scholarly journals Seed Priming: A Feasible Strategy to Enhance Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishvanathan Marthandan ◽  
Rathnavel Geetha ◽  
Karunanandham Kumutha ◽  
Vellaichamy Gandhimeyyan Renganathan ◽  
Adhimoolam Karthikeyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Farming Community

Drought is a serious threat to the farming community, biasing the crop productivity in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Drought adversely affects seed germination, plant growth, and development via non-normal physiological processes. Plants generally acclimatize to drought stress through various tolerance mechanisms, but the changes in global climate and modern agricultural systems have further worsened the crop productivity. In order to increase the production and productivity, several strategies such as the breeding of tolerant varieties and exogenous application of growth regulators, osmoprotectants, and plant mineral nutrients are followed to mitigate the effects of drought stress. Nevertheless, the complex nature of drought stress makes these strategies ineffective in benefiting the farming community. Seed priming is an alternative, low-cost, and feasible technique, which can improve drought stress tolerance through enhanced and advanced seed germination. Primed seeds can retain the memory of previous stress and enable protection against oxidative stress through earlier activation of the cellular defense mechanism, reduced imbibition time, upsurge of germination promoters, and osmotic regulation. However, a better understanding of the metabolic events during the priming treatment is needed to use this technology in a more efficient way. Interestingly, the review highlights the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of seed priming for enhancing the drought tolerance in crop plants. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities associated with various priming methods are also addressed side-by-side to enable the use of this simple and cost-efficient technique in a more efficient manner.

scholarly journals Seed priming of plants aiding in drought stress tolerance and faster recovery: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Raj Aswathi ◽  
Hazem M. Kalaji ◽  
Jos T. Puthur
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Machinery

AbstractDrought stress exposure adversely affects plant growth and productivity. Various seed priming techniques are experimented to mitigate the adverse effect of drought stress on plant performance. It is a low-cost and sustainable technology that proved to be of immense potential to enhance drought tolerance and increase crop productivity. Drought episodes are followed by recovery through rain or irrigation and help the plants to recuperate from the damages caused by drought stress. The severity of drought-associated damages determines the recovery kinetics of plants. Under the recurrent cycle of drought events, recovery kinetics has immense importance in predicting the stress tolerance potential and survival status of a plant. Many processes like DNA damage repair, de-novo synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, osmotic adjustment through the accumulation of osmolytes, the potential activity of antioxidant machinery occurring during seed priming play a significant role during recovery from drought stress. Alleviation of the severity of drought stress through the accumulation of osmolytes, the augmented activity of antioxidant machinery, improved photosynthetic performance, and the upregulated expression of stress-responsive genes attributed by seed priming will complement the recovery from drought stress. Although the beneficial effects of seed priming on drought tolerance are well explored, priming influenced recovery mechanism has not been well explored. There is a lacuna in the field of research related to the beneficial effects of seed priming for recovery from drought stress, and that is the focus of this paper.

scholarly journals Improving Drought Tolerance in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek): Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan Singh ◽  
Poornima Singh ◽  
Chandrakant Tiwari ◽  
Shalini Purwar ◽  
Mukul Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Drought stress is considered a severe threat to crop production. It adversely affects the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular functions of the plants, especially in short duration crops like mungbean. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made towards enhancing climate resilience in legumes through classical and next-generation breeding coupled with omics approaches. Various defence mechanisms have been reported as key players in crop adaptation to drought stress. Many researchers have identified potential donors, QTLs/genes and candidate genes associated to drought tolerance-related traits. However, cloning and exploitation of these loci/gene(s) in breeding programmes are still limited. To bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical breeding, we need to reveal the omics-assisted genetic variations associated with drought tolerance in mungbean to tackle this stress. Furthermore, the use of wild relatives in breeding programmes for drought tolerance is also limited and needs to be focused. Even after six years of decoding the whole genome sequence of mungbean, the genome-wide characterization and expression of various gene families and transcriptional factors are still lacking. Due to the complex nature of drought tolerance, it also requires integrating high throughput multi-omics approaches to increase breeding efficiency and genomic selection for rapid genetic gains to develop drought-tolerant mungbean cultivars. This review highlights the impact of drought stress on mungbean and mitigation strategies for breeding high-yielding drought-tolerant mungbean varieties through classical and modern omics technologies.

Phytohormone cross-talk and antioxidant gadgets tussles osmotic stress in indigenous rice landraces during seed germination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Anupriya ◽  
Sugitha Thankappan ◽  
A. Senthil ◽  
D. Rajakumar ◽  
Geetha S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Root And Shoot Length

Abstract Seed germination plays a critical role in determining rice productivity under drought stress. We evaluated 100 traditional rice landraces originated from different agro-ecological zones of Tamil Nadu along with drought- susceptible (IR 64) and drought- tolerant (IR 64 DRT) checks. Moisture stress was induced using PEG 6000 and screening done over a range of osmotic potentials (-) 10 bars, (-) 12.5 bars and (-)15 bars for a period of 5 d. Physio-morphological traits such as germination rate, survival per cent, root and shoot length, vigor index, RS ratio and relative water content (RWC) were assessed during early drought stress. We observed significant changes in the seed macromolecules, phytohormone levels (GA and IAA), osmolytes and antioxidant responses (catalase and superoxide dismutase) between drought stress and control treatments. Kuliyadichan registered significantly higher IAA and GA (44% and 35% respectively over drought tolerant check IR 64 DRT) at drought stress, whereas all the landraces showed an elevated catalase activity. In PC analysis, first three PCs captured 88.93% of the total variation; significant differences were detected among genotypes with respect to the studied parameters. Six traditional landraces such as Kuliyadichan, Rajalakshmi, Sabhagidhan, Nootripathu, Chandaikar and Mallikar were selected and their inherent drought tolerance was associated with metabolic responses viz., triggered hydrolytic enzyme activities, hormonal cross-talk, ROS signaling and catalase under drought stress compared to drought sensitive IR64. Hence, these genotypes can be used as potential donor candidates towards genetic improvement of drought tolerance in rice.

scholarly journals BrEXLB1, a Brassica rapa Expansin-Like B1 Gene Is Associated with Root Development, Drought Stress Response, and Seed Germination

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthusamy Muthusamy ◽  
Joo Yeol Kim ◽  
Eun Kyung Yoon ◽  
Jin A. Kim ◽  
Soo In Lee
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Qrt Pcr

Expansins are structural proteins prevalent in cell walls, participate in cell growth and stress responses by interacting with internal and external signals perceived by the genetic networks of plants. Herein, we investigated the Brassica rapa expansin-like B1 (BrEXLB1) interaction with phytohormones (IAA, ABA, Ethephon, CK, GA3, SA, and JA), genes (Bra001852, Bra001958, and Bra003006), biotic (Turnip mosaic Virus (TuMV), Pectobacterium carotovorum, clubroot disease), and abiotic stress (salt, oxidative, osmotic, and drought) conditions by either cDNA microarray or qRT-PCR assays. In addition, we also unraveled the potential role of BrEXLB1 in root growth, drought stress response, and seed germination in transgenic Arabidopsis and B. rapa lines. The qRT-PCR results displayed that BrEXLB1 expression was differentially influenced by hormones, and biotic and abiotic stress conditions; upregulated by IAA, ABA, SA, ethylene, drought, salt, osmotic, and oxidative conditions; and downregulated by clubroot disease, P. carotovorum, and TuMV infections. Among the tissues, prominent expression was observed in roots indicating the possible role in root growth. The root phenotyping followed by confocal imaging of root tips in Arabidopsis lines showed that BrEXLB1 overexpression increases the size of the root elongation zone and induce primary root growth. Conversely, it reduced the seed germination rate. Further analyses with transgenic B. rapa lines overexpressing BrEXLB1 sense (OX) and antisense transcripts (OX-AS) confirmed that BrEXLB1 overexpression is positively associated with drought tolerance and photosynthesis during vegetative growth phases of B. rapa plants. Moreover, the altered expression of BrEXLB1 in transgenic lines differentially influenced the expression of predicted BrEXLB1 interacting genes like Bra001852 and Bra003006. Collectively, this study revealed that BrEXLB1 is associated with root development, drought tolerance, photosynthesis, and seed germination.

scholarly journals Green Synthesized Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Mediate Growth Regulation and Physiology of Crop Plants under Drought Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1730
Author(s):  
Nadiyah M. Alabdallah ◽  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Inès Hammami ◽  
Azzah Ibrahim Alghamdi ◽  
Dikhnah Alshehri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles

Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are regarded as critical tools for overcoming ongoing and prospective crop productivity challenges. MONPs with distinct physiochemical characteristics boost crop production and resistance to abiotic stresses such as drought. They have recently been used to improve plant growth, physiology, and yield of a variety of crops grown in drought-stressed settings. Additionally, they mitigate drought-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the aggregation of osmolytes, which results in enhanced osmotic adaptation and crop water balance. These roles of MONPs are based on their physicochemical and biological features, foliar application method, and the applied MONPs concentrations. In this review, we focused on three important metal oxide nanoparticles that are widely used in agriculture: titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and iron oxide (Fe3O4). The impacts of various MONPs forms, features, and dosages on plant growth and development under drought stress are summarized and discussed. Overall, this review will contribute to our present understanding of MONPs’ effects on plants in alleviating drought stress in crop plants.

scholarly journals SEED HYDROPRIMING TECHNIQUE IN CEREAL CROPS: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Dipika Bhusal ◽  
Dhirendra Pratap Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Plant Defense Mechanism

Cereals contribute to 50% of total caloric intake and 95% of the total food requirement globally. Increasing climate change and population has increased the food demand and endangered the productivity of food crops due to various biotic and abiotic stresses and within these conditions’ world is trying to push itself towards increasing the grain yield per unit of land. Several methods of seed priming are practiced to rejuvenate the seeds and remove the environmental stress. Hydro priming, a method of seed priming, has prominent advantage of stresses resistance, better crop stand, and emergence. In order to cope with the future challenges of crop productivity knowledge on the beneficial effects of hydro priming is important. Hydro priming induces DNA repair processes and Antioxidant responses associated as pre-germinative metabolism that leads to early and better seedling growth. Seed Hydro priming may be the best solution to the germination related problems especially in crops grown in unfavorable conditions and enhanced activation of the plant defense mechanism describes this process. Defining the exact treatment duration, water volume, and temperature of water during Hydro priming can revolutionize the farming system with better results.

scholarly journals Impact of Grain Priming and Silicon Spraying on the Response of Barley to After Anthesis Drought Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Hossam Mohamed Ibrahim Hossam Mohamed Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Two field experiments were carried out in the experimental farm of Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Fuka, Matrouh Branch, Alexandria University, Egypt, during two successive seasons 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to study the effect of seed priming with Ascorbic and Salicylic Acids and spraying with silicon on drought tolerance of two barley cultivars, Giza 126 and Giza 2000. Six treatment were used as follows: Seed priming with Ascorbic acid (AA) and irrigation till heading (T1), seed priming with Salicylic acid (SA) and irrigation till heading (T2), seed priming with distilled water and irrigation till heading (T3), spraying with silicon and irrigation till heading (T4), dry seeds cultivation and irrigation till heading (T5) and dry seeds cultivation and all season irrigation (T6). The results indicated that post anthesis stress decreased grain yield by 17.1 % and 100-grain weight by 11.96 %, as an average of the two seasons. Hydropriming and osmopriming with salicylic acid, in addition to spraying with silicon, decreased the effect of drought and barley plants gave comparable grain yield to that of non-stress conditions. Barley cultivar Giza 126 was more tolerant to late drought compared to Giza 2000 cultivar with S values of 0.58 and 1.42, as an average of the two seasons, respectively.

scholarly journals Improvement of drought tolerance in rice using line X tester mating design and biochemical molecular markers

2022 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Almoataz Bellah Ali El-Mouhamady ◽  
Abdul Aziz M. Gad ◽  
Ghada S. A. Abdel Karim
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Hybrid Generation ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Abstract Background Water stress, specifically the limited water resources needed to grow strategic crops, especially rice, poses a great threat to crop productivity. So, it was imperative that scientists all work together to try genetically improving the rice for drought tolerance in light of these environmental challenges. The aim of this study is trying to know the genetic behavior responsible for water-deficit tolerance in rice genotypes but at the molecular level. Moreover, this attempt will be an important leap in the process of genetic improvement in rice for water stress tolerance in Egypt. Results Twenty-three rice genotypes including eight parents and their fifteen F1 crosses or (the first hybrid generation) by line X tester analysis were evaluated for water stress tolerance during two experiments (the control and drought experiment) besides some molecular–biochemical studies for eight parents and the highest selected five crosses for water stress tolerance. The research revealed that five rice crosses out of fifteen hybrids were highly tolerant to water stress compared to the normal conditions. Data of biochemical markers indicated the presence of bands that are considered as molecular genetic markers for water-deficit tolerance in some rice genotypes, and this is the scientific progress achieved in this research. This was evident by increasing the density and concentration of SDS-protein electrophoresis besides enhancing the activities of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) under water-deficit conditions, which confirmed the tolerance of drought stress in the eight rice genotypes and the best five crosses from the first hybrid generation. Conclusion The five promising and superior rice hybrids showed an unparalleled tolerance to water stress in all evaluated traits under water stress treatment compared to the standard experiment. Also, biochemical and molecular parameters evidence confirmed the existence of unquestionable evidence that it represents the main nucleus for producing rice lines tolerated for drought stress under Egyptian conditions.

Seed-germination response of Leymus chinensis to cold stratification in a range of temperatures, light and low water potentials under salt and drought stresses

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jixiang Lin ◽  
Yujie Shi ◽  
Shuang Tao ◽  
Xingyang Yu ◽  
Dafu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Salt And Drought Stresses

Leymus chinensis has important forage value and is considered a useful grass species for grassland restoration in Northeast China. However, little information exists concerning the germination responses of this species to interactions of cold stratification, light, temperature and low water potential caused by salinity and drought. Experiments were conducted in growth chambers, and the results showed that in all conditions of light, temperature and water stresses, the germination percentages of cold-stratified seeds were higher than of non-stratified seeds. Light had an inhibitory effect on germination percentage under both non-saline and salt stress conditions; darkness is beneficial for germination of this species. In addition, seeds germinated much better under alternating temperature regimes than under constant temperatures. Both salt and drought stresses decreased the germination percentage of Leymus chinensis, but the reductions under drought stress were much greater. Moreover, after being transferred to distilled water, most non-germinated seeds under drought stress germinated well, and the total percentage reached that of the non-saline condition level. Therefore, cold stratification is an effective measure to increase seed germination and salt or drought tolerance, especially in darkness. We conclude that Leymus chinensis has definite salt and drought tolerance during the germination stage and it is a promising species for the restoration of deteriorated grassland in Northeast China.

scholarly journals Overexpression of GmNFYA5 confers drought tolerance to transgenic Arabidopsis and soybean plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jun Ma ◽  
Tai-Fei Yu ◽  
Xiao-Hui Li ◽  
Xin-You Cao ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor

Abstract Background: Crop productivity is challenged by abiotic stresses, among which drought stress is the most common. NF-Y genes, especially NF-YA genes, regulate tolerance to abiotic stress. Results: Soybean NF-Y gene GmNFYA5 was identified to have the highest transcript level among all 21 NF-YA genes in soybean ( Glycine max L.) under drought stress. Drought-induced transcript of GmNFYA5 was suppressed by the ABA synthesis inhibitor naproxen (NAP). GmNFYA5 transcript was detected in various tissues at vegetative and reproductive growth stages with higher levels in roots and leaves than in other tissues, which was consist with the GmNFYA5 promoter:GUS fusion assay. Overexpression of GmNFYA5 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants caused enhanced drought tolerance in seedlings by decreasing stomatal aperture and water loss from leaves. Overexpression and suppression of GmNFYA5 in soybean resulted in increased and decreased drought tolerance, respectively, relative to plants with an empty vector (EV). Transcript levels of ABA-dependent genes ( ABI2 , ABI3 , NCED3 , LEA3 , RD29A , P5CS1 , GmWRKY46 , GmNCED2 and GmbZIP1 ) and ABA-independent genes ( DREB1A , DREB2A , DREB2B , GmDREB1 , GmDREB2 and GmDREB3 ) in transgenic plants overexpressing GmNFYA5 were higher than those of wild-type plants under drought stress; suppression of GmNFYA5 transcript produced opposite results. GmNFYA5 probably regulated the transcript abundance of GmDREB2 and GmbZIP1 by binding to the promoters in vivo. Conclusions: Our results suggested that overexpression of GmNFYA5 improved drought tolerance in soybean via both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways. Keywords: ABA sensitivity, Glycine max , Nuclear Factor YA, resistance mechanisms

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