scholarly journals Saliva Diagnosis as a Disease Predictor

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick L McGeer ◽  
Moonhee Lee ◽  
Krista Kennedy ◽  
Edith G McGeer
Keyword(s):  
Essential Gene ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Saliva Analysis ◽  
Life Measurement

Background: Saliva, the most readily available body fluid, is the product of genes which are in constant activity throughout life. Measurement of saliva can predict the onset of some diseases years before their accumulation in vulnerable tissues causes clinical signs to appear. The purpose of this study was is to demonstrate current applications of saliva analysis and to predict and prevent disease progression. Methods: We measured levels of Abeta42, C-reactive proteins (CRPs), and tumornecrosis factors (TNFs) in saliva from both healthy and fatal diseased cases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and coronary heart disease by ELISA-mediated techniques. We also immunostained human tissue sections with antibodies specific to these proteins to demonstrate the data are comparable. Results: We found all the proteins expressed constantly in saliva from healthy controls but increased in diseased cases. This was accompanied by data from immunohistochemistry. It was also found that these proteins wereexpressed in high amounts in some healthy controls, which reflects high risk for the onset of diseases such as AD and heart diseases.Conclusions: It is concluded that measuring changes in essential gene products in saliva can predict onset of fatal diseases and open the door to effective protection measures, thus preventing premature death.

CRYAB modulates the activation of CD4+ T cells from relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 1867-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Que Lan Quach ◽  
Luanne M Metz ◽  
Jenna C Thomas ◽  
Jonathan B Rothbard ◽  
Lawrence Steinman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Suppression of activation of pathogenic CD4+ T cells is a potential therapeutic intervention in multiple sclerosis (MS). We previously showed that a small heat shock protein, CRYAB, reduced T cell proliferation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and clinical signs of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, a model of MS. Objective: We assessed whether the ability of CRYAB to reduce the activation of T cells translated to the human disease. Methods: CD4+ T cells from healthy controls and volunteers with MS were activated in vitro in the presence or absence of a CRYAB peptide (residues 73–92). Parameters of activation (proliferation rate, cytokine secretion) and tolerance (anergy, activation-induced cell death, microRNAs) were evaluated. Results: The secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by CD4+ T cells was decreased in the presence of CRYAB in a subset of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) participants with mild disease severity while no changes were observed in healthy controls. Further, there was a correlation for higher levels of miR181a microRNA, a marker upregulated in tolerant CD8+ T cells, in CD4+ T cells of MS patients that displayed suppressed cytokine production (responders). Conclusion: CRYAB may be capable of suppressing the activation of CD4+ T cells from a subset of RRMS patients who appear to have less disability but similar age and disease duration.

scholarly journals Frontal release signs and cognition in people with schizophrenia, their siblings and healthy controls

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Hyde ◽  
Terry E. Goldberg ◽  
Michael F. Egan ◽  
Marc C. Lener ◽  
Daniel R. Weinberger
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Schizophrenia Group ◽  
Frontal Lobe Function ◽  
Perseverative Errors ◽  
Healthy Control

BackgroundFrontal release signs, a subset of neurological soft signs, are common in schizophrenia.AimsTo explore the relationship between frontal release signs and neuropsychological tests of frontal lobe function in people with schizophrenia, their siblings and healthy controls.MethodNeuropsychological tests and frontal release signs were measured in a cohort of index cases (n=302), their siblings (n=240) and healthy controls (n=346).ResultsThe mean total score of frontal release signs was 1.5 (s.d. = 1.58) in the schizophrenia group, 0.54 (s.d.=0.92) for siblings and 0.42 (s.d.=0.77) for controls. Schizophrenia group scores were greater than healthy control or sibling cohort scores (P < 0.0001), which did not differ. In all three cohorts, right grasp reflex scores positively correlated with number of perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sort Task (P<0.05). In the schizophrenia group, frontal release signs scores showed an inverse correlation with IQ (R = −0.199, P<0.0005).ConclusionsOur findings of relationships between frontal release signs and cognitive assays of cortical dysfunction and the increased frequency of these signs in people with schizophrenia implicate a cortical origin for these clinical signs and evidence of frontal lobe dysfunction in this disorder.

scholarly journals YhdJ, a Nonessential CcrM-Like DNA Methyltransferase of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (11) ◽  
pp. 4325-4327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Broadbent ◽  
Roberto Balbontin ◽  
Josep Casadesus ◽  
Martin G. Marinus ◽  
Marjan van der Woude
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Essential Gene ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dna Adenine Methyltransferase

ABSTRACT The Caulobacter crescentus DNA adenine methyltransferase CcrM and its homologs in the α-Proteobacteria are essential for viability. CcrM is 34% identical to the yhdJ gene products of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. This study provides evidence that the E. coli yhdJ gene encodes a DNA adenine methyltransferase. In contrast to an earlier report, however, we show that yhdJ is not an essential gene in either E. coli or S. enterica.

Association of Survivin Gene Polymorphism With Endometrial Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Zahedi ◽  
Soheila Aminimoghaddam ◽  
Forough A. Sayahpour ◽  
Vahid Haghpanah ◽  
Parvin Amiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Survivin Gene ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Apoptosis Protein ◽  
Polymerase Chain

ObjectiveSurvivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, which is up-regulated in endometrial cancer (EC). A promoter region polymorphism (−31G/C) in the survivin gene has been reported as a modulator of gene expression. The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of survivin −31G/C polymorphism in tumor tissues from patients with EC in an Iranian population compared to that of healthy controls.Materials and MethodsParaffin-embedded tissue sections from patients diagnosed with EC (n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 30) were examined. Genotyping for survivin −31G/C polymorphism was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).ResultsThe presence of allele C was found to be significantly increased in EC tissues compared to the healthy tissues (GG vs GC + CC, P = 0. 01; OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.1–11.9).ConclusionOur data are in keeping with a previous finding regarding the role of survivin gene polymorphism in malignancies. This finding highlights the role of survivin in pathogenesis of various carcinomas, which might have therapeutic implications.

scholarly journals A suppressor of an RNA polymerase II mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a subunit common to RNA polymerases I, II, and III.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 6123-6131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Archambault ◽  
K T Schappert ◽  
J D Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Essential Gene ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Temperature Sensitive Mutation

RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is a complex multisubunit enzyme responsible for the synthesis of pre-mRNA in eucaryotes. The enzyme is made of two large subunits associated with at least eight smaller polypeptides, some of which are common to all three RNA polymerase species. We have initiated a genetic analysis of RNAPII by introducing mutations in RPO21, the gene encoding the largest subunit of RNAPII in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have used a yeast genomic library to isolate plasmids that can suppress a temperature-sensitive mutation in RPO21 (rpo21-4), with the goal of identifying gene products that interact with the largest subunit of RNAPII. We found that increased expression of wild-type RPO26, a single-copy, essential gene encoding a 155-amino-acid subunit common to RNAPI, RNAPII, and RNAPIII, suppressed the rpo21-4 temperature-sensitive mutation. Mutations were constructed in vitro that resulted in single amino acid changes in the carboxy-terminal portion of the RPO26 gene product. One temperature-sensitive mutation, as well as some mutations that did not by themselves generate a phenotype, were lethal in combination with rpo21-4. These results support the idea that the RPO26 and RPO21 gene products interact.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorder in children and adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis – a Norwegian cross sectional multicenter study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Fischer ◽  
Marit Slåttelid Skeie ◽  
Karen Rosendahl ◽  
Karin Tylleskär ◽  
Stein Atle Lie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Jaw Movement

Abstract Background. Children and adolescents with JIA may suffer pain from temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and routines for the assessment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain for the health and dental care are lacking. The aims were to examine the prevalence of TMD in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) as compared to their healthy peers and to examine potential associations between JIA and TMD.Methods. This comparative cross-sectional study is part of a longitudinal multicenter study performed during 2015 - 2020, including 228 children and adolescents aged 4-16 years, with a diagnosis of JIA according to the ILAR criteria. This sub-study draws on a subset of data from the first study visit, including assessments of TMD as part of a broader oral health examination. Participants with JIA were matched with healthy controls according to gender, age, and center site. Calibrated examiners performed the clinical oral examinations according to a standardized protocol, including shortened versions of diagnostic criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) and the former EuroTMJoint Recommendations for Clinical TMJ Assessment in Patients Diagnosed with JIA. Symptoms were recorded and followed by a clinical examination assessing the masticatory muscles and TMJ`s.Results. In our cohort of 221 participants with JIA and corresponding controls, 88 participants with JIA (39.8%) and 25 (11.3%) controls revealed TMD based on symptoms and clinical signs. Painful TMD during the last 30 days was reported in 59 (26.7%) participants with JIA vs. 10 (5.0%) of the healthy controls (p<0.001). Vertical unassisted jaw movement was lower in JIA than in controls; mean 46.2 mm vs. 49.0 mm, respectively (p <0.001). Among participants with JIA, a higher proportion of those using synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic-drugs (sDMARDs) and biologic (bDMARDs) presented with painful masticatory muscle and TMJs at palpation.Conclusion. Symptoms or clinical signs of TMD were seen in approximately half of the JIA patients compared to about one fourth of their healthy peers. Painful palpation to masticatory muscles and decreased vertical unassisted jaw movement were more frequent in participants with JIA than among healthy controls and should be part of both medical and dental routine examinations in JIA.

Assessing quality of life in older horses

UK-Vet Equine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
Jo Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Geriatric Medicine ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Preventive Health Care ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Life Measurement ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Quality Of Life Measurement

The equine population is ageing and equine geriatric medicine is a growing field. With increasing horse age, both the frequency of veterinary attention and the provision of several preventive health care measures are reduced. Moreover, owners appear to under-recognise several prevalent age-associated diseases, often considering clinical signs as normal signs of ageing. There is a high burden of chronic disease within the geriatric equine population, which may have a detrimental effect on quality of life. In the absence of a validated equine quality of life measurement scale, this review highlights factors and domains that should be evaluated in a comprehensive assessment of the quality of life in older horses. The potential benefits of assessing quality of life as a routine component of veterinary care for older horses are also summarised.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis of Lightning and Surge Protection Devices for Power Energy Structures

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Hsun Liu ◽  
Yirga Muna ◽  
Yu-Tung Chen ◽  
Cheng-Chien Kuo ◽  
Hung-Yi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Annual Cost Saving

This paper studies the risk data and protection measurements of lightning based on the IEC62305 standard. In addition, Visual Basic (VB) is used to build a lightning risk calculation program with a Graphical User Interface (GUI). The data structure, including environment data, line data, zone data, economic data, and protection measures is designed to simulate risk of loss of human life (R1) and risk of loss of economic value (R4). To achieve the most economical protection structure design, additional protection measurements and annual savings are considered. In the practical application, the main purpose is to discuss effective protection distances of surge protective devices (SPDs) for low-voltage power distribution. This paper takes advantage of Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) to simulate the voltage of equipment with different types of loads and length of the cable. After using the protection measures, the value of risk of human life reduces form 21.299 × 10−5 to 0.439 × 10−5 and the value of risk of economic value reduces from 2696.754 × 10−5 to 98.062 × 10−5. The results mean that the protection measures let the values of the risk below the tolerance. By considering the annual cost saving. Assume the cost of protection measures, the interest rate, the depreciation rate, and the maintenance rate are 150,000 $, 4%, 5%, and 1%, respectively. The annual cost before using protective measures, the annual cost after using protective measures, the annual cost of protective measures, and the annual cost saving are $925,000, $33,635, $15,000 and $876,365, respectively. Consequently, it is feasible that the simulation result can provide users with great suggestions to choose the best installation location and achieve the most effective protection design.

scholarly journals Prevalence of temporomandibular disorder in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis – a Norwegian cross- sectional multicentre study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fischer ◽  
M. S. Skeie ◽  
K. Rosendahl ◽  
K. Tylleskär ◽  
S. Lie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Modifying

Abstract Background Children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) may suffer pain from temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Still, routines for the assessment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain in health and dental care are lacking. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of TMD in children and adolescents with JIA compared to their healthy peers and to investigate potential associations between JIA and TMD. Methods This comparative cross-sectional study is part of a longitudinal multicentre study performed during 2015–2020, including 228 children and adolescents aged 4–16 years with a diagnosis of JIA according to the ILAR criteria. This particular substudy draws on a subset of data from the first study visit, including assessments of TMD as part of a broader oral health examination. Children and adolescents with JIA were matched with healthy controls according to gender, age, and centre site. Five calibrated examiners performed the clinical oral examinations according to a standardised protocol, including shortened versions of the diagnostic criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) and the TMJaw Recommendations for Clinical TMJ Assessment in Patients Diagnosed with JIA. Symptoms were recorded and followed by a clinical examination assessing the masticatory muscles and TMJs. Results In our cohort of 221 participants with JIA and 221 healthy controls, 88 (39.8%) participants with JIA and 25 (11.3%) healthy controls presented with TMD based on symptoms and clinical signs. Painful TMD during the last 30 days was reported in 59 (26.7%) participants with JIA vs. 10 (5.0%) of the healthy controls (p <  0.001). Vertical unassisted jaw movement was lower in participants with JIA than in controls, with means of 46.2 mm vs. 49.0 mm, respectively (p <  0.001). Among participants with JIA, a higher proportion of those using synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic-drugs and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic-drugs presented with painful masticatory muscles and TMJs at palpation. Conclusion Symptoms and clinical signs of TMD were seen in approximately half of the JIA patients compared to about one fourth of their healthy peers. Painful palpation to masticatory muscles and decreased vertical unassisted jaw movement were more frequent in participants with JIA than among healthy controls and should be part of both medical and dental routine examinations in patients with JIA.

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