polymers have been used for tissue engineering so far; however, many lack the necessary mechanical strength and may not be easily functionalized, in contrast to CNTs, which have shown very attractive features as a scaffold for cell culture system. In spite of many attractive features, the toxicity of CNTs is a prime concern. The potential applications of CNTs seem countless, although few have reached a marketable status so far and there is need of more studies on CNTs biocompatibility issues. This chapter aims to revisit the basics of CNTs with their bio-applications including their use as a scaffold in cell culture systems.

scholarly journals Thermal and electrical characterization of polymer/carbon nanotubes composites with polyvinyl butyral matrix

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
V. V. Trachevskiy ◽  
◽  
M. T. Kartel ◽  
Wang Bo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Polyvinyl Butyral ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The rapid development of modern technology requires new materials with predetermined properties. There is a need for materials with ultra-high strength, hardness, other characteristics and a common combination of these properties. The work was aimed at solving the problem of creating polymer composite materials that combine high physical and mechanical characteristics and thermal and electrical conductivity. Information was given on fillers, the use of which gives polymers thermal and electrical properties. Shown are the most commonly used in the composition of polymer composites fillers, advantages and disadvantages of each of the fillers. It was established that the use of carbon nanotubes allows obtaining polymer composites with the required performance characteristics. One of the problems when using nanoparticles as modifiers of reactive oligomers is their uniform distribution in the volume of the polymer matrix. Heterogeneity and uneven distribution of the dispersed phase can lead to dangerous defects in the material, so the technology of combining the nanofillers and the polymer matrix plays an important role. The possibility of obtaining polyvinyl butyral structured with carbon nanotubes in the process of its synthesis in the presence of carbon nanotubes was shown and the technological conditions of In situ synthesis are developed. Experimental samples of polyvinyl butyral structured with carbon nanotubes with high thermal and electrically conductive characteristics were obtained. Under optimal conditions of synthesis, in the obtained PVB samples structured with carbon nanotubes, the electrical conductivity of the composite increases by five orders of magnitude due to the high electrical conductivity of CNTs. For the obtained PVB, structured with carbon nanotubes, the fracture stress was significantly (by 62 %) increased, and the fracture deformation is reduced by approximately 38 %. The decrease in the deformation of the fracture during compression indicates an increase in the fragility of the polymer with the inclusion of CNTs. The prospects for the synthesis of polyvinyl butyral in the presence of carbon nanotubes to obtain a composite with a high level of achieved electrical and thermal conductivity were shown.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotubes as Active Components for Gas Sensors

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-De Zhang ◽  
Wen-Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Quantum Wires ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Field Emission Displays ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Energy Conversion Devices

The unique structure of carbon nanotubes endows them with fantastic physical and chemical characteristics. Carbon nanotubes have been widely studied due to their potential applications in many fields including conductive and high-strength composites, energy storage and energy conversion devices, sensors, field emission displays and radiation sources, hydrogen storage media, and nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, probes, and quantum wires. Some of these applications have been realized in products, while others show great potentials. The development of carbon nanotubes-based sensors has attracted intensive interest in the last several years because of their excellent sensing properties such as high selectivity and prompt response. Carbon nanotube-based gas sensors are summarized in this paper. Sensors based on single-walled, multiwalled, and well-aligned carbon nanotubes arrays are introduced. Modification of carbon nanotubes with functional groups, metals, oxides, polymers, or doping carbon nanotubes with other elements to enhance the response and selectivity of the sensors is also discussed.

Potential Applications of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene: Marking the Direction of Scientific Research

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goio Etxebarria ◽  
Mikel Gómez-Uranga ◽  
Jon Mikel Zabala Iturriagagoitia ◽  
Jon Barrutia
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Potential Applications

Uncovering the Diversification of Tissue Engineering on the Emergent Areas of Stem Cells, Nanotechnology and Biomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil K. Dubey ◽  
Amit Alexander ◽  
Munnangi Sivaram ◽  
Mukta Agrawal ◽  
Gautam Singhvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Treat All ◽  
The Impact

Damaged or disabled tissue is life-threatening due to the lack of proper treatment. Many conventional transplantation methods like autograft, iso-graft and allograft are in existence for ages, but they are not sufficient to treat all types of tissue or organ damages. Stem cells, with their unique capabilities like self-renewal and differentiate into various cell types, can be a potential strategy for tissue regeneration. However, the challenges like reproducibility, uncontrolled propagation and differentiation, isolation of specific kinds of cell and tumorigenic nature made these stem cells away from clinical application. Today, various types of stem cells like embryonic, fetal or gestational tissue, mesenchymal and induced-pluripotent stem cells are under investigation for their clinical application. Tissue engineering helps in configuring the stem cells to develop into a desired viable tissue, to use them clinically as a substitute for the conventional method. The use of stem cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) is being studied to replace the stem cells, which decreases the immunological complications associated with the direct administration of stem cells. Tissue engineering also investigates various biomaterials to use clinically, either to replace the bones or as a scaffold to support the growth of stemcells/ tissue. Depending upon the need, there are various biomaterials like bio-ceramics, natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers to support replacement or regeneration of tissue. Like the other fields of science, tissue engineering is also incorporating the nanotechnology to develop nano-scaffolds to provide and support the growth of stem cells with an environment mimicking the Extracellular matrix (ECM) of the desired tissue. Tissue engineering is also used in the modulation of the immune system by using patient-specific Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and by modifying the physical features of scaffolds that may provoke the immune system. This review describes the use of various stem cells, biomaterials and the impact of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine.

Promising hybrid fabrics based on carbon and aramid fibers as a reinforcing filler for polymer composites

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Zhelezina ◽  
V. G. Bova ◽  
S. I. Voinov ◽  
A. Ch. Kan
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Hybrid Composite Material ◽  
Hybrid Fabric ◽  
Reinforcing Filler ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

The paper considers possibilities of using a hybrid fabric made of high-modulus carbon yarn brand ZhGV and high-strength aramid yarns brand Rusar-NT for polymer composites reinforcement. The results of studies of the physical and mechanical characteristics of hybrid composite material and values of the implementation of the strength and elasticity carbon fibers and aramid module for composite material are presented. 

scholarly journals Utilization of Polymer Concrete Composites for a Circular Economy: A Comparative Review for Assessment of Recycling and Waste Utilization

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2135
Author(s):  
Hatem Alhazmi ◽  
Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Anwar ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
Muhammad Kaleem Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Comparative Review

Polymer composites have been identified as the most innovative and selective materials known in the 21st century. Presently, polymer concrete composites (PCC) made from industrial or agricultural waste are becoming more popular as the demand for high-strength concrete for various applications is increasing. Polymer concrete composites not only provide high strength properties but also provide specific characteristics, such as high durability, decreased drying shrinkage, reduced permeability, and chemical or heat resistance. This paper provides a detailed review of the utilization of polymer composites in the construction industry based on the circular economy model. This paper provides an updated and detailed report on the effects of polymer composites in concrete as supplementary cementitious materials and a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on their utilization and the production of polymer composites. A detailed review of a variety of polymers, their qualities, performance, and classification, and various polymer composite production methods is given to select the best polymer composite materials for specific applications. PCCs have become a promising alternative for the reuse of waste materials due to their exceptional performance. Based on the findings of the studies evaluated, it can be concluded that more research is needed to provide a foundation for a regulatory structure for the acceptance of polymer composites.

A self-healable, stretchable, tear-resistant and sticky elastomer enabled by a facile polymer blends strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 3931-3939
Author(s):  
Shiqiang Song ◽  
Honghao Hou ◽  
Jincheng Wang ◽  
Pinhua Rao ◽  
Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Blends ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Physical Blending

A high-stretchability, high-strength, tear-resistant, self-healing and adhesive elastomer is prepared through a facile and effective physical blending strategy. The elastomer shows potential applications in e-skin devices.

Excellent comprehensive energy storage capabilities achieved in linear polymer composites via inserting acrylic rubber dielectric elastomers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Yifei Wang ◽  
Weixing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Linear Polymer ◽  
Dielectric Elastomers ◽  
Organic Film ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Multilayer Composites ◽  
Potential Applications

Multilayer composites have the potential applications in organic film capacitors due to their excellent dielectric and breakdown characteristic. However, poor efficiency (η) and limited available energy density (Ue) of the...

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Graphene Nanoplatelet-Nanosilica Filled Unidirectional Basalt Fibre Composites

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Ummu Raihanah Hashim ◽  
Aidah Jumahat ◽  
Mohammad Jawaid
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Basalt Fibre ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelet ◽  
Dispersion State

Basalt fibre (BF) is one of the most promising reinforcing natural materials for polymer composites that could replace the usage of glass fibre due to its comparable properties. The aim of adding nanofiller in polymer composites is to enhance the mechanical properties of the composites. In theory, the incorporation of high strength and stiffness nanofiller, namely graphene nanoplatelet (GNP), could create superior composite properties. However, the main challenges of incorporating this nanofiller are its poor dispersion state and aggregation in epoxy due to its high surface area and strong Van der Waals forces in between graphene sheets. In this study, we used one of the effective methods of functionalization to improve graphene’s dispersion and also introducing nanosilica filler to enhance platelets shear mechanism. The high dispersive silica nanospheres were introduced in the tactoids morphology of stacked graphene nanosheets in order to produce high shear forces during milling and exfoliate the GNP. The hybrid nanofiller modified epoxy polymers were impregnated into BF to evaluate the mechanical properties of the basalt fibre reinforced polymeric (BFRP) system under tensile, compression, flexural, and drop-weight impact tests. In response to the synergistic effect of zero-dimensional nanosilica and two-dimensional graphene nanoplatelets enhanced the mechanical properties of BFRP, especially in Basalt fibre + 0.2 wt% GNP/15 wt% NS (BF-H0.2) with the highest increment in modulus and strength to compare with unmodified BF. These findings also revealed that the incorporation of hybrid nanofiller contributed to the improvement in the mechanical properties of the composite. BF has huge potential as an alternative to the synthetic glass fibre for the fabrication of mechanical components and structures.

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