scholarly journals Desorption from Hot Scandate Cathodes: Effects on Vacuum Device Interior Surfaces after Long-Term Operation

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5149
Author(s):  
Mujan N. Seif ◽  
T. John Balk ◽  
Matthew J. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Term Operation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Thermionic Cathodes ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Vacuum Device ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Scandate Cathode ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Insight Into

Scandate cathodes have exhibited superior emission properties compared to current state-of-the-art “M-type” thermionic cathodes. However, their integration into vacuum devices is limited in part by a lack of knowledge regarding their functional lifespan and behavior during operation. Here, we consider thermal desorption from scandate cathodes by examining the distribution of material deposited on interior surfaces of a sealed vacuum device after ~26,000 h of cathode operation. XPS, EDS, and TEM analyses indicate that on the order of 1 wt.% of the initial impregnate is desorbed during a cathode’s lifetime, Ca does not desorb uniformly with time, and little to no Sc desorbs from the cathode surfaces (or does so at an undetectable rate). Findings from this first-ever study of a scandate cathode after extremely long-time operation yield insight into the utility of scandate cathodes as components in vacuum devices and suggest possible effects on device performance due to deposition of desorption products on interior device surfaces.

scholarly journals Effect of applied voltage on membrane fouling in the amplifying anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactor for long-term operation

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (50) ◽  
pp. 31364-31372
Author(s):  
Mengjing Cao ◽  
Yongxiang Zhang ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Long Time

A novel and amplifying anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactor was constructed and operated for a long time (204 days) with synthetic glucose solution having an average chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 315 mg L−1, at different applied voltages and room temperatures.

scholarly journals Üzleti intelligencia megoldások alkalmazásának sikertényezői - A hazai szolgáltató szektor nagyvállalatainak körében végzett mélyinterjús kutatás

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Gergely Görcsi ◽  
Gergő Barta ◽  
Zsuzsanna Széles
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Support Functions ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Success Criteria ◽  
The World ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

A vállalatok működése szempontjából a döntéstámogató funkció folyamatos fejlesztése, monitorozása kiemelt jelentőségű, hiszen az vezetést támogató eszközként segíti a menedzsmentfeladatok ellátását. Az üzleti intelligencia (business intelligence, BI) olyan infokommunikációs megoldás, mely a vállalati rendszerekből különböző adatforrásokat felhasználva képes az adatok összekapcsolására és elemzésére. A napi üzletmenet gördülékeny biztosítása céljából alkalmazott tranzakciós rendszerektől eltérően a BI-eszközök beszámolás orientáltak, a fókusz a döntéstámogatásra helyeződik. A kutatás a fogalmak tisztázását követően képet ad a legfrissebb üzleti intelligencia trendekről. A tanulmány szakmai mélyinterjúk elemzésén keresztül betekintést nyújt az üzleti intelligencia megoldások világába. A kutatás eredményeként az olvasó képet kaphat a BI bevezetésétől várt eredményekről, az implementáció és a hosszú távú működtetés sikerkritériumait illetően. --- Gergely GORCSI - Gergo BARTA - Zsuzsanna SZELES Success criteria for the application of business intelligence solutions In the running of any given company, continuous improvement and monitoring of decision support functions is crucial for such activities to serve as tools to support management tasks. Business Intelligence (BI) is an infocommunication tool that connects and analyses data from corporate systems using varied data sources. Unlike transactional systems that are used to ensure the sound operation of day-to-day business, BI tools are report-oriented, and focus on decision support. Reviewing related concepts, this research gives an overview of the latest business intelligence trends. Our study sets out to provide an insight into the world of business intelligence solutions by analysing professional, in-depth interviews. Through our research, one will become familiar with the results expected from the introduction of BI, in relation to the success criteria of its implementation and long-term operation.

New Horizons Observations of the Atmosphere of Pluto

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Randall Gladstone ◽  
Leslie A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Radiation Processing ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Current State ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Average State

New Horizons data provide a snapshot of the current state of Pluto's atmosphere. Winds are slow and mostly controlled by sublimation of surface ices. Molecular nitrogen is the primary constituent below 1,800 km, while methane and carbon monoxide are important minor species. Photolysis of these gases leads to a thin haze that encompasses Pluto from the surface up to >500-km altitude and is important in heating and cooling the atmosphere. A cold (∼70 K) upper atmosphere curtails the escape of Pluto's molecular nitrogen to space, although there is substantial escape of methane (∼5 × 1025 molecules s−1), coincidentally about equal to its loss by photochemistry. It is unknown if the current atmosphere is representative of its long-term average state. From the inferred rapid rate of haze settling, it seems that Pluto's atmosphere must occasionally undergo collapse to allow time for radiation processing of the colorless haze material into the dark deposits found on the surface. ▪ This article outlines what has been gleaned about Pluto's atmosphere in the years since the New Horizons flyby. ▪ Pluto's atmosphere is most similar to Titan's—with the photochemistry of supervolatile nitrogen and hydrocarbons resulting in a kind of factory for cold haze production. ▪ Much has been learned about Pluto's atmosphere, but many new questions have arisen, and these will likely remain unanswered until there is a follow-up mission—no doubt a long time from now.

The long-term evolution project

1985 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carusi ◽  
L. Kresák ◽  
E. Perozzi ◽  
G.B. Valsecchi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Astronomical Institute ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe Long-Term Evolution Project (LTEP), realized in collaboration by the IAS-Reparto di Planetologia (Rome, Italy) and the Astronomical Institute of SAV (Bratislava, Czechoslovakia), has been developed with the aim of giving a general insight into the dynamical evolution of short-period comets. The motion of all the known short-period comets has been investigated over a long time span (over 800 years) taking care, as far as possible, to eliminate the sources of possible discrepancies within the computations. An internally consistent data-set and an atlas of orbital evolutions are the first outputs of this project. The main characteristics of the LTEP are discussed, together with some general remarks on its importance for cometary studies, its limitations and the future developments.

Change in residual limb size over time in the NU-FlexSIV socket: A case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-625
Author(s):  
Stefania Fatone ◽  
Jessica Yohay ◽  
Ryan Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

Background: This case study represented a unique opportunity wherein a long-time user of sub-ischial sockets had kept nearly every socket he wore for a decade. This individual let us borrow these sockets so we could digitize them and indirectly assess change in residual limb size over time by calculating changes in socket volume and circumferences over time. Case Description and Methods: Over a decade, the subject maintained a relatively stable body weight of 84–88 kg and received nine sub-ischial sockets. The internal surface of each socket was scanned using a mechanical digitizer and volume and circumferences calculated. Findings and Outcomes: Socket volume increased 31.3%, from a low of 2659.2 cm3 for the oldest socket to a high of 3490.6 cm3 for the most recent socket. Proximal circumferences increased more than distal circumferences with a 15.9% total increase proximally versus 8.9% total increase distally. Discussion and Conclusion: The results suggest that this individual’s residual limb increased in size over time despite the compressive effect of the socket and liner. In addition, the increase in circumference was greater proximally than distally, which is where the remaining muscle bellies are located. Clinical relevance This case study provides insight into the long-term effect of the sub-ischial socket on residual limb volume given compression of the soft tissues by the socket system.

Characteristic of Crystallite Sizes and Lattice Deformations Changes in the Oxide Layer Formed on Steel Operated for a Long Time at an Elevated Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 203-204 ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Gwoździk
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Crystallite Sizes

The paper presents results of studies on the phase composition, crystallite sizes and lattice deformations of oxide layers formed during a long-term operation on X10CrMoVNb9-1 steel. Test specimens were taken from a live steam pipeline operated at 535°C for 70,000 hours. X-ray studies were carried out on the tube outside surface (on the flue gas side), then the layer’s surface was polished and the diffraction measurements repeated to reveal differences in the originated oxides layer. X-ray phase analysis was performed using a SEIFFERT 3003 T/T X-ray diffractometer, with a cobalt tube of λCo= 0.17902nm wavelength. crystallographic database were used for the phase identification.

scholarly journals Predicting Long-term Disability in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Weinstock-Guttman ◽  
Maria Pia Sormani ◽  
Pavle Repovic
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The ability to reliably monitor disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is integral to patient care. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is a commonly used tool to assess the disability status of patients with MS; however, it has limited sensitivity in detecting subtle changes in disability levels and, as a result, does not consistently provide clinicians with accurate insight into disease progression. At the 2019 European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis meeting in Stockholm, Sweden, a panel of neurologists met to discuss the limitations of the EDSS as a short-term predictor of MS progression. Prior to this panel discussion, a targeted literature review was conducted to evaluate published evidence on prognostic measures such as fatigue, physical assessments, and measures that are more taxing for patients, all of which may be useful to clinicians at different stages of the course of MS. This article summarizes currently available evidence in support of these measures. In addition, this article highlights the current state of expert clinical consensus regarding the current approaches used to predict and monitor disease progression and offers insight for future studies to assist clinicians in accurately monitoring disease progression in patients with MS.

scholarly journals Rice Breeding in Vietnam: Retrospects, Challenges and Prospects

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Tran Dang Khanh ◽  
Vu Xuan Duong ◽  
Phi Cong Nguyen ◽  
Tran Dang Xuan ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Trung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Long Time ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Historical Times ◽  
Relative Resources ◽  
Insight Into

Rice breeding was conducted for a long time during historical times and is an important job in Vietnam because rice is the major food for domestic consumption and export. In this review, we have provided a comprehensive insight into the importance of promising rice germplasm resources, breeding achievements, and breeding approaches as well as discussed challenges and perspectives of rice breeding in this country. With rice germplasm and wild rice relative resources with rich and various genetic diversity, their useful genes and traits have been exploited and integrated into commercial varieties as the final outputs of rice breeding programs. New achievements of the modern genetics era have been approached and effectively contributed to breeding activities in this country. Genome sequences, molecular breeding, and mutation are powerful tools and playing vital roles in developing new varieties with characteristics of interest that should be followed by the current market demands. In the last decades, there has been a plethora of newly generated varieties by Vietnamese scientists and rice breeders and approved by the state authorities. However, very few domestic mega varieties have prevailed over the imported varieties. Therefore, rice breeding in this country is faced with big challenges, including limitations of backgrounds, budgets, and even talents in basic research to compete with other rice-producing countries. The target goals and long-term approaches for rice breeding should be paid explicitly in priority to ensure national food security and the advantage and development of rice breeding in this country.

Ambulatory Monitoring of Daily Voice Use

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Hillman ◽  
Daryush D. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Vocal Behavior ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Vocal Function ◽  
Current State ◽  
Voice Use ◽  
Insight Into

Many common voice disorders are chronic or recurring conditions likely to result from faulty and/or abusive patterns of vocal behavior. Such behaviorally based disorders can be difficult to assess accurately in the clinical setting and potentially could be much better characterized by long-term ambulatory monitoring of vocal function as individuals engage in their typical daily activities. Ambulatory monitoring also could provide new insight into the actual role of voice use in common disorders and missing quantitative data on what constitutes normal levels of daily voice use for different groups of individuals, activities, and occupations. This report describes the motivation, previous development efforts, current state-of-the-art technology, and future directions in ambulatory monitoring of voice use.

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