scholarly journals Functionalisation of Silicone by Drug-Embedded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Potential Applications in Otorhinolaryngology

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urban Ajdnik ◽  
Lidija Zemljič ◽  
Matej Bračič ◽  
Uroš Maver ◽  
Olivija Plohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Desorption Kinetics ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Tympanostomy Tubes ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Pre Treatment

Silicones are widely used medical materials that are also applied for tympanostomy tubes with a trending goal to functionalise the surface of the latter to enhance the healing of ear inflammations and other ear diseases, where such medical care is required. This study focuses on silicone surface treatment with various antimicrobial coatings. Polysaccharide coatings in the form of chitosan nanoparticles alone, or with an embedded drug mixture composed of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (co-amoxiclav) were prepared and applied onto silicone material. Plasma activation was also used as a pre-treatment for activation of the material’s surface for better adhesion of the coatings. The size of the nanoparticles was measured using the DLS method (Dynamic Light Scattering), stability of the dispersion was determined with zeta potential measurements, whilst the physicochemical properties of functionalised silicone materials were examined using the UV-Vis method (Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), XPS (X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). Moreover, in vitro drug release testing was used to follow the desorption kinetics and antimicrobial properties were tested by a bacterial cell count reduction assay using the standard gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The results show silicone materials as suitable materials for tympanostomy tubes, with the coating developed in this study showing excellent antimicrobial and biofilm inhibition properties. This implies a potential for better healing of ear inflammation, making the newly developed approach for the preparation of functionalised tympanostomy tubes promising for further testing towards clinical applications.

scholarly journals Lactoferrin/Calcium Phosphate-Modified Porous Ti by Biomimetic Mineralization: Effective Infection Prevention and Excellent Osteoinduction

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 992
Author(s):  
Song Chen ◽  
Yuanli He ◽  
Linna Zhong ◽  
Wenjia Xie ◽  
Yiyuan Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Biomimetic Mineralization ◽  
Matrix Mineralization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porous Ti ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Modification Of Titanium

The surface modification of titanium (Ti) can enhance the osseointegration and antibacterial properties of implants. In this study, we modified porous Ti discs with calcium phosphate (CaP) and different concentrations of Lactoferrin (LF) by biomimetic mineralization and examined their antibacterial effects and osteogenic bioactivity. Firstly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the fluorescent tracing method, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the releasing kinetics of LF were utilized to characterize the modified Ti surface. Then, the antibacterial properties against S. sanguis and S. aureus were investigated. Finally, in vitro cytological examination was performed, including evaluations of cell adhesion, cell differentiation, extracellular matrix mineralization, and cytotoxicity. The results showed that the porous Ti discs were successfully modified with CaP and LF, and that the LF-M group (200 μg/mL LF in simulated body fluid) could mildly release LF under control. Further, the LF-M group could effectively inhibit the adhesion and proliferation of S. sanguis and S. aureus and enhance the osteogenic differentiation in vitro with a good biocompatibility. Consequently, LF-M-modified Ti may have potential applications in the field of dental implants to promote osseointegration and prevent the occurrence of peri-implantitis.

scholarly journals Dual-Purpose Materials Based on Carbon Xerogel Microspheres (CXMs) for Delayed Release of Cannabidiol (CBD) and Subsequent Aflatoxin Removal

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3398
Author(s):  
Farid B. Cortés ◽  
Karol Zapata ◽  
Benjamín A. Rojano ◽  
Francisco Carrasco-Marín ◽  
Jaime Gallego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Desorption Kinetics ◽  
Type I ◽  
Carbon Xerogel ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Delayed Release ◽  
Kinetics Of

The main objective of this study is to develop a novel dual-purpose material based on carbon xerogel microspheres (CXMs) that permits the delayed release of cannabidiol (CBD) and the removal of aflatoxin. The CXMs were prepared by the sol-gel method and functionalized with phosphoric acid (CXMP) and melamine (CXMN). The support and the modified materials were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption at −196 °C, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and zeta potential. For the loading of the cannabidiol (CBD) in the porous samples, batch–mode adsorption experiments at 25 °C were performed, varying the concentration of CBD. The desorption kinetics was performed at two conditions for simulating the gastric (pH of 2.1) and intestinal (pH of 7.4) conditions at 37 °C based on in vitro CBD release. Posteriorly, the samples obtained after desorption were used to study aflatoxin removal, which was evaluated through adsorption experiments at pH = 7.4 and 37 °C. The adsorption isotherms of CBD showed a type I(b) behavior, with the adsorbed uptake being higher for the support than for the modified materials with P and N. Meanwhile, the desorption kinetics of CBD at gastric conditions indicated release values lower than 8%, and the remaining amount was desorbed at pH = 7.4 in three hours until reaching 100% based on the in vitro experiments. The results for aflatoxin showed total removal in less than 30 min for all the materials evaluated. This study opens a broader landscape in which to develop dual-purpose materials for the delayed release of CBD, improving its bioavailability and allowing aflatoxin removal in gastric conditions.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Properties of Triethoxysilylpropyl Succinic Anhydride Silane (TESPSA) on Titanium Dental Implants

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Judit Buxadera-Palomero ◽  
Maria Godoy-Gallardo ◽  
Meritxell Molmeneu ◽  
Miquel Punset ◽  
Francisco Javier Gil
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
Adhesion Assay ◽  
Vitro Effect

Infections related to dental implants are a common complication that can ultimately lead to implant failure, and thereby carries significant health and economic costs. In order to ward off these infections, this paper explores the immobilization of triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride (TESPSA, TSP) silane onto dental implants, and the interaction of two distinct monospecies biofilms and an oral plaque with the coated titanium samples. To this end, titanium disks from prior machining were first activated by a NaOH treatment and further functionalized with TESPSA silane. A porous sodium titanate surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirmed the presence of TESPSA on the titanium samples (8.4% for Ti–N-TSP). Furthermore, a lactate dehydrogenase assay concluded that TESPSA did not have a negative effect on the viability of human fibroblasts. Importantly, the in vitro effect of modified surfaces against Streptococcus sanguinis, Lactobacillus salivarius and oral plaque were studied using a viable bacterial adhesion assay. A significant reduction was achieved in all cases but, as expected, with different effectiveness against simple mono-species biofilm (ratio dead/live of 0.4) and complete oral biofilm (ratio dead/live of 0.6). Nevertheless, this approach holds a great potential to provide dental implants with antimicrobial properties.

Surface modification of chitosan film via polydopamine coating to promote biomineralization in bone tissue engineering

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Zhongxun Zhang ◽  
Huilin Lv ◽  
Yong Qin ◽  
Linhong Deng
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chitosan Film ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Potential Applications

Chitosan-based material has been widely used as bone substitute due to its good biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the hydrophobic surface of chitosan film constrains the osteogenesis mineralization in the process of bone regeneration. For this reason, we develop a novel polydopamine-modified chitosan film suitable for bone tissue engineering applications by a simple and feasible route in this study. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the process of surface modification. For comparison, surface wettability, the capacity of mineralization in vitro, and biocompatibility of the chitosan film and the polydopamine-modified chitosan film were assessed. Research results indicate that the polydopamine-modified chitosan film has good hydrophilicity. It is very evident that the polydopamine treatment significantly influences the biomineralization capacity of the chitosan-based substrates, which enhance the growth rate of apatite on the modified chitosan film. Besides, MC3T3-E1 osteoblast experiments demonstrate that the cells can adhere and grow well on the polydopamine-modified chitosan film. It is anticipated that this polydopamine-modified chitosan film, which can be prepared in large quantities simply, should have potential applications in bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Properties of Strontium Functionalized Titanium Surfaces for Oral Applications, A Systematic Review

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Hatem Alshammari ◽  
Fahad Bakitian ◽  
Jessica Neilands ◽  
Ole Zoffmann Andersen ◽  
Andreas Stavropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the current scientific evidence of the antimicrobial potential of strontium (Sr) when used to functionalize titanium (Ti) for oral applications. Out of an initial list of 1081 potentially relevant publications identified in three electronic databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane) up to 1 February 2021, nine publications based on in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria. The antimicrobial potential of Sr was investigated on different types of functionalized Ti substrates, employing different application methods. Nine studies reported on the early, i.e., 6–24 h, and two studies on the late, i.e., 7–28 days, antimicrobial effect of Sr, primarily against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and/or Escherichia coli (E. coli). Sr-modified samples demonstrated relevant early antimicrobial potential against S. aureus in three studies; only one of which presented statistical significance values, while the other two presented only the percentage of antimicrobial rate and biofilm inhibition. A relevant late biofilm inhibition potential against S. aureus of 40% and 10%—after 7 and 14 days, respectively—was reported in one study. Combining Sr with other metal ions, i.e., silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), and fluorine (F), demonstrated a significant antimicrobial effect and biofilm inhibition against both S. aureus and E. coli. Sr ion release within the first 24 h was generally low, i.e., below 50 µg/L and 0.6 ppm; however, sustained Sr ion release for up to 30 days, while maintaining up to 90% of its original content, was also demonstrated. Thus, in most studies included herein, Sr-functionalized Ti showed a limited immediate (i.e., 24 h) antimicrobial effect, likely due to a low Sr ion release; however, with an adequate Sr ion release, a relevant antimicrobial effect, as well as a biofilm inhibition potential against S. aureus—but not E. coli—was observed at both early and late timepoints. Future studies should assess the antimicrobial potential of Ti functionalized with Sr against multispecies biofilms associated with peri-implantitis.

Humanin Nanoparticles for Reducing Pathological Factors Characteristic of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aum Solanki ◽  
Rudy Smalling ◽  
Abraham H. Parola ◽  
Ilana Nathan ◽  
Roni Kasher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Potential Applications

Background: Humanin is a novel neuronal peptide that has displayed potential in the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease through the suppression of inflammatory IL-6 cytokine receptors. Such receptors are found throughout the body, including the eye, suggesting its other potential applications. Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developing world. There is no cure for this disease, and current treatments have several negative side effects associated with them, making finding other treatment options desirable. Objective: In this study, the potential applications in treating AMD for a more potent humanin derivative, AGA-HNG, were studied. Methods: AGA-HNG was synthesized and encapsulated in chitosan Nanoparticles (NPs), which were then characterized for their size, Encapsulation Efficiency (EE), and drug release. Their ability to suppress VEGF secretion and protect against oxidative apoptosis was studied in vitro using ARPE-19 cells. The chitosan NPs exhibited similar anti-VEGF properties and oxidative protection as the free protein while exhibiting superior pharmaceutical characteristics including biocompatibility and drug release. Results: Drug-loaded NPs exhibited a radius of 346nm with desirable pharmacokinetic properties including a stable surface charge (19.5 ± 3.7 mV) and steady drug release capacity. AGA-HNG showed great promise in mediating apoptosis in hypoxic cells. They were also able to significantly reduce VEGF expression in vitro with reduced cellular toxicity compared to the free drug. Conclusion: The ability of this drug delivery system to reduce retinal apoptosis with desirable pharmacokinetic and biocompatible properties makes this a promising therapeutic option for AMD.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Thermo-Stability and Anti-Bacterium Activity of Lysozyme by Immobilization on Chitosan Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Wang ◽  
Shangyong Li ◽  
Mengfei Jin ◽  
Qi Han ◽  
Songshen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Thermo Stability

The recent emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria requires the development of new antibiotics or new agents capable of enhancing antibiotic activity. Lysozyme degrades bacterial cell wall without involving antibiotic resistance and has become a new antibacterial strategy. However, direct use of native, active proteins in clinical settings is not practical as it is fragile under various conditions. In this study, lysozyme was integrated into chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) by the ionic gelation technique to obtain lysozyme immobilized chitosan nanoparticles (Lys-CS-NPs) and then characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed a small particle size (243.1 ± 2.1 nm) and positive zeta potential (22.8 ± 0.2 mV). The immobilization significantly enhanced the thermal stability and reusability of lysozyme. In addition, compared with free lysozyme, Lys-CS-NPs exhibited superb antibacterial properties according to the results of killing kinetics in vitro and measurement of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CS-NPs and Lys-CS-NPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). These results suggest that the integration of lysozyme into CS-NPs will create opportunities for the further potential applications of lysozyme as an anti-bacterium agent.

scholarly journals Antimicrobials from Medicinal Plants: An Emergent Strategy to Control Oral Biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4020
Author(s):  
Catarina Milho ◽  
Jani Silva ◽  
Rafaela Guimarães ◽  
Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira ◽  
Lillian Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition

Oral microbial biofilms, directly related to oral diseases, particularly caries and periodontitis, exhibit virulence factors that include acidification of the oral microenvironment and the formation of biofilm enriched with exopolysaccharides, characteristics and common mechanisms that, ultimately, justify the increase in antibiotics resistance. In this line, the search for natural products, mainly obtained through plants, and derived compounds with bioactive potential, endorse unique biological properties in the prevention of colonization, adhesion, and growth of oral bacteria. The present review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive view of the in vitro antibiofilm activity of various medicinal plants, revealing numerous species with antimicrobial properties, among which, twenty-four with biofilm inhibition/reduction percentages greater than 95%. In particular, the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf and Lippia alba (Mill.) seem to be the most promising in fighting microbial biofilm in Streptococcus mutans, given their high capacity to reduce biofilm at low concentrations.

scholarly journals Electrospun Composite Nanofibrous Materials Based on (Poly)-Phenol-Polysaccharide Formulations for Potential Wound Treatment

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Fras Zemljič ◽  
Uroš Maver ◽  
Tjaša Kraševac Glaser ◽  
Urban Bren ◽  
Maša Knez Hrnčič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Volume Porosity

In this paper, we focus on the preparation of electrospun composite nanofibrous materials based on (poly)-phenol-polysaccharide formulation. The prepared composite nanofibres are ideally suited as a controlled drug delivery system, especially for local treatment of different wounds, owing to their high surface and volume porosity and small fibre diameter. To evaluate the formulations, catechin and resveratrol were used as antioxidants. Both substances were embedded into chitosan particles, and further subjected to electrospinning. Formulations were characterized by determination of the particle size, encapsulation efficiency, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The electrospinning process was optimised through fine-tuning of the electrospinning solution and the electrospinning parameters. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the (nano)fibrous structure, while the successful incorporation of bio substances was assessed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The bioactive properties of the formed nanofibre -mats were evaluated by measuring the antioxidative efficiency and antimicrobial properties, followed by in vitro substance release tests. The prepared materials are bioactive, have antimicrobial and antioxidative properties and at the same time allow the release of the incorporated substances, which assures a promising use in medical applications, especially in wound care.

scholarly journals Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Influences on the Antimicrobial Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana B. P. Fúcio ◽  
Andréia B. de Paula ◽  
Janaina C. O. Sardi ◽  
Cristiane Duque ◽  
Lourenço Correr-Sobrinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fluoride Release ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Bacterial Accumulation ◽  
Biofilm Development

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and biofilm inhibition properties of glass ionomer restorative cements. Ketac Nano, Vitremer, Ketac Molar Easymix and Fuji IX were analyzed using the following tests: a) agar plate diffusion test to evaluate the inhibitory activity of cements against S. mutans (n=8); b) S. mutans adherence test by counting colony-forming units after 2 h of material/bacteria exposure (n=10); c) biofilm wet weight after seven days of bacterial accumulation on material disks, with growth medium renewed every 48 h (n=10); d) pH and fluoride measurements from the medium aspired at 48 h intervals during the 7-day biofilm development (n=10). Data from the a, b and c tests were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests and the fluoride-release and pH data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (a=5%). Vitremer followed by Ketac Nano showed the greatest inhibitory zone against S. mutans than the conventional ionomers. Vitremer also showed higher pH values than Ketac Nano and Fuji IX in the first 48 h and released higher fluoride amount than Ketac Nano e Ketac Molar Easymix throughout the experimental period. The chemical composition of restorative glass ionomer materials influenced the antibacterial properties. The resin modified glass ionomer (Vitremer) was more effective for inhibition of S. mutans and allowed greater neutralization of the pH in the first 48 h. However, the type of glass ionomer (resin modified or conventional) did not influence the weight and adherence of the biofilm and fluoride release.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document