scholarly journals Contemporary Approach to the Porosity of Dental Materials and Methods of Its Measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8903
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sarna-Boś ◽  
Kamil Skic ◽  
Jarosław Sobieszczański ◽  
Patrycja Boguta ◽  
Renata Chałas
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Measurement Signal ◽  
Thermal And Electrical Properties ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Contemporary Approach

Porosity is an important parameter for characterizing the microstructure of solids that corresponds to the volume of the void space, which may contain fluid or air, over the total volume of the material. Many materials of natural and technically manufactured origin have a large number of voids in their internal structure, relatively small in size, compared to the characteristic dimensions of the body itself. Thus, porosity is an important feature of industrial materials, but also of biological ones. The porous structure affects a number of material properties, such as sorption capacity, as well as mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Porosity of materials is an important factor in research on biomaterials. The most popular materials used to rebuild damaged tooth tissues are composites and ceramics, whilst titanium alloys are used in the production of implants that replace the tooth root. Research indicates that the most comprehensive approach to examining such materials should involve an analysis using several complementary methods covering the widest possible range of pore sizes. In addition to the constantly observed increase in the resolution capabilities of devices, the development of computational models and algorithms improving the quality of the measurement signal remains a big challenge.

The influence of the type of nut raw materials on the processes of migration of fats in glazed candies with pralin bodies

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Николай Борисович Кондратьев ◽  
Лариса Валентиновна Зайцева ◽  
Оксана Сергеевна Руденко ◽  
Егор Валерьевич Казанцев ◽  
Ирина Александровна Белова
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Migration Rate ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Butter Substitute ◽  
Materials Used

Целью исследования являлось изучение влияния свойств орехового сырья на направление и скорость процессов миграции жиров в глазированных конфетах с пралиновыми корпусами. Исследование процессов миграции жиров между корпусом и глазурью в процессе хранения необходимо для прогнозирования сохранности и предотвращения органо-лептической порчи в результате осветления или умягчения глазури, а также «поседения» поверхности изделий. Предложен подход прогнозирования скорости процессов миграции жиров при хранении конфет с корпусами, изготовленными на основе орехового сырья, с использованием удельной скорости миграции жиров. Исследованы процессы миграции жиров в модельных образцах конфет с пралиновыми корпусами на основе арахиса, фундука, кешью, миндаля, покрытых глазурью с использованием заменителя масла какао лауринового типа при температуре хранения 18 °С. Показано, что удельная скорость миграции олеиновой кислоты на поверхность модельных образцов глазированных конфет с корпусами на основе арахиса превышает скорость миграции в конфетах с корпусами на основе кешью приблизительно в 20 раз. Полученные закономерности позволяют установить дополнительные требования к качеству используемого жирового сырья для уменьшения скорости миграции жиров. The aim of the work - the investigation of the influence of nut raw material properties on the direction and speed of fat migration processes in glazed sweets with praline cases. The study of fat migration processes between the body and the glaze during storage is necessary to predict the safety and prevent organoleptic spoilage as a result of lightening or softening of the glaze, as well as «graying» of the surface of the products. An approach to predicting the rate of fat migration processes during the storage of sweets with cases made on the basis of nut raw materials using the specific rate of fat migration is proposed. The processes of fat migration in model samples of sweets with praline cases based on peanuts, hazelnuts, cashews, almonds, glazed with glaze, with the use of a lauric-type cocoa butter substitute were investigated at a storage temperature of 18 °C. It is shown that the specific rate of migration of oleic acid to the surface of model samples of glazed sweets with peanut-based cases exceeds the migration rate in sweets with cashew-based cases by approximately 20 times. The obtained regularities allow us to establish additional requirements for the quality of the fat raw materials used to reduce the rate of fat migration.

Specification of Destructive Influences of Selected Decontamination Mixtures on Materials Used for Construction of Chemical Specialists´ Garments Designated for Isolative Protection of the Body Surface

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Melichařík ◽  
Pavel Otřísal
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Selective Decontamination ◽  
Butyl Rubber ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Protective Garment ◽  
Repeated Contact

Abstract A paper deals with the influence of selective decontamination mixtures established in the Czech Armed Forces on an isolative protective foil used to the construction of anti-gas protective garment marked as OPCH-05. Presented information are a part of thematically focused works aimed to study of influences of all established decontamination mixtures on the Czech Armed Forces Chemical Corps´ garments of anti-gas protection. The quality of provided the Czech Armed Forces Chemical Corps´ specialists isolative protection is limited with the existence of several aspects which significantly determine with their materials equipment. For providing isolative protection of the body surface are used such as protective garments which are the hermetic type and they are constructively solved with the employment of the butyl-rubber polymeric mixture. The effective protection of the body surface must be guaranteed even within the presumption of a repeated contact with decontamination mixtures

scholarly journals Estimating the Effect of Chirality and Size on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Through Finite Element Modelling

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jibran Shahzad Zuberi ◽  
Volkan Esat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Thermal And Electrical Properties ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered to be one of the contemporary materials exhibiting superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. A new generation state-of-the-art composite material, carbon nanotube reinforced polymer (CNTRP), utilizes carbon nanotubes as the reinforcing fibre element. CNTRPs are highly promising composite materials possessing the potential to be used in various areas such as automotive, aerospace, defence, and energy sectors. The CNTRP composite owes its frontline mechanical material properties mainly to the improvement provided by the CNT filler. There are challenging issues regarding CNTRPs such as determination of material properties, and effect of chirality and size on the mechanical material properties of carbon nanotube fibres, which warrant development of computational models. Along with the difficulties associated with experimentation on CNTs, there is paucity in the literature on the effects of chirality and size on the mechanical properties of CNTs. Insight into the aforementioned issues may be brought through computational modelling time- and cost-effectively when compared to experimentation. This study aims to investigate the effect of chirality and size of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on its mechanical material properties so that their contribution to the mechanical properties of CNTRP composite may be understood more clearly. Nonlinear finite element models based on molecular mechanics using various element types substituting C-C bond are generated to develop zigzag, armchair and chiral SWNTs over a range of diameters. The predictions collected from simulations are compared to the experimental and computational studies available in the literature.

Patient’s perspective and awareness of materials used in dentistry

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Asfia Saeed ◽  
Yousaf Athar ◽  
Sohrab Khan ◽  
Usman Anwer Bhatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Materials ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Evidence Based Dentistry

Abstract Objective: To assess patients’ knowledge and attitude towards different dental materials used in private and public dental facilities in an urban setting. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Islamabad Dental and Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan, from February to July 2019, and comprised individuals at private dental clinics and teaching hospitals. Data was collected using a pre-validated structured questionnaire that recorded socio-demographic information as well as patients’ perception on evidence-based dentistry using visual analogue, trust on the dentist, quality of materials and the source of information. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: Of the 269 participants, 151(56.1%) were females with a mean age of 33.87±12.63 years, and 118(43.9%) were males with a mean age of 33.28±13.71 years. Overall, 208(77.3%) respondents were in favour of using materials with long-term scientific data; 201(74.7%) recognised a difference in quality of materials used at private clinics and teaching hospitals; 128(63.7%) believed that poor quality materials were used in teaching hospitals; 229(85%) trusted their dentists for using high-quality materials; and 108(40%) identified dentists as the source of information. There was a significant relationship between patient’s education level and realising the importance of using dental materials supported by scientific evidence (p?0.01). Conclusion: Majority of subjects believed that poor quality materials were used in teaching hospitals compared to private dental facilities. Key Words: Patient-centred care, Evidence-based dentistry, Continuous...

Mutual Influence Study of Food Acids and Polysaccharides of Different Nature on the Sensory Perception of Low-Calorie Sweet Dishes

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Minnikhanova ◽  
Nataliya Zavorokhina ◽  
Anna Gilina
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Apple Pectin ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract The inclusion of polysaccharide thickeners in the recipes of sweet dishes increases the functional reserves of the body, contributes to the preservation of health and the prevention of diseases. The purpose of the research is to study the sensory characteristics of polysaccharides of various nature when combined with food acids, to develop a recipe for a basic mixture of low-calorie meals for public catering. The authors analyzed citric, lactic and succinic acids in combinations with polysaccharides of various nature. Organoleptic tests were evaluated by a touch panel. The organization of the tasting analysis corresponded to GOST ISO 6658-2016; the consistency was determined according to GOST 31986-2012, GOST ISO 11036-2017, GOST ISO 8588-2011. The optimal organoleptic combinations of the presented food acids and complex additives of sweeteners (CDP) were identified, which included aspartame, sodium saccharinate, Sucralose, sweetness coefficient – 340: the mixture with citric acid had a long pleasant aftertaste without foreign tastes and the best taste characteristics. Using the “A-not A” method, we found that the sample with the addition of CDP is identical to the sucrose solution. In the second part of the study, polysaccharides were added to model samples of acids with complex sweeteners; the best sensory characteristics were obtained by model samples consisting of a mixture of low-esterified Apple pectin with lactic acid and KDP. The technology of obtaining a stable elastic jelly using low-esterified Apple pectin has been developed, since the complex mixture of sweeteners and food acids does not have a dehydrating effect. Developed a dry mix recipe that can serve as a basic development, low-calorie sweet products for catering and has a variance of use of lactic and succinic acids, depending on the flavor characteristics of the raw materials used and its corrective ability.

Experience in the use of double broncholytic therapy in occupational practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 303-307
Author(s):  
Elena A. Beigel ◽  
Natalya G. Kuptsova ◽  
Elena V. Katamanova ◽  
Oksana V. Ushakova ◽  
Oleg L. Lakhman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Body Plethysmography ◽  
Occupational Copd ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading nosological forms of occupational respiratory disease. Numerous studies have shown high effectiveness of the combination of indacaterol/glycopyrronium (Ultibro®breezhaler®) on the impact on clinical and functional indicators in the treatment of COPD in General practice.The aim of the investigation the case of occupational COPD with the analysis of the dynamics of functional indicators, tolerance to physical load and evaluation of the quality of life of workers engaged in aluminum production by using combination of indacaterol/glycopyrronium.Materials and methods. The random sampling method included 20 men, workers of aluminum production, with the established diagnosis of professional COPD at the age of 40 to 60 years. The survey was conducted (Borg scale, medical Research Council scale (mMRC) and COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Functional methods of studies were conducted: spirometry, body plethysmography, electrocardiography (ECG) and the six-minute stepper test (6-MST).Results. Against the background of 8 weeks of therapy, the volume of forced exhalation for 1 minute (FEV1) increased by 14.7% and amounted to 67.90% of the due values, the forced vital capacity of the lungs (FVC) increased by 11.3% and amounted to 76.95% of the due. According to the body plethysmography (BPG) is set to decrease in residual lung volume on average by 13.4% and static hyperinflation, confirmed by the decrease in functional residual volume (FRV) of 18.8%. During the study period increased physical activity of patients. The average difference between the distance traveled in the six-minute step test before and after treatment was 58.8 m. The analysis of personal data showed that the quality of life of patients improved, the total score in the questionnaire CAT at the beginning of the study was 16.9 points, and after 8 weeks decreased by 63% and amounted to 10.7 points.Conclusions: The Results indicate a positive effect of combination therapy with indacaterol/glycopyrronium on the course and progression of occupational COPD.

PENGARUH KONSEP DIRI DAN KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU TERHADAP KUALITAS PROSES PEMBELAJARAN

Edum Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Khamim Khamim ◽  
Wresni Pujiyati
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
Pedagogical Competence ◽  
Teacher Needs ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning

The main focus of this research is on the self-concept and pedagogical competence of the teacher and its influence on the quality of the learning process both partially and double. The research method used is a survey method in which the authors go directly to the empirical level by distributing questionnaires to 47 teachers. The processing and analysis techniques used are linear and multiple regression. The results of the study show that: (1) There is a positive and significant influence of the teacher's self-concept on the quality of the learning process (2) There is a positive and significant influence on the teacher's pedagogical competence on the quality of the learning process. (3) There is a positive and significant effect of self-concept and pedagogical competence of teachers together on the quality of the learning process. Therefore, the authors suggest: (1) So that the teacher improves health and appearance because the results of the study show that the weakness of the teacher's self-concept is in the appearance and significance of the body. So that the teacher needs to be given enlightenment related to how to maintain health and fitness through the implementation of joint gymnastics or conducting group discussions related to the dirt to maintain a prime body. (2) To face future competition and improve the quality of education it is deemed necessary to further increase the pedagogical competence of teachers, especially those related to planning and evaluation of learning.

February 9 — Dentist Day in Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Oksana Rybachok
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Spiritual Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Quality Of Food

«Man is what he eats,» these words belong to the great Pythagoras. He meant by these words the connection of the origin of consumed food with the spiritual development of man. In fact, a lot depends on the nature of nutrition, the quality of food and, of course, on the degree of its perception by the body. Digestion process begins not in the stomach, but directly in the oral cavity as a result of mechanical processing of products with teeth and under the influence of the secretion of the salivary glands. That is why healthy teeth are the key to the normal functioning of the whole organism — people should start taking care of their teeth from the early childhood and dentists, who are far from being beloved by everybody and are often carelessly evaded, are called upon to help keep the teeth healthy.

QUALIDADE DAS ÁGUAS E NÍVEL TRÓFICO DA BACIA DO RIO PACIÊNCIA NA ILHA DO MARANHÃO, BRASIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-453
Author(s):  
Elna Lucilia Santos Corrêa ◽  
Karina Suzana Feitosa Pinheiro ◽  
Cláudio José Da Silva de Sousa ◽  
Luiz Jorge Bezerra da Silva Dias
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Public Supply ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Great Availability ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Fluvial Environments

O Brasil apresenta grande disponibilidade de água doce em seus mananciais. Fazendo parte desse recurso encontra-se, o rio Paciência, localizado na Ilha do Maranhão destacado pela sua importância local, principalmente por contribuir com suas águas para recarga dos mananciais subterrâneos, fonte de abastecimento público de vários bairros de São Luís, capital do estado. No entanto, este rio vem sofrendo comprometimento da qualidade de suas águas, consequência do processo de uso e ocupação dos espaços em sua bacia. Destacando-se como um dos principais problemas relacionados a qualidade de ambientes fluviais,  a eutrofização, que consiste no processo em que o corpo d’água adquire elevados níveis de nutrientes (fosfatos e nitratos), é um indicador determinante da qualidade da água. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a qualidade da água e do estado trófico na bacia hidrográfica do rio Paciência atráves dos parâmetros fisico-químico evidenciando os trechos mais comprometidos conforme os valores alcançados nas análises. Os resultados das análises foram comparados com a CONAMA No. 357/05 que indicaram uma situação preocupante quanto à qualidade da água no local de estudo.Palavras-chave: Qualidade de água; Eutrofização; Ilha do Maranhão. ABSTRACTThe Brazil has great availability of fresh water in its springs. Within these contexts, the Paciência River, located on the Island of Maranhão stands out for its local importance, mainly for contributing its waters to the recharge of the underground springs, source of public supply of several districts of São Luís, capital of the state. However, this river has been compromising the quality of its waters, a consequence of the process of use and occupation of the spaces in its basin. Highlighting as one of the main problems related to the quality of fluvial environments, eutrophication, which consists of the process in which the body of water acquires high levels of nutrients (phosphates and nitrates), is a determinant indicator of water quality. In this sense, the objective of this work was to characterize the water quality and trophic status in the Paciência river basin through the physico-chemical parameters, showing the most compromised stretches according to the values reached in the analyzes. The results of the analyzes were compared with CONAMA No. 357/05 which indicated a worrying situation regarding the quality of the water at the place of study.Keywords: Water quality; Eutrophication; Island of Maranhão. RESUMENBrasil tiene gran disponibilidad de agua dulce en sus manantiales. Parte de este recurso es el río Paciencia, ubicado en la isla de Maranhão, que destaca por su importancia local, principalmente porque contribuye con sus aguas a recargar las fuentes subterráneas, fuente de suministro público de varios barrios de São Luís, capital del estado. Sin embargo, este río se ha visto afectado por la calidad de sus aguas, como consecuencia del proceso de uso y ocupación de los espacios en su cuenca. Destacando como uno de los principales problemas relacionados con la calidad de los ambientes fluviales, la eutrofización, que consiste en el proceso en el que el cuerpo de agua adquiere altos niveles de nutrientes (fosfatos y nitratos), es un indicador determinante de la calidad del agua. En este sentido, el objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la calidad del agua y el estado trófico en la cuenca del río Paciência a través de los parámetros fisicoquímicos, mostrando las secciones más comprometidas de acuerdo con los valores alcanzados en los análisis. Los resultados de los análisis se compararon con CONAMA N°. 357/05, que indicó una situación preocupante con respecto a la calidad del agua en el sitio de estudio.Palabras clave: Calidad del agua; Eutrofización, Isla Maranhão.

CUIDADOS BUCAIS EM PACIENTES VENTILADOS MECANICAMENTE: CONHECIMENTO DE ENFERMEIROS DE UM HOSPITAL ESCOLA

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérsica Sampaio Silva ◽  
Fernanda Alves Ferreira Gonçalves ◽  
Bárbara Ribeiro Miquelin Bueno ◽  
Georlucya Kátia Da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Ludmila Pinheiro Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated Patients ◽  
Complicating Factors ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Ventilated Patients

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento acerca dos cuidados bucais realizados por enfermeiros a pacientes ventilados mecanicamente. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado em um hospital escola de Goiânia/Goiás. A coleta de dados deu-se por meio de questionário estruturado. Resultados: Os enfermeiros conhecem as medidas recomendadas sobre higiene bucal. Os fatores dificultadores encontrados foram a falta de pessoal (21,7%), falta de tempo (16,7%) e trabalhos burocráticos (15%). Contudo ainda existem lacunas no que se refere a produtos e materiais utilizados na higiene bucal. Conclusão: As Lacunas e os fatores dificultadores sinalizados nesse estudo merecem reflexão, como forma de avaliar a qualidade do cuidado oferecido.Descritores: Biofilme; Higiene Bucal; Cuidados de enfermagem.ORAL CARE IN MECHANICALLY VENTILATED PATIENTS: KNOWLEDGE OF NURSES FROM A SCHOOL HOSPITALObjective: To evaluate the knowledge about oral care performed by nurses in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods: a cross-sectional study, conducted in a teaching hospital of Goiania/Goias. The data collection was performed by means of a structured questionnaire. Results: The nurses know the measures recommended on oral hygiene. The complicating factors found were the lack of personnel (21.7%), lack of time (16.7%) and work on tape (15%). However there are still gaps in relation to products and materials used in oral hygiene. Conclusion: The gaps and the factors complicating factors indicated in this study deserve consideration, as a means of evaluating the quality of care offered.Keywords: Biofilm; Oral hygiene; Nursing care.CUIDADO ORAL EN PACIENTES CON VENTILACIÓN MECÁNICA: EL CONOCIMIENTO DE LAS ENFERMERAS DEL HOSPITAL ESCUELAObjetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento sobre el cuidado bucal realizadas por enfermeras en pacientes ventilados mecánicamente. Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado en un hospital de Goiania y Goias. La recolección de datos se realizó por medio de un cuestionario estructurado. Resultados: Las enfermeras saben las medidas recomendadas en la higiene bucal. Los factores encontrados fueron la falta de personal (21,7%), la falta de tiempo (16,7%) y trabajar en la cinta (15%). Sin embargo todavía hay lagunas en relación con los productos y los materiales utilizados en la higiene bucal. Conclusión: Las brechas y los factores factores indicados en este estudio merecen consideración, como medio de evaluar la calidad de la atención ofrecida.Palabras clave: Biofilme; Higiene Bucal; Atención de Enfermería.

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