High Myopia and Its Associated Factors in JPHC-NEXT Eye Study: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

The increasing prevalence of high myopia has been noted. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics and the related factors of high myopia in a Japanese adult population. Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study for the Next Generation (JPHC-NEXT) Eye Study was performed in Chikusei-city, a rural area in mid-east Japan, between 2013 and 2015. A cross-sectional observational analysis was conducted to investigate prevalence and related factors of high myopia. A total of 6101 participants aged ≥40 years without a history of ocular surgeries was included. High myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent refraction of ≤−6.00 diopters according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Potential high myopia-related factors included intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal structure, corneal endothelial cell density, age, height, body mass index, heart rate, blood pressure, biochemical profile, and current history of systemic and ocular disorders. The odds ratios of high myopia were estimated using the logistic regression models adjusted for the associated factors. The prevalence of high myopia was 3.8% in males and 5.9% in females with a significant difference. Age was inversely associated, IOP was positively associated, and none of other factors were associated with high myopia in both sexes. In conclusion, only age and IOP were associated with high myopia in this community-based sample.

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High myopia and its associated factors in JPHC-NEXT Eye Study: a cross-sectional observational study

10.21203/rs.2.1754/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kiwako Mori ◽

Toshihide Kurihara ◽

Miki Uchino ◽

Hidemasa Torii ◽

Motoko Kawashima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

High Myopia ◽

Adult Population ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background The increasing prevalence of high myopia has already been noted. It is important to know the factors associated with high myopia to prevent complications. In the present study, we investigated the epidemiological characteristics of high myopia and determine its related factors among a Japanese adult population. Methods JPHC-NEXT Eye Study was performed in Chikusei-city, located in a rural area in mid-east Japan in 2013-2015. A cross-sectional observational analysis was conducted to investigate prevalence and related factors of high myopia through this study. A total of 6,101 participants aged ≥40 years who have no history of ocular surgeries were included in this study. High myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent refraction of ≤ -6.00 diopters (D) based on the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Potential high myopia-related factors included intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal structure, corneal endothelial cell density, age, height, body mass index, heart rate, blood pressure, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), total cholesterol (T cholesterol), triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol), blood glucose (glucose), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), creatinine, and current history of systemic and ocular disorders. The odds ratios of high myopia associated with these factors were estimated using the logistic regression models adjusted for the associated factors. Results The prevalence of high myopia was 3.8% among the men and 5.9% among the women with a significant difference. Age was inversely associated with high myopia. We also found a positive association between IOP and high myopia. Other factors were not associated with high myopia for either men or women. Conclusions In this community-based sample, age was inversely, and IOP was positively associated with high myopia in both the men and the women.

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Prevalence of Depressive Disorders and Associated Factors among Adult Population of Dubai 2019

Dubai Medical Journal ◽

10.1159/000518811 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Mona Abdullatif ◽

Sobya Farooq ◽

Ayesha Altheeb ◽

Fidaa Rishmawi ◽

Hana Jaradat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Adult Population ◽

World Health ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

World Health Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Programs ◽

History Of

Background: Globally, depressive disorders are one of the leading causes of ill mental health and disability affecting about 1 in 4 people at some point in their lives. Population-level data on depressive disorders in the region are sparse yet essential for health sectors. This is the first population estimate for the prevalence of depressive disorders and associated factors in Dubai. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depressive disorders and the associated factors among adults aged ≥18 years in the Emirate of Dubai 2019. Method: This is a complex-design cross-sectional population survey targeting Dubai residents aged ≥18 years. This study was part of the Dubai Household Survey 2019 (DHHS-2019). The total number of participants was 2,244, with a response rate of 91.6%. The design was a 2-stage stratified cluster sample. Trained investigators conducted computer-assisted face-to-face interviews using the World Health Survey questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) screening. Analysis was design-based adjusting for weight, primary sampling unit, and stratum. Results: The overall prevalence of depressive disorders was 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6%–3.4%). Screening revealed 1.9% (95% CI: 1.2%–2.9%) of participants were positive for depressive disorders, with no prior diagnosis constituting approximately 74% of the depressed. Factors associated with depression were adjusted using logistic regression and revealed significantly higher odds of depressive disorders among the following: unmarried (single, divorced, and widowed) comparing to married (odds ratio [OR]: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2–6.3) and smokers than nonsmokers (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.4–8.0). Employment was found to be a protective factor and reduced the odds of having depressive disorders by 80% comparing to unemployed (OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7). Moreover, those suffering from health conditions had higher odds for having depressive disorders, such as chest pain (OR: 20.2, 95% CI: 5.5–74.8), history of tuberculosis (TB) (OR: 12.6, 95% CI: 2.1–76.8), and history of stroke (OR: 22.5, 95% CI: 6.8–74.2). Conclusion: The prevalence of depressive disorders was relatively low in Dubai compared to most countries. However, approximately 74% of individuals with depression were undiagnosed, indicating the need for screening programs. The odds of having depressive disorders were significantly higher among unmarried, unemployed, smokers, and those with a history of TB and stroke.

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Postpartum Depression and Its Associated Factors among Women in Bandar Abbas City

International Electronic Journal of Medicine ◽

10.31661/iejm621 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Arefeh Shahi

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Parental Education ◽

Unwanted Pregnancy ◽

Routine Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Bandar Abbas

Background: Postpartum depression with a different incidence of 40- 45% in different societies, which it has adverse effects on the health of mothers and their child, given the negative effects of maternal depression and its harmful effects on the baby and the quality of family life. So, this study was performed with the aim to determine postpartum depression and its associated factors in Bandar Abbas city. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 after obtaining consent from mothers by the census. A total of 343 mothers was examined for depression who referred to Bandar Abbas health centers in the 2nd and 4th months after childbirth. The data collection tools included demographic information and Postpartum Depression Edinburgh questionnaires. Finally, the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 22.0) software and data were analyzed using the Independent t-test, Mann Whitney, Chi-square, and Fisher exact tests.Result: Totally, 68 (19.8%) of samples were in the second month and 54 (15.7%) in the fourth month after delivery had postpartum depression. The incidence of depression in the four months was 6.6%. There was a significant difference between depression and income, parental education, father’s use of cigarette and abnormalities of the infant (P <0.001). There was no significant difference between other factors such as gestational age, infant sex, birth weight, unwanted pregnancy, and type of delivery. Conclusion: Regarding the prevalence of this disorder, it seems that postpartum depression screening planning should be considered during child routine care as an essential component, especially for vulnerable groups.

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Safety climate and related factors in rehabilitation nurses of hospitals in Iran

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-203368 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Javad vatani ◽

Zahra Khanikosarkhizi ◽

Mohammad Ali Shahabi Rabori ◽

mohammad khandan ◽

Mohsen aminizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Safety Climate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Climate Assessment ◽

Safety Work ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Training Courses ◽

The Individual

BACKGROUND: Safety climate is a common insight of staff that indicates individuals’ attitudes toward safety and priority of safety at work. OBJECTIVES: Nursing is a risky job where paying attention to safety is crucial. The assessment of the safety climate is one of the methods to measure the safety conditions in this occupation. The aim of this study was to assess the safety climate of rehabilitation nurses working in hospitals in Tehran. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out on 140 rehabilitation nurses selected from all hospitals and clinics in Tehran in 2019. To collect the required data, a two-section questionnaire was used. The first section was related to demographic factors and the second part (22 statements) was to measure the safety climate using nurses’ safety climate assessment questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS V16 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test at the 5% level. RESULTS: Findings showed that the total mean of safety climate was 3.06±0.56. According to the results, a significant difference was found between the positive and negative satisfaction of nurses with safety climates (P-value = 0.03), communication with nurses (P-value = 0.01) and supervisors’ attitude (P-value = 0.02). Furthermore, a significant difference in safety climate between the individual with the second job and the individual without second could be observed (P-value = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the safety climate was not at an acceptable level. Thus, it is essential to introduce safety training courses (e.g. safety, work-rest balance, and so on) and to improve the safety performance at work.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia among Muslim Students, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study

INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing ◽

10.1177/00469580211013476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 004695802110134

Author(s):

Chutima Rattanawan ◽

Suraiya Cheloh ◽

Asma Maimahad ◽

Malatee Tayeh

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Economic Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Age ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Anemia is a global public health problem. The prevalence of anemia among different ages, genders or ethnic groups must be clarified in order to solve problems. This study proposed to determine the prevalence and factors related to anemia among the Muslim school-age population in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. Socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from 200 school-age subjects. The thalassemia screening was performed with KKU-OF and KKU-DCIP reagents. The prevalence of anemia in this study was 36.5%, divided into males and females, 33.3% and 39.1%, respectively. The means of Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, and MCHC in the anemic group were significantly lower. The positive results for KKU-OF or KKU-DCIP or both were 15.0%, 2.5%, and 1.0%, respectively. The result of positive OF test was a significantly independent factor for anemia. The number of family members was 5 to 7 and more than 7 persons are related factors for anemia in this study. In summary, the contribution of thalassemia and socio-economic factor are associated factors to anemia in this population. These findings should be addressed in public health strategies for the control of anemia of school-aged Muslims in the region.

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Assessment of alcohol use disorder and its associated factors among alcohol users of medical and surgical outpatients attending a specialized hospital in Gondar, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Mental Health Systems ◽

10.1186/s13033-021-00454-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Demeke Demilew ◽

Berhanu Boru ◽

Getachew Tesfaw ◽

Habtamu Kerebih ◽

Endalamaw Salelew

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Male Sex

Abstract Background Alcohol use disorder increase the risk of physical harm, mental or social consequences for patients and others in the community. Studies on alcohol use disorder and associated factors among medical and surgical outpatients in Ethiopia are limited. Therefore, this study is meant to provide essential data on alcohol use disorder and associated factors among alcohol user medical and surgical outpatients to intervene in the future. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted by using the systematic random sampling technique. Alcohol use disorders were assessed using the World Health Organization’s 10-item Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, a P-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant in the multivariate analysis and the strength of association was measured at a 95% confidence interval. Results The prevalence of alcohol use disorder was 34.5% with a 95% CI (29.20, 39.80) among study participants. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, male sex (AOR = 3.33, 95%CI: 1.40, 7.93), history of mental illness (AOR = 2.68, 95%CI: 1.12, 6.38), drinking for relaxation (AOR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.02, 3.48) and history of lifetime tobacco use (AOR = 5.64, 95%CI: 1.95, 16.29) were factors significantly associated with alcohol use disorder. Conclusion The prevalence of alcohol use disorders among medical and surgical outpatients was found to be high. Male sex, history of mental illness, alcohol use for relaxation and lifetime cigarette smoking need more attention during the assessment of patients in the medical and surgical outpatient departments.

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Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Factors among Indonesian Adolescents

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1155/2020/4262034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Andra Kurnianto ◽

Deni Kurniadi Sunjaya ◽

Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan ◽

Dany Hilmanto

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Family History ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Equation Model ◽

Behavior Changes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension

Background. Given that hypertension in adulthood has its onset in childhood, it is not surprising that the prevalence of hypertension among adolescents has also increased in recent years. However, there are limited data on the prevalence of hypertension and also the new AAP guideline has not yet been applied to the Indonesian adolescent population. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension using the new AAP guideline and to assess the occurrence of its associated factors among Indonesian adolescents. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at twelve senior high schools in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia, from June to December 2019. The study included adolescents aged 13 to 18 years old. Anthropometric measurements were obtained. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors most associated with hypertension among adolescents, and then an equation model was created. The prevalence of hypertension was evaluated, together with several factors such as age group, sex, ethnicity, family history of hypertension, nutritional status, physical activity, perceived stress, sleep duration, nutritional intake, and smoking. Results. In total, 1200 adolescents aged 15.9 ± 0.99 years were evaluated. The prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure among adolescents was 8% and 12.2%, respectively. There were significant associations between sex, family history of hypertension, hypertensive father, nutritional status, physical activity, perceived stress, and hypertension among Indonesian adolescents (p<0.05). Stress was the most powerful risk factor of hypertension with an odds ratio of 5.83 (95% confidence interval 2.91–11.6). Conclusions. Nowadays, the prevalence of hypertension among Indonesian adolescents is quite high. This may be caused by lifestyle or behavior changes among adolescents. Sex, family history of hypertension, nutritional status, physical activity, and perceived stress influenced the 27% hypertension prevalence rate among Indonesian adolescents, particularly in Palembang, South Sumatera. In order to decrease the prevalence of hypertension in adults, concern about lifestyle or behavior changes and hypertension among adolescents should be given.

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The Epidemiological Characteristics of Late-Onset Hypogonadism in Chinese Middle-Aged and Elderly Men: Two Cross-Sectional Studies in the Same Community

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988320977991 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 155798832097799

Author(s):

Shan-Jie Zhou ◽

Ming-Jia Zhao ◽

Yi-Hong Yang ◽

Di Guan ◽

Zhi-Guang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Onset ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cutoff Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

Late Onset Hypogonadism ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted at 5-year intervals in community-dwelling men living in the same area. A total of 1472 (Study 1, S1) and 944 (Study 2, S2) men aged 40–69 years old were recruited as subjects. Subjects were evaluated through combining serum reproductive hormone levels with the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males (ADAM) questionnaire and the Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) scale. A significant difference was found in mean testosterone deficiency (TD) prevalence between S1 and S2, using either serum total testosterone (TT; 14.02% vs. 6.36%) or serum calculated free testosterone (cFT; 43.69% vs. 16.53%) cutoff values. According to the S1 or S2 data, the mean prevalence of LOH was 37.85%/15.47% in the positive ADAM test and 15.42%/9.43% in the positive AMS test ( p < .01). According to classifications of TD based on gonadal status, the prevalence of secondary TD (27.34%) was higher than the primary (16.36%) and compensated (15.42%) TD in S1 ( p < .01). However, there were significant differences among the prevalence of primary (6.89%), secondary (9.64%), and compensated (27.65%) TD in S2 ( p < .05). Different types of testosterone levels, TD cutoff values, and questionnaires influenced the prevalence of TD and LOH. The serum FT cutoff value was an optimal threshold for evaluating and diagnosing TD and LOH, whose prevalence increased gradually with male aging.

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Epidemiological Characteristics of Sport-Related Concussion in Athletes of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Muay Thai

Neurology ◽

10.1212/01.wnl.0000801952.77967.51 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 98 (1 Supplement 1) ◽

pp. S23.1-S23

Author(s):

Carlos Pinheiro ◽

Francisca Taciane Nascimento Sousa

Keyword(s):

Close Contact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Report ◽

Combat Sports ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Brazilian Sample ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

History Of ◽

The Moment ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

ObjectiveTo evaluate the self-reported history of concussion in athletes of both Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) and Muay Thai.BackgroundCombat sports are widely practiced around the world. They include modalities that involves punches or kicks directed at the opponent's head (Striking sports) or that consists of grabbing an opponent and taking him to the ground (Grappling sports). Due to the objectives and close contact in combat sports, the risk of concussion is significant.Design/MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study involving a Brazilian sample of BJJ athletes (n-18) and Muay Thai athletes (n-22). The sample was consisted of both professional and amateur athletes (Women constituted 20% of sample). Through individual interviews with a researcher the following data were collected: self-report of concussion and the moment of the injury (whether in practice or in the fight). The Post-Concussion Symptoms Scale (PCSS) was also applied. In the present study, a concussion was considered as a direct impact on the head followed by symptoms. This study was approved by a local Ethics Committee.ResultsAmong BJJ athletes, 61% reported a history of concussion, while among Muay Thai athletes the percentage was more higher (86%). The main mechanisms of head impact were the throw/takedown and elbow-hits to the head in BJJ and punches and knee-hits to the head in Muay Thai. There was no difference in the symptom score between BJJ and Muay Thai concussed athletes (average of 11 vs 10.7, respectively). The most common symptoms were dizziness, headache and nausea in BJJ athletes, and headache, nausea, drowsiness and brain fogginess in Muay Thai ones.ConclusionsThe results presented herein suggest that concussions in Muay Thai and BJJ occur through different mechanisms. The clinical profile of post-concussion symptoms appears to be different between BJJ and Muay Thai athletes.

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A Cross-Sectional Study to Compare Differences on Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Children with Seropositive and Seronegative Lupus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1113288/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shima Salehi ◽

Rozita Hosseini Shamsabadi ◽

Hassan Otukesh ◽

Reza Shiari ◽

Monir Sharafi

Keyword(s):

Autoimmune Disease ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Rapid Identification ◽

The Body ◽

Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of

Abstract Background: Lupus is an inflammatory and autoimmune disease that involves various tissues and organs of the body. Identification of diagnostic elements to rapid identification of seronegative lupus cases is very important in order to prevent morbidity and progression of disease. This study aimed to compare clinical and laboratory findings of seropositive cases with seronegative lupus patients. Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was performed on 43 children (17 seronegative and 26 seropositive) with lupus who were admitted to Ali Asghar Hospital during 2007-2017. Seropositive patients had anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) titration >1/80, while seronegative patients had ANA titration <1/80 (at the time of disease diagnosis). Clinical and laboratory findings were compared between two groups.Results: Serositis in patients with ANA- was significantly higher than ANA+ (41.17% vs. 23.07%; p = 0.042). ANA- group had higher autoimmune disease history than ANA+ group (42.85% vs. 15.0%; p = 0.041). The family history of the disease in the ANA- group was greater than ANA+ group (50% vs. 23.52%). The percentage of hypertensive patients in ANA- group was higher than ANA+ group (52.94% vs. 26.92%; p = 0.037). Neurologic symptoms in ANA+ and ANA- groups were 38.46% and 17.64%, respectively (p = 0.043). The frequency of patients with thrombocytopenia in ANA+ group was significantly greater than ANA- group (32% vs. 12.5%; p=0.041). There was no significant difference in other clinical and laboratory findings between two groups. Conclusion: Seronegative lupus patients had higher percentage of musculoskeletal symptoms, autoimmune disease history, familial history of disease, and hypertension, while neurological and thrombocytopenia symptoms were higher in seropositive patients compared to seronegative cases. Therefore, evaluation of these factors can be helpful to diagnosis of seronegative patients.

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