scholarly journals Non-Coding RNAs in Response to Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12519
Author(s):  
Temesgen Assefa Gelaw ◽  
Neeti Sanan-Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Overall Response ◽  
Multiple Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Function

Drought stress causes changes in the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of plants. The response to drought in different plants may vary from avoidance, tolerance and escape to recovery from stress. This response is genetically programmed and regulated in a very complex yet synchronized manner. The crucial genetic regulations mediated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as game-changers in modulating the plant responses to drought and other abiotic stresses. The ncRNAs interact with their targets to form potentially subtle regulatory networks that control multiple genes to determine the overall response of plants. Many long and small drought-responsive ncRNAs have been identified and characterized in different plant varieties. The miRNA-based research is better documented, while lncRNA and transposon-derived RNAs are relatively new, and their cellular role is beginning to be understood. In this review, we have compiled the information on the categorization of non-coding RNAs based on their biogenesis and function. We also discuss the available literature on the role of long and small non-coding RNAs in mitigating drought stress in plants.

scholarly journals Spermine: Its Emerging Role in Regulating Drought Stress Responses in Plants

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽  
Md. Nazmul Hossain ◽  
Zunaira Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants’ ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm’s role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Non-Coding RNA in Pancreas and β-Cell Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson K. M. Wong ◽  
Anja E. Sørensen ◽  
Mugdha V. Joglekar ◽  
Anand A. Hardikar ◽  
Louise T. Dalgaard
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Pancreas Development ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Neighboring Gene ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Function

In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of different classes of non-coding RNAs for islet and β-cell development, maturation and function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a prominent class of small RNAs, have been investigated for more than two decades and patterns of the roles of different miRNAs in pancreatic fetal development, islet and β-cell maturation and function are now emerging. Specific miRNAs are dynamically regulated throughout the period of pancreas development, during islet and β-cell differentiation as well as in the perinatal period, where a burst of β-cell replication takes place. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in islet and β-cells is less investigated than for miRNAs, but knowledge is increasing rapidly. The advent of ultra-deep RNA sequencing has enabled the identification of highly islet- or β-cell-selective lncRNA transcripts expressed at low levels. Their roles in islet cells are currently only characterized for a few of these lncRNAs, and these are often associated with β-cell super-enhancers and regulate neighboring gene activity. Moreover, ncRNAs present in imprinted regions are involved in pancreas development and β-cell function. Altogether, these observations support significant and important actions of ncRNAs in β-cell development and function.

scholarly journals Expression of miR159 Is Altered in Tomato Plants Undergoing Drought Stress

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José López-Galiano ◽  
Inmaculada García-Robles ◽  
Ana I. González-Hernández ◽  
Gemma Camañes ◽  
Begonya Vicedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Tomato Plants

In a scenario of global climate change, water scarcity is a major threat for agriculture, severely limiting crop yields. Therefore, alternatives are urgently needed for improving plant adaptation to drought stress. Among them, gene expression reprogramming by microRNAs (miRNAs) might offer a biotechnologically sound strategy. Drought-responsive miRNAs have been reported in many plant species, and some of them are known to participate in complex regulatory networks via their regulation of transcription factors involved in water stress signaling. We explored the role of miR159 in the response of Solanum lycopersicum Mill. plants to drought stress by analyzing the expression of sly-miR159 and its target SlMYB transcription factor genes in tomato plants of cv. Ailsa Craig grown in deprived water conditions or in response to mechanical damage caused by the Colorado potato beetle, a devastating insect pest of Solanaceae plants. Results showed that sly-miR159 regulatory function in the tomato plants response to distinct stresses might be mediated by differential stress-specific MYB transcription factor targeting. sly-miR159 targeting of SlMYB33 transcription factor transcript correlated with accumulation of the osmoprotective compounds proline and putrescine, which promote drought tolerance. This highlights the potential role of sly-miR159 in tomato plants’ adaptation to water deficit conditions.

scholarly journals Infection with an asymptomatic virus in rice results in a delayed drought response

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaymee R. Encabo ◽  
Reena Jesusa A. Macalalad-Cabral ◽  
Jerlie Mhay K. Matres ◽  
Sapphire Charlene Thea P. Coronejo ◽  
Gilda B. Jonson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Leaf Rolling ◽  
Rice Tungro Spherical Virus ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Infection of viruses in plants often modifies plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study we examined the effects of Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) infection on drought response in rice. RTSV infection delayed the onset of leaf rolling by 1–2 days. During the delay in drought response, plants infected with RTSV showed higher stomatal conductance and less negative leaf water potential under drought than those of uninfected plants, indicating that RTSV-infected leaves were more hydrated. Other growth and physiological traits of plants under drought were not altered by infection with RTSV. An expression analysis of genes for drought response-related transcription factors showed that the expression of OsNAC6 and OsDREB2a was less activated by drought in RTSV-infected plants than in uninfected plants, further suggesting improved water status of the plants due to RTSV infection. RTSV accumulated more in plants under drought than in well-watered plants, indicating the increased susceptibility of rice plants to RTSV infection by drought. Collectively, these results indicated that infection with RTSV can transiently mitigate the influence of drought stress on rice plants by increasing leaf hydration, while drought increased the susceptibility of rice plants to RTSV.

scholarly journals POLIII-derived non-coding RNAs acting as scaffolds and decoys

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 880-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Täuber ◽  
Stefan Hüttelmaier ◽  
Marcel Köhn
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Ribonucleoprotein Complexes ◽  
Small Ncrnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Function

Abstract A large variety of eukaryotic small structured POLIII-derived non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been described in the past. However, for only few, e.g. 7SL and H1/MRP families, cellular functions are well understood. For the vast majority of these transcripts, cellular functions remain unknown. Recent findings on the role of Y RNAs and other POLIII-derived ncRNAs suggest an evolutionarily conserved function of these ncRNAs in the assembly and function of ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs). These RNPs provide cellular `machineries’, which are essential for guiding the fate and function of a variety of RNAs. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of POLIII-derived ncRNAs in the assembly and function of RNPs. We propose that these ncRNAs serve as scaffolding factors that `chaperone’ RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to form functional RNPs. In addition or associated with this role, some small ncRNAs act as molecular decoys impairing the RBP-guided control of RNA fate by competing with other RNA substrates. This suggests that POLIII-derived ncRNAs serve essential and conserved roles in the assembly of larger RNPs and thus the control of gene expression by indirectly guiding the fate of mRNAs and lncRNAs.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Regulation of Expression and Function of the Estrogen Receptor

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2162
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Hamed Shoorei ◽  
Marcel E. Dinger ◽  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Estrogen Regulation ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Function ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Estrogen receptors (ERs) comprise several nuclear and membrane-bound receptors with different tissue-specific functions. ERα and ERβ are two nuclear members of this family, whereas G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), ER-X, and Gq-coupled membrane estrogen receptor (Gq-mER) are membrane-bound G protein-coupled proteins. ERα participates in the development and function of several body organs such as the reproductive system, brain, heart and musculoskeletal systems. ERβ has a highly tissue-specific expression pattern, particularly in the female reproductive system, and exerts tumor-suppressive roles in some tissues. Recent studies have revealed functional links between both nuclear and membrane-bound ERs and non-coding RNAs. Several oncogenic lncRNAs and miRNAs have been shown to exert their effects through the modulation of the expression of ERs. Moreover, treatment with estradiol has been shown to alter the malignant behavior of cancer cells through functional axes composed of non-coding RNAs and ERs. The interaction between ERs and non-coding RNAs has functional relevance in several human pathologies associated with estrogen regulation, such as cancers, intervertebral disc degeneration, coronary heart disease and diabetes. In the current review, we summarize scientific literature on the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs on ER-associated signaling and related disorders.

The role of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in plant responses to abiotic stresses

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wang ◽  
Yanfei Ding ◽  
Chong Cai ◽  
Zhixiang Chen ◽  
Cheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Zinc Finger Proteins ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
C2h2 Zinc Finger

scholarly journals Regulation of Adaptive Tumor Immunity by Non-Coding RNAs

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5651
Author(s):  
Eleftheria Papaioannou ◽  
María del Pilar González-Molina ◽  
Ana M. Prieto-Muñoz ◽  
Laura Gámez-Reche ◽  
Alicia González-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Function

Cancer immunology research has mainly focused on the role of protein-coding genes in regulating immune responses to tumors. However, despite more than 70% of the human genome is transcribed, less than 2% encodes proteins. Many non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been identified as critical regulators of immune cell development and function, suggesting that they might play important roles in orchestrating immune responses against tumors. In this review, we summarize the scientific advances on the role of ncRNAs in regulating adaptive tumor immunity, and discuss their potential therapeutic value in the context of cancer immunotherapy.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Autophagy and LncRNAs to MYC-Driven Gene Regulatory Networks in Cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8527
Author(s):  
Leila Jahangiri ◽  
Perla Pucci ◽  
Tala Ishola ◽  
Ricky M. Trigg ◽  
John A. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Networks ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cancer Genomes ◽  
Mutual Regulation ◽  
Myc Gene ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MYC is a target of the Wnt signalling pathway and governs numerous cellular and developmental programmes hijacked in cancers. The amplification of MYC is a frequently occurring genetic alteration in cancer genomes, and this transcription factor is implicated in metabolic reprogramming, cell death, and angiogenesis in cancers. In this review, we analyse MYC gene networks in solid cancers. We investigate the interaction of MYC with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Furthermore, we investigate the role of MYC regulatory networks in inducing changes to cellular processes, including autophagy and mitophagy. Finally, we review the interaction and mutual regulation between MYC and lncRNAs, and autophagic processes and analyse these networks as unexplored areas of targeting and manipulation for therapeutic gain in MYC-driven malignancies.

scholarly journals Sophisticated Gene Regulation for a Complex Physiological System: The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Photoreceptor Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Carrella ◽  
Sandro Banfi ◽  
Marianthi Karali
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Function

Photoreceptors (PRs) are specialized neuroepithelial cells of the retina responsible for sensory transduction of light stimuli. In the highly structured vertebrate retina, PRs have a highly polarized modular structure to accommodate the demanding processes of phototransduction and the visual cycle. Because of their function, PRs are exposed to continuous cellular stress. PRs are therefore under pressure to maintain their function in defiance of constant environmental perturbation, besides being part of a highly sophisticated developmental process. All this translates into the need for tightly regulated and responsive molecular mechanisms that can reinforce transcriptional programs. It is commonly accepted that regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and in particular microRNAs (miRNAs), are not only involved but indeed central in conferring robustness and accuracy to developmental and physiological processes. Here we integrate recent findings on the role of regulatory ncRNAs (e.g., miRNAs, lncRNAs, circular RNAs, and antisense RNAs), and of their contribution to PR pathophysiology. We also outline the therapeutic implications of translational studies that harness ncRNAs to prevent PR degeneration and promote their survival and function.

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