scholarly journals Treat Me Well or Will Resist: Uptake of Mobile Genetic Elements Determine the Resistome of Corynebacterium striatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7499
Author(s):  
Benjamin Leyton ◽  
Juliana Nunes Ramos ◽  
Paulo Victor Pereira Baio ◽  
João Flávio Carneiro Veras ◽  
Cassius Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Genomic Rearrangements ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Corynebacterium Striatum ◽  
Chromosomal Genes

Corynebacterium striatum, a bacterium that is part of the normal skin microbiota, is also an opportunistic pathogen. In recent years, reports of infections and in-hospital and nosocomial outbreaks caused by antimicrobial multidrug-resistant C. striatum strains have been increasing worldwide. However, there are no studies about the genomic determinants related to antimicrobial resistance in C. striatum. This review updates global information related to antimicrobial resistance found in C. striatum and highlights the essential genomic aspects in its persistence and dissemination. The resistome of C. striatum comprises chromosomal and acquired elements. Resistance to fluoroquinolones and daptomycin are due to mutations in chromosomal genes. Conversely, resistance to macrolides, tetracyclines, phenicols, beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides are associated with mobile genomic elements such as plasmids and transposons. The presence and diversity of insertion sequences suggest an essential role in the expression of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in genomic rearrangements and their potential to transfer these elements to other pathogens. The present study underlines that the resistome of C. striatum is dynamic; it is in evident expansion and could be acting as a reservoir for ARGs.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae: A Retrospective Study in Manaus, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Nakamura-Silva ◽  
Louise Cerdeira ◽  
Mariana Oliveira-Silva ◽  
Karen Regina Carim da Costa ◽  
Elder Sano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
The City

Abstract Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause several infections, mainly in hospitalised or immunocompromised individuals. The spread of K. pneumoniae emerging virulent and multidrug-resistant clones is a worldwide concern and its identification is crucial to control these strains especially in hospitals. This article reports data related to multi-resistant K. pneumoniae strains, isolated from inpatients in the city of Manaus, Brazil, harbouring virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, including high-risk international clones belonging to clonal group (CG) 258. Twenty-one strains isolated from different patients admitted to four hospitals in the city of Manaus, located in the state of Amazonas, Northern Brazil (Amazon Rainforest region) were evaluated. The majority of strains (61.9 % n = 13) were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), and five strains (23.8 %) as extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Several virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes were found among the strains and eight strains (38.1 %) presented the hypermucoviscous phenotype. MLST analysis demonstrated a great diversity of STs among the strains, totaling 12 different STs (ST11, ST23, ST198, ST277, ST307, ST340, ST378, ST462, ST502, ST3991, ST3993 and ST5209). Four of these (ST11, ST23, ST307 and ST340) belong to CG258.

scholarly journals Serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes of Salmonella isolated from a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, China

AMB Express ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Li ◽  
Jian Yin ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Zewei Li ◽  
Yuanzhao Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

AbstractSalmonella is an important food-borne pathogen associated with public health and high economic losses. To investigate the prevalence and the characteristics of Salmonella in a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, a total of 80 Salmonella isolates were isolated from 459 (17.43%) samples in 2016–2017. S. Derby (35/80, 43.75%) was the most prevalent, followed by S. Rissen (16/80, 20.00%) and S. Newlands (11/80, 13.75%). The highest rates of susceptibility were observed to cefoxitin (80/80, 100.0%) and amikacin (80/80, 100.0%), followed by aztreonam (79/80, 98.75%) and nitrofurantoin (79/80, 98.75%). The highest resistance rate was detected for tetracycline (65/80, 81.25%), followed by ampicillin (60/80, 75.00%), bactrim (55/80, 68.75%), and sulfisoxazole (54/80, 67.50%). Overall, 91.25% (73/80) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while 71.25% (57/80) of the isolate strains were multidrug resistant in the antimicrobial susceptibility tested. In addition, 86.36% (19/22) of the 22 antimicrobial resistance genes in the isolates were identified. Our data indicated that the resistance to certain antimicrobials was significantly associated, in part, with antimicrobial resistance genes. Furthermore, 81.25% (65/80) isolates harbored the virulence gene of mogA, of which 2 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates carried the mogA, spvB and spvC virulence genes at the same time. The results showed that swine products in the slaughterhouse were contaminated with multidrug resistant Salmonella commonly, especially some isolates carry the spv virulence genes. The virulence genes might facilitate the dissemination of the resistance genes to consumers along the production chain, suggesting the importance of controlling Salmonella during slaughter for public health.

scholarly journals atpD gene sequencing, multidrug resistance traits, virulence-determinants, and antimicrobial resistance genes of emerging XDR and MDR-Proteus mirabilis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelazeem M. Algammal ◽  
Hany R. Hashem ◽  
Khyreyah J. Alfifi ◽  
Helal F. Hetta ◽  
Norhan S. Sheraba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Port Said

AbstractProteus mirabilis is a common opportunistic pathogen causing severe illness in humans and animals. To determine the prevalence, antibiogram, biofilm-formation, screening of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes in P. mirabilis isolates from ducks; 240 samples were obtained from apparently healthy and diseased ducks from private farms in Port-Said Province, Egypt. The collected samples were examined bacteriologically, and then the recovered isolates were tested for atpD gene sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm-formation, PCR detection of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes. The prevalence of P. mirabilis in the examined samples was 14.6% (35/240). The identification of the recovered isolates was confirmed by the atpD gene sequencing, where the tested isolates shared a common ancestor. Besides, 94.3% of P. mirabilis isolates were biofilm producers. The recovered isolates were resistant to penicillins, sulfonamides, β-Lactam-β-lactamase-inhibitor-combinations, tetracyclines, cephalosporins, macrolides, and quinolones. Using PCR, the retrieved strains harbored atpD, ureC, rsbA, and zapA virulence genes with a prevalence of 100%, 100%, 94.3%, and 91.4%, respectively. Moreover, 31.4% (11/35) of the recovered strains were XDR to 8 antimicrobial classes that harbored blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M, tetA, and sul1 genes. Besides, 22.8% (8/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 3 antimicrobial classes and possessed blaTEM, tetA, and sul1genes. Furthermore, 17.1% (6/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 7 antimicrobial classes and harbored blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M, tetA, and sul1 genes. Alarmingly, three strains were carbapenem-resistant that exhibited PDR to all the tested 10 antimicrobial classes and shared blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M, tetA, and sul1 genes. Of them, two strains harbored the blaNDM-1 gene, and one strain carried the blaKPC gene. In brief, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the emergence of XDR and MDR-P.mirabilis in ducks. Norfloxacin exhibited promising antibacterial activity against the recovered XDR and MDR-P. mirabilis. The emergence of PDR, XDR, and MDR-strains constitutes a threat alarm that indicates the complicated treatment of the infections caused by these superbugs.

First identification and Limited Dissemination of mcr-1 Colistin Resistance in Salmonella Isolates in Jiaxing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Li Zhan ◽  
Henghui Wang ◽  
Wenjie Gao ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Strain

Salmonella , a major foodborne pathogen, causes severe gastrointestinal disease in people and animals worldwide. Plasmid-borne mcr-1 , which confers colistin resistance in Salmonella, has significant epidemiological interest for public health safety. Here, we report the first evidence of mcr-1 -mediated colistin resistance in one multidrug-resistant strain，namely 16062 in this study, from 355 Salmonella isolates collected for Jiaxing foodborne pathogen monitoring in Zhejiang Province in 2015–2019. In addition to colistin, 16062 displayed multidrug resistance to various antimicrobials (β-lactams, quinolone, sulfonamide, florfenicol, ampicillin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, aminoglycoside, and trimethoprim-sulfamethox). The mcr-1 -carrying IncX4 plasmid (p16062-MCR) in this study shares a conserved structure with other mcr -IncX4 plasmids. We found that other antimicrobial-resistance genes ( aac(6')-Ib-cr , aadA1 , aadA2 , aph(3')-Ia , oqxA , oqxB , sul1 , and cmlA1 ) are located on p16062-cmlA, an atypical IncHI2 plasmid, in isolate 16062. This is the first identification of transferable colistin resistance in foodborne Salmonella isolate collected in Jiaxing city, the 5-year monitoring of which revealed limited dissemination. By determining the genetic features of the plasmid vehicle, the characteristics of transferable mcr genes circulating in isolates from Jiaxing are now clearer.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella in Market Raw Oysters in Taiwan

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Tsun Lo ◽  
Chia-Lan Wang ◽  
Bai-Hsung Chen ◽  
Chung-Wen Hu ◽  
Chung-Hsi Chou
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Human Health Hazard

ABSTRACT We tested 137 samples of domestic shucked oysters and 114 samples of imported oysters collected from traditional retail markets and supermarkets during 2010 and 2011 in Taiwan for the presence of Salmonella. We obtained a total of 91 Salmonella isolates, representing nine serotypes, from 80 of the domestic samples. We did not find any Salmonella in the imported oysters. The presence of Salmonella contamination tended to be specific to the area from which the oysters were harvested: the Dongshih area had a significantly higher contamination rate (68.8%) than the Budai (20.0%) and Wanggong (9.1%) areas. In addition, the rate of Salmonella contamination was higher in oysters that were packed or sold with water (P < 0.05). The most commonly identified Salmonella serotypes were Saintpaul (26.4%), Newport (22.0%), and Infantis (13.2%). We screened the isolates for susceptibility to nine antimicrobials and compared them genetically by using PCR for the class 1 integron (int1), tetA, tetB, and blaPSE-1 genes. Eighteen isolates (19.8%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, and the most frequent resistances were those to tetracycline and oxytetracycline (n = 12, 14.3%).We detected the antimicrobial resistance genes int1, tetA, tetB, and blaPSE-1 in 16.5, 26.4, 6.6, and 22.0% of the isolates, respectively. Eleven of the 18 antimicrobial-resistant isolates contained one or two int1 cassettes, suggesting that the presence of int1 is highly correlated with antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates from oysters. The consumption of oysters is increasing in Taiwan, and information related to Salmonella contamination in oysters is rather limited. Our results indicate that raw oyster consumption from retail markets in Taiwan is associated with a human health hazard owing to Salmonella, including multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant Streptococcus agalactiae Strains Found in Human and Fish with High Penicillin and Cefotaxime Non-Susceptibilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1055
Author(s):  
Carmen Li ◽  
Dulmini Nanayakkara Sapugahawatte ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Kam Tak Wong ◽  
Norman Wai Sing Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus agalactiae (PEN-NS GBS) has been increasingly reported, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) GBS documented in Japan. Here we identified two PEN-NS GBS strains during our surveillance studies: one from a patient’s wound and the other from a tilapia. The patient’s GBS (H21) and fish GBS (F49) were serotyped and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to find the sequence type, antimicrobial resistance genes, and mutations in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance genes. H21 and F49 belonged to ST651, serotype Ib, and ST7, serotype Ia, respectively. H21 showed PEN and cefotaxime minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2.0 mg/L. F49 showed PEN MIC 0.5 mg/L. H21 was MDR with ermB, lnuB, tetS, ant6-Ia, sat4a, and aph3-III antimicrobial resistance genes observed. Alignment of PBPs showed the combination of PBP1B (A95D) and 2B mutations (V80A, S147A, S160A) in H21 and a novel mutation in F49 at N192S in PBP2B. Alignment of FQ-resistant determinants revealed mutation sites on gyrA, gyrB, and parC and E in H21. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GBS isolates with such high penicillin and cefotaxime MICs. This raises the concern of emergence of MDR and PEN-NS GBS in and beyond healthcare facilities.

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