scholarly journals PPARs and Myocardial Infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9436
Author(s):  
Kay-Dietrich Wagner ◽  
Nicole Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Ppar Agonists ◽  
Cell Type Specific Expression ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family. They are ligand-activated transcription factors and exist in three different isoforms, PPARα (NR1C1), PPARβ/δ (NR1C2), and PPARγ (NR1C3). PPARs regulate a variety of functions, including glucose and lipid homeostasis, inflammation, and development. They exhibit tissue and cell type-specific expression patterns and functions. Besides the established notion of the therapeutic potential of PPAR agonists for the treatment of glucose and lipid disorders, more recent data propose specific PPAR ligands as potential therapies for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we focus on the knowledge of PPAR function in myocardial infarction, a severe pathological condition for which therapeutic use of PPAR modulation has been suggested.

scholarly journals PPARs and Angiogenesis—Implications in Pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Wagner ◽  
Kay-Dietrich Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cell Type Specific Expression ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Ppar Ligands

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the family of ligand-activated nuclear receptors. The PPAR family consists of three subtypes encoded by three separate genes: PPARα (NR1C1), PPARβ/δ (NR1C2), and PPARγ (NR1C3). PPARs are critical regulators of metabolism and exhibit tissue and cell type-specific expression patterns and functions. Specific PPAR ligands have been proposed as potential therapies for a variety of diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, neurogenerative disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, endometriosis, and retinopathies. In this review, we focus on the knowledge of PPAR function in angiogenesis, a complex process that plays important roles in numerous pathological conditions for which therapeutic use of PPAR modulation has been suggested.

scholarly journals Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the control of alcohol dependence and concomitant liver pathology

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256
Author(s):  
I. N. Semenenya ◽  
A. H. Shlyahtun ◽  
H. F. Raduta
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Scattered Data ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Liver Pathology ◽  
Ppar Agonists ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

The article is aimed to summarize the scattered data on the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and the possibility of using PPAR’s agonists for treatment of alcohol dependence and alcoholic liver disease. Earlier it was shown that some PPAR agonists can reduce ethanol consumption and preference in rodents. Several hypotheses considering the antialcoholic activity of PPAR agonists and the roles of PPAR in the development of alcohol dependence were discussed. In light of these data, the therapeutic potential of PPARs agonists as an agent for the treatment of alcoholism, has been reviewed.

scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Diabetic Nephropathy

PPAR Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Kume ◽  
Takashi Uzu ◽  
Keiji Isshiki ◽  
Daisuke Koya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Ppar Agonists ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, which is increasing in incidence worldwide, despite intensive treatment approaches such as glycemic and blood pressure control in patients with diabetes mellitus. New therapeutic strategies are needed to prevent the onset of diabetic nephropathy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors that play important roles in lipid and glucose homeostases. These agents might prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy, since PPAR agonists improve dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Furthermore, data from murine models suggest that PPAR agonists also have independent renoprotective effects by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system. This review summarizes data from clinical and experimental studies regarding the relationship between PPARs and diabetic nephropathy. The therapeutic potential of PPAR agonists in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy is also discussed.

scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Oxidative Stress in Physiological Conditions and in Cancer

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1734
Author(s):  
Giuliana Muzio ◽  
Giuseppina Barrera ◽  
Stefania Pizzimenti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Orphan Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Originally described as “orphan nuclear receptors”, they can bind both natural and synthetic ligands acting as agonists or antagonists. In humans three subtypes, PPARα, β/δ, γ, are encoded by different genes, show tissue-specific expression patterns, and contribute to the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, of different cell functions, including proliferation, death, differentiation, and of processes, as inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response. The PPAR ability in increasing the expression of various antioxidant genes and decreasing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, makes them be considered among the most important regulators of the cellular response to oxidative stress conditions. Based on the multiplicity of physiological effects, PPAR involvement in cancer development and progression has attracted great scientific interest with the aim to describe changes occurring in their expression in cancer cells, and to investigate the correlation with some characteristics of cancer phenotype, including increased proliferation, decreased susceptibility to apoptosis, malignancy degree and onset of resistance to anticancer drugs. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of PPARs in physiological conditions, and on the reported beneficial effects of PPAR activation in cancer.

New trends in the pharmacological intervention of PPARs in obesity: Role of natural and synthetic compounds_

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Nabavi ◽  
Kasi Pandima Devi ◽  
Sethuraman Sathya ◽  
Ana Sanches-Silva ◽  
Listos Joanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Ppar Agonists ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

: Obesity is a major health concern for a growing fraction of the population, with the prevalence of obesity and its related metabolic disorders not being fully understood. Over the last decade, many attempts have been undertaken to understand the mechanisms at the basis of this condition, in which the accumulation of fat occurring in adipose tissue, leads to the pathogenesis of obesity related disorders. Among the most recent studies, those on Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) revealed that these nuclear receptor proteins acting as transcription factors, among others, regulate the expression of genes involved in energy, lipid, and glucose metabolisms, and chronic inflammation. The three different isotypes of PPARs, with different tissue expression and ligand binding specificity, exert similar or overlapping functions directly or indirectly linked to obesity. In this study, we reviewed the available scientific reports concerning the PPARs structure and functions, especially in obesity, considering both natural and synthetic ligands and their role in the therapy of obesity and obesity-associated disorders. In the whole, the collected data show that there are both natural and synthetic compounds that show beneficial promising activity as PPAR agonists in chronic diseases related to obesity.

scholarly journals Cell-type Specific Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Alzheimer Disease in Blood and Brain Tissue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devanshi Patel ◽  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
John J. Farrell ◽  
Jaeyoon Chung ◽  
Thor D. Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Eqtl Analysis ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Cell Type Specific Expression ◽  
Cell Type Specific

ABSTRACTBecause regulation of gene expression is heritable and context-dependent, we investigated AD-related gene expression patterns in cell-types in blood and brain. Cis-expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping was performed genome-wide in blood from 5,257 Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants and in brain donated by 475 Religious Orders Study/Memory & Aging Project (ROSMAP) participants. The association of gene expression with genotypes for all cis SNPs within 1Mb of genes was evaluated using linear regression models for unrelated subjects and linear mixed models for related subjects. Cell type-specific eQTL (ct-eQTL) models included an interaction term for expression of “proxy” genes that discriminate particular cell type. Ct-eQTL analysis identified 11,649 and 2,533 additional significant gene-SNP eQTL pairs in brain and blood, respectively, that were not detected in generic eQTL analysis. Of note, 386 unique target eGenes of significant eQTLs shared between blood and brain were enriched in apoptosis and Wnt signaling pathways. Five of these shared genes are established AD loci. The potential importance and relevance to AD of significant results in myeloid cell-types is supported by the observation that a large portion of GWS ct-eQTLs map within 1Mb of established AD loci and 58% (23/40) of the most significant eGenes in these eQTLs have previously been implicated in AD. This study identified cell-type specific expression patterns for established and potentially novel AD genes, found additional evidence for the role of myeloid cells in AD risk, and discovered potential novel blood and brain AD biomarkers that highlight the importance of cell-type specific analysis.

scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) Activation as Therapeutic Targets in Skin Inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Akihiro Aioi
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Cytokine Network ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are fatty acid activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family. They are initially known as transcriptional regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism, although further evidence has also been accumulated for other functions. Due to the nature of all PPAR isotypes which are expressed and exert effects by regulating the functions of cell types residing and infiltrating in the skin, PPARs represent a major research target for the understanding and treatment of many skin diseases. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing disease characterized by skin barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation. Skin barrier disturbance is one of the exacerbation factors of AD, due to facile penetration of molecules such as antigens. From the aspect of immune dysregulation, innate and acquired immunity including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cytokine network are involved in the pathogenesis. In this review, the role of PPAR in AD and the possibility of its agonist for the treatment of AD are discussed.

scholarly journals Hepatic Lipid Catabolism via PPARα-Lysosomal Crosstalk

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit A. Sinha ◽  
Sangam Rajak ◽  
Brijesh K. Singh ◽  
Paul M. Yen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Reciprocal Regulation ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Lysosomal Activity ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors which belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. They regulate key aspects of energy metabolism within cells. Recently, PPARα has been implicated in the regulation of autophagy-lysosomal function, which plays a key role in cellular energy metabolism. PPARα transcriptionally upregulates several genes involved in the autophagy-lysosomal degradative pathway that participates in lipolysis of triglycerides within the hepatocytes. Interestingly, a reciprocal regulation of PPARα nuclear action by autophagy-lysosomal activity also exists with implications in lipid metabolism. This review succinctly discusses the unique relationship between PPARα nuclear action and lysosomal activity and explores its impact on hepatic lipid homeostasis under pathological conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

scholarly journals The Renoprotective Actions of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Agonists in Diabetes

PPAR Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Thomas ◽  
K. A. Jandeleit-Dahm ◽  
C. Tikellis
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Critical Pathways ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Ppar Agonists ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
In The Diabetic Kidney

Pharmaceutical agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes, chiefly as lipid-lowering agents and oral hypoglycaemic agents. Although most of the focus has been placed on their cardiovascular effects, both positive and negative, these agents also have significant renoprotective actions in the diabetic kidney. Over and above action on metabolic control and effects on blood pressure, PPAR agonists also appear to have independent effects on a number of critical pathways that are implicated in the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease, including oxidative stress, inflammation, hypertrophy, and podocyte function. This review will examine these direct and indirect actions of PPAR agonists in the diabetic kidney and explore recent findings of clinical trials of PPAR agonists in patients with diabetes.

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