scholarly journals Wear Behavior of Ductile Iron Wheel Material Used for Rail-Transit Vehicles under Dry Sliding Conditions

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2683
Author(s):  
Lifeng Tong ◽  
Qingchuan Zou ◽  
Jinchuan Jie ◽  
Tingju Li ◽  
Zhixin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Steel Wheel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wheel Material

A ductile iron wheel used for a rail-transit vehicle was treated with a recommended heat-treatment process. The ductile iron wheel after heat treatment was composed of graphite nodules and tempered sorbite with an area fraction of 98%. A friction test of the ductile iron and carbon steel wheel materials was systematically performed under different normal loads and sliding velocities. The results indicated that the wear mechanism of the ductile iron wheel changed from adhesion to abrasion with an increase in the normal load level. Adhesion was the main wear mechanism at different sliding velocities and normal load level. The impact of the normal load on the wear mechanism was greater than that of the sliding velocity. Since the ductile iron wheel material had excellent thermal property and higher carbon content, it exhibited a lower wear rate, a smaller difference value of the friction coefficient, and plastic deformation on the worn surface than those of the carbon steel wheel material. This indicates that ductile iron wheels may have a longer wear life, greater traction, and higher stability during operation than carbon steel wheels. The iron wheels have the potential for being applied in rail-transit vehicles.

The Influence of Boron on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Bainite Ductile Iron in the Step Austempering in Room Temperature Machine Oil

2010 ◽  
Vol 139-141 ◽  
pp. 235-238
Author(s):  
De Qiang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solute Drag ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the low alloy bainite ductile cast iron has been obtained by a new heat treatment technique of the step austempering in room-temperature machine oil. The effects of element boron, manganese and copper on structure and mechanical properties of the bainite ductile cast Iron in above-mentioned process are investigated. The phenomenon, hardness lag of the alloyed bainite ductile cast Iron, has been discussed. It shows that after the step austempering in room-temperature machine oil, the hardness will increases with the time. It is found that boron and manganese can increase the hardness and reduce the impact strength while copper can increase the impact strength. The results show that reasonable alloyed elements can improve mechanical properties of the bainite ductile cast Iron. Essentially, hardness lag of the alloyed bainite ductile cast Iron is resulted from solute drag-like effect.

Retained Austenite Control and Extra-Cryogenic Impact Toughness of Fe-3.0%Mn Low Carbon Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 993 ◽  
pp. 520-525
Author(s):  
Xiang Tao Deng ◽  
Xiao Lin Li ◽  
Long Huang ◽  
Zhao Dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Uniform Elongation ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Temperature Impact Toughness ◽  
The Impact

The control of the retained austenite in Fe-3.0%Mn Low carbon steel by a three-step intercritical heat treatment and the low-temperature impact toughness evolution during the process were analyzed in the present study. The results indicated that the microstructure consisted intercritical ferrite, martensite/bainite and retained austenite. The distribution of carbon and manganese could improve the stability of the austenite located at the grain boundaries of prior austenite and lath boundaries of martensite. For the TRIP effect of the austenite, the excellent plasticity and low temperature toughness was obtained. The impact toughness could reach 200 J (impact energy) at －80 °C during the three-step heat treatment, and the uniform elongation could exceed at 16%.

Study on Lining Board with Bimetal Liquid Composite Casting

2011 ◽  
Vol 317-319 ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou Fan Rong ◽  
Yong Chang Zhu ◽  
Chun Yan Shi ◽  
Chun Ying Tian ◽  
Feng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Chemical Constitution ◽  
Composite Casting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bimetal Composite

The effect of chemical constitution, casting technique and heat treatment parameters on microstructure, properties and wearing resistance of the bimetal composite were primarily researched by SEM, EDAX, TEM etc.. The results showed that the higher impact toughness at bimetal combination region than corresponding part of the high carbon steel was obtained. The impact toughness was 23J/cm2 and the hardness of resistant surface was HRC59. The high carbon steel region initiated the impact fracture, however its abrasion resistance was substantially improved over double than Mn13.

INFLUENCE OF QUENCHING AND TEMPERING HEAT TREATMENT ON TENSILE PROPERTIES AND TOUGHNESS OF COLD-DRAWN 0.12wt% C STEEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
O.A. Adefuye ◽  
◽  
Nurudeen A. Raji ◽  
R.O. Kuku ◽  
O.L. Fadipe
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Treated Steel ◽  
The Impact

Low carbon steel of 0.12 wt.% C steel cold drawn in 20, 25, 40, and 55% deformations of cold-drawn wires are characterised by brittle fracture when subjected to impact load because the process induces strain hardening. Experiments had been used extensively in industry to find the suitable heat treatment parameters for improved properties. The 0.12 wt.% C steel was heated to the region of austenite and hold for 30 minutes and 40 minutes for comparison, then rapidly cooled SAE 10W-40 engine oil followed by tempering at 400 deg. C. The yield strength of the drawn 25%, 40% and 55% steel reduce. The tensile strength reduces drastically for all the degree of cold-drawn steel. This was as a result of the dissolution of the steel carbon contents into the ferrite phase when heated above the AC1 temperature range and the tendency of the grain to grow due to prolong heating above recrystallisation temperature range. The impact toughness of the samples improves for the treated steel at 30 minutes duration of tempering reduces below the impact toughness of the non-treated steel for treatment at 40 minutes tempering duration for all the cold drawn steel. The toughness is also found to reduce with increasing cold drawn deformation and reduction rate tends to reduce with increasing cold-drawing. This procedure of heat treatment is extensively used for improving the toughness and hardness of the carbon steel. The study demonstrated the possibility of predicting the tensile and yield strength of 0.12 %wt. C steel. The correlation relationship established that the interdependence of the strength and the hardness is more reliable at low tempering duration of 30 minutes compared with the duration at 40 minutes

Drehen von ausferritischem Gusseisen*/Turning of austempered ductile iron - How the cutting edge geometry impacts wear mechanism and machining result

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 754-760
Author(s):  
J. Hartig ◽  
B. Kirsch ◽  
M. Zimmermann ◽  
J. C. Prof. Aurich
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Edge Geometry ◽  
Cutting Edge Preparation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Edge Preparation

Unpräparierte Schneiden führen aufgrund mangelnder Stabilität zu unregelmäßigem Verschleißverhalten und geringen Werkzeugstandzeiten. Dem wirkt eine Stabilisierung der Schneide mittels Schneidkantenpräparation entgegen. In diesem Fachbeitrag wurde der Einfluss unterschiedlich präparierter Schneiden von Hartmetall-Wendeschneidplatten auf die Werkzeugstandzeit und das Prozessergebnis beim Außenlängs-Runddrehen von ausferritischem Gusseisen (ADI) 900 untersucht.   Unprepared cutting edges are subject to irregular wear progress and poor tool life. In contrast, cutting edge preparation provokes a stabilization of the cutting edge. This article investigates the impact of different preparations of tungsten carbide indexable inserts on tool life and machining results when turning austempered ductile iron (ADI) 900.

Research on Substitution of Molybdenum by Manganese in Low Alloyed Bainite Ductile Iron

2011 ◽  
Vol 299-300 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
De Qiang Wei ◽  
Ke Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

The low alloyed bainite ductile iron is obtained by alloying and austempering in room-temperature machine oil. The microstructure is investigated. The mechanical properties are discussed. In general, the number of white-bright zones and segregation is increasing with the increasing in the content of Mn, but the impact toughness is decreased. Therefore, the content of Mn is no more than 0.5 wt.%. The microstructure of bainite, martensite and a little retained austenite in the matrix of the ductile iron was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The hardness and impact toughness of the ductile iron subjected to heat-treatment are 54~56 HRC and 14.2 J/cm2, respectively. The substitution of 0.3~0.5wt.% Mo by 0.7~1.0 wt.% Mn can be realized in the bainite ductile iron.

INFLUENCE THE QUENCHING AND TEMPERING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS, OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Sattar H A Alfatlawi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

One of ways to improve properties of materials without changing the product shape toobtain the desired engineering applications is heating and cooling under effect of controlledsequence of heat treatment. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofheating and cooling on the surface roughness, microstructure and some selected propertiessuch as the hardness and impact strength of Medium Carbon Steel which treated at differenttypes of heat treatment processes. Heat treatment achieved in this work was respectively,heating, quenching and tempering. The specimens were heated to 850°C and left for 45minutes inside the furnace as a holding time at that temperature, then quenching process wasperformed in four types of quenching media (still air, cold water (2°C), oil and polymersolution), respectively. Thereafter, the samples were tempered at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°Cwith one hour as a soaking time for each temperature, then were all cooled by still air. Whenthe heat treatment process was completed, the surface roughness, hardness, impact strengthand microstructure tests were performed. The results showed a change and clearimprovement of surface roughness, mechanical properties and microstructure afterquenching was achieved, as well as the change that took place due to the increasingtoughness and ductility by reducing of brittleness of samples.

Microstructural and Mechanical Behaviour Evaluation of Mg-Al-Zn Alloy Friction Stir Welded Joint

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 8150-8159
Author(s):  
Kulwant Singh ◽  
Gurbhinder Singh ◽  
Harmeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
The Impact

The weight reduction concept is most effective to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from vehicles, which also improves fuel efficiency. Amongst lightweight materials, magnesium alloys are attractive to the automotive sector as a structural material. Welding feasibility of magnesium alloys acts as an influential role in its usage for lightweight prospects. Friction stir welding (FSW) is an appropriate technique as compared to other welding techniques to join magnesium alloys. Field of friction stir welding is emerging in the current scenario. The friction stir welding technique has been selected to weld AZ91 magnesium alloys in the current research work. The microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the produced FSW butt joints have been investigated. Further, the influence of post welding heat treatment (at 260 °C for 1 h) on these properties has also been examined. Post welding heat treatment (PWHT) resulted in the improvement of the grain structure of weld zones which affected the mechanical performance of the joints. After heat treatment, the tensile strength and elongation of the joint increased by 12.6 % and 31.9 % respectively. It is proven that after PWHT, the microhardness of the stir zone reduced and a comparatively smoothened microhardness profile of the FSW joint obtained. No considerable variation in the location of the tensile fracture was witnessed after PWHT. The results show that the impact toughness of the weld joints further decreases after post welding heat treatment.

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