scholarly journals Design, Performance Evaluation and Field Test of a Water Jet Tool for ROV Trencher

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Ji-Hong Li ◽  
Mun-Jik Lee ◽  
Hyungjoo Kang ◽  
Min-Gyu Kim ◽  
Gun Rae Cho
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Tool Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Sea Trial

ROV trencher is a kind of ROV which trenches the sea floor using a specifically designed tool and buries the subsea cables and pipelines. According to the soil conditions, this trenching method can have two different types, one is mechanical cutting and the other one is water jetting. In this paper, we present a water jet tool design method for a 2500 m depth-rated ROV trencher. A series of CFD simulations and laboratory tests with one nozzle, and a ground test using 1:6 scale jetting arm model were carried out to derive and demonstrate the jetting tool design parameters. In October 2018, the constructed ROV trencher was put into the sea trial in the East Sea of Korea to evaluate its final performances. In addition, in December 2019, the trencher was applied in a construction site to bury subsea water pipelines near the Yogji Island in the Korea. Through these two field tests and operation, the trencher was demonstrated for both its operational capability and trenching performance. The main contribution of this paper is that it presents the entire design procedures of water jet tools, including CFD simulations, laboratory tests, field test with 1:6 scaled jetting tool, and the final prototype tool design. These consecutive procedures are carried out in order for us to set up sort of relationship between jetting angle, trench depth, trench speed, and jetting power, from which we can predict and evaluate the trenching performance of the prototype jetting tool.

scholarly journals A 1-Year Study of Endurance Runners: Training, Laboratory Tests, and Field Tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Galbraith ◽  
James Hopker ◽  
Marco Cardinale ◽  
Brian Cunniffe ◽  
Louis Passfield
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Endurance Runners

Purpose:To examine the training and concomitant changes in laboratory- and field-test performance of highly trained endurance runners.Methods:Fourteen highly trained male endurance runners (mean ± SD maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] 69.8 ± 6.3 mL · kg−1 · min−1) completed this 1-y training study commencing in April. During the study the runners undertook 5 laboratory tests of VO2max, lactate threshold (LT), and running economy and 9 field tests to determine critical speed (CS) and the modeled maximum distance performed above CS (D′). The data for different periods of the year were compared using repeated-measures ANOVA. The influence of training on laboratory- and field-test changes was analyzed by multiple regression.Results:Total training distance varied during the year and was lower in May–July (333 ± 206 km, P = .01) and July–August (339 ± 206 km, P = .02) than in the subsequent January–February period (474 ± 188 km). VO2max increased from the April baseline (4.7 ± 0.4 L/min) in October and January periods (5.0 ± 0.4 L/min, P ≤ .01). Other laboratory measures did not change. Runners’ CS was lowest in August (4.90 ± 0.32 m/s) and highest in February (4.99 ± 0.30 m/s, P = .02). Total training distance and the percentage of training time spent above LT velocity explained 33% of the variation in CS.Conclusion:Highly trained endurance runners achieve small but significant changes in VO2max and CS in a year. Increases in training distance and time above LT velocity were related to increases in CS.

scholarly journals Predicting the durability of zinc coatings based on laboratory and field tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Mark Kovalev ◽  
Ekaterina Alekseeva ◽  
Nikita Shaposhnikov ◽  
Anton Povyshev
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Thermal Diffusion ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Zinc Coatings ◽  
Salt Fog

Galvanizing is one of the most common methods of corrosion protection. For the deposition of zinc coatings used such methods as gas-thermal deposition, thermal diffusion saturation in powder, hot-dip galvanizing, cladding, and galvanic precipitating during electrolysis. The hot-dip galvanizing is the most common method, which is used in construction, automotive and other industries. Paper presents the results of research of zinc coatings used in sea conditions. The aim of the work was to determine an acceleration factor by comparing the corrosion rate in laboratory conditions with the data from field tests. Laboratory studies were carried out in a salt fog chamber. Samples were periodically removed from chamber to build the dependence of the corrosion rate on the exposure time. Field tests were carried out at the exploitation area. Result of the work is a guide that allows to predict the corrosion rates of zinc coatings using laboratory tests. The advantage of this test method is shorter time of exposure in comparison with field test.

LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTS WITH BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AGAINST THE DARK-SIDED CUTWORM, EUXOA MESSORIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), ON TOBACCO

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 941-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Euxoa Messoria ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractLaboratory tests were conducted to determine the susceptibility of the various larval stages of Euxoa messoria (Harris) in Ontario to four commercial preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner: Thuricide® 90TS, Thuricide®-HP, Biotrol® BTB 183, and Dipel. A field test was made to determine whether these preparations could be as effective as Dursban® (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) for control of this species when applied on the rye cover crop in spring.In laboratory tests first to third instar larvae that fed on rye leaves treated with all four B. thuringiensis preparations, were found to be susceptible regardless of the rates applied. Mortality of fourth to seventh instar larvae fed treated tobacco leaves was low. Thuricide 90TS and Biotrol BTB 183 as applied in the field for control of E. messoria populations were relatively ineffective as compared with Dursban.

scholarly journals Study on the Design Settlement of Over-Consolidated Clay for a Complex Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
Jiseong Kim ◽  
Eun-Sang Im ◽  
Sei-Yeon Kang ◽  
Gichun Kang
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Compression Index ◽  
The West ◽  
Ratio Measurement ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Settlement Ratio ◽  
Coast Region

The purpose of this study was to understand the consolidation settlement characteristics of the west coast, where overconsolidation has occurred, and to identify the problems of existing consolidation design through field tests and the re-evaluation of design parameters. The settlement ratio (measurement settlement/design settlement) obtained using the existing design method was calculated to be 56.0%; however, the settlement ratio obtained through the re-evaluation of the preconsolidation stress and compression index suggested in this study was 95.6-96.6%. It was applicable to the west coast region, where the condition of overconsolidation developed. In addition, the consolidation test curve of the low-plasticity silt ground in the west coast region showed a rounded curve with no clear inflection point. It was difficult to determine the preconsolidation stress when applying the Casagrande method, and it tended to be underestimated. Analysis showed that it is preferable to apply the compression index obtained from the compaction curve as it is, rather than to apply Schmertmann's modified compression index.

Up-flow roughing filtration: rehabilitation of a water treatment plant in Tarata, Bolivia

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Ingallinella ◽  
Luis María Stecca ◽  
Martin Wegelin
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Made In

This paper presents the methodology used for the rehabilitation of the pretreatment stage in a water treatment plant for a village located in Bolivia which has 3500 inhabitants. The treatment plant was initially composed by horizontal-flow roughing filters and slow sand filters, but due to the high contents of colloidal turbidity of the providing source, it did not work properly. A plan of rehabilitation was made which comprised laboratory tests, pilot tests and proposal of modifications based on the results of previous stages. The laboratory tests were made in order to find the optimum conditions to coagulate the raw water. It was found that horizontal-flow roughing filters must be turned into up-flow roughing filters, so a pilot plant was built and was operated for three months in order to find suitable design parameters. The results obtained obtained during the operation of the pilot plant and the proposal of modifications are presented. The results of operation of the final plant, which are also reported, demonstrated the advantages of the up-flow roughing filtration as a pretreatment stage when it is necessary to add chemical products in small treatment plants.

scholarly journals A modular design method based on TRIZ and AD and its application to cutter changing robot

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781402110343
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Yimin Xia ◽  
Lianhui Jia ◽  
Dujuan Wang ◽  
Zhiyong Ji
Keyword(s):  
Modular Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Shield Tunneling ◽  
Structural Hierarchy ◽  
And Performance

Modular design, Axiomatic design (AD) and Theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) have been increasingly popularized in concept design of modern mechanical product. Each method has their own advantages and drawbacks. The benefit of modular design is reducing the product design period, and AD has the capability of problem analysis, while TRIZ’s expertise is innovative idea generation. According to the complementarity of these three approaches, an innovative and systematic methodology is proposed to design big complex mechanical system. Firstly, the module partition is executed based on scenario decomposition. Then, the behavior attributes of modules are listed to find the design contradiction, including motion form, spatial constraints, and performance requirements. TRIZ tools are employed to deal with the contradictions between behavior attributes. The decomposition and mapping of functional requirements and design parameters are carried out to construct the structural hierarchy of each module. Then, modules are integrated considering the connections between each other. Finally, the operation steps in application scenario are designed in temporal and spatial dimensions. Design of cutter changing robot for shield tunneling machine is taken as an example to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Research on Improving the Durability of Bridge Pavement Using a High-Modulus Asphalt Mixture

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1449
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Wang ◽  
Shaochan Duan ◽  
Haoran Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Depth Prediction ◽  
Pavement Structure

In order to improve the durability of the asphalt pavement on a cement concrete bridge, this study investigated the effect of the modulus of the asphalt mixture at the bottom layer on the mechanical response of bridge pavement, along with a type of emerging bridge pavement structure. In addition, the design method and pavement performance of a high-modulus asphalt mixture were investigated using laboratory and field tests, and the life expectancy of the deck pavement structure was predicted based on the rutting deformation. The results showed that the application of a high-modulus asphalt mixture as the bottom asphalt layer decreased the stress level of the pavement structure. The new high-modulus asphalt mixture displayed excellent comprehensive performance, i.e., the dynamic stability reached 9632 times/mm and the fatigue life reached 1.65 million cycles. Based on the rutting depth prediction, using high-modulus mixtures for the bridge pavement prolonged the service life from the original 5 years to 10 years, which significantly enhanced the durability of the pavement structure. These research results could be of potential interest for practical applications in the construction industry.

scholarly journals A Two-Round Optimization Design Method for Aerostatic Spindles Considering the Fluid–Structure Interaction Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3017
Author(s):  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Siyu Gao ◽  
Lihua Lu ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
Feihu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Fluid Structure Interaction ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Aerostatic Spindle

The fluid–structure interaction (FSI) effect has a significant impact on the static and dynamic performance of aerostatic spindles, which should be fully considered when developing a new product. To enhance the overall performance of aerostatic spindles, a two-round optimization design method for aerostatic spindles considering the FSI effect is proposed in this article. An aerostatic spindle is optimized to elaborate the design procedure of the proposed method. In the first-round design, the geometrical parameters of the aerostatic bearing were optimized to improve its stiffness. Then, the key structural dimension of the aerostatic spindle is optimized in the second-round design to improve the natural frequency of the spindle. Finally, optimal design parameters are acquired and experimentally verified. This research guides the optimal design of aerostatic spindles considering the FSI effect.

Research on the Optimal Design Method of the Main Components for the Wheelchair Pickup

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 799-802
Author(s):  
Ya Ping Wang ◽  
H.R. Shi ◽  
L. Gao ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
X.Y. Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Algorithm Optimization ◽  
Optimization Analysis ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Optimal Design Method ◽  
Main Components

With the increasing of the aging of population all over the world, and With the inconvenience coming from diseases and damage, there will be more and more people using the wheelchair as a tool for transport. When it cant be short of the wheelchair in the daily life, the addition of the function will bring the elevation of the quality of life for the unfortunate. Staring with this purpose, the research designs a pickup with planetary bevel gear for the wheelchair. After determining the basic function of the wheelchair aids, the study determines the design parameters by using the knowledge of parametric design and completes the model for the system with Pro/E, on the other hand, it completes key components optimization analysis which is based on genetic algorithm optimization.

Experimental Study on Quadruped Wheel Robot for Wheat Precision Seeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 693 ◽  
pp. 1651-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Bo Lin ◽  
Chui Jie Yi ◽  
Zun Min Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Orthogonal Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Machine ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Multiple Effort

The wheat precision seeding technology provided an advanced agricultural protection for the high yield of wheat. But the lack of an effective agricultural machine made this technology difficult to apply widely. In this paper a quadruped wheel robot to achieve the wheat precision seeding technology was designed. And experimental study was taken under different operating conditions. Because of multiple effort factors, a quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design method was applied in the experiments, and identifying the main factors by analysis. Then the field test was carried out according to the main factors. The experiment results showed that the qualified rates of seeding exceed 93% in different sowing speed. That reached the agronomic requirements of wheat precision seeding.

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