scholarly journals Characterization of a Coproduct from the Sea Cucumber Cucumaria frondosa and Its Effects on Visceral Adipocyte Size in Male Wistar Rats

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Alan Ramalho ◽  
Nadine Leblanc ◽  
Marie-Gil Fortin ◽  
André Marette ◽  
André Tchernof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa ◽  
The Impact

Sea cucumbers have been shown to have potential health benefits and are a rich source of several bioactive compounds, particularly triterpenoid saponins. However, most studies concentrate on the body wall, and little is known about the health effects of the coproducts. The objectives of this study were to determine the nutritional composition of a coproduct from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa and the effects of the dietary consumption of this coproduct on cardiometabolic health in rats. Chemical, biochemical, and nutritional analyses were performed to characterize this coproduct. Forty (40) male Wistar rats were then equally divided into four groups and fed a purified control diet or a diet enriched with 0.5%, 1.5%, or 2.5% (by protein) of coproduct. After 28 days of feeding, the rats were sacrificed. Body and tissue weight, body composition, epididymal adipocyte diameter, plasma and hepatic lipids, glycemia, and insulinemia were measured at the end of the 28-day experiment. Analysis of the coproduct revealed high levels of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, minerals, and saponins. The 1.5% group had significantly smaller epididymal adipocytes vs. the control. We conclude that dietary administration of this sea cucumber coproduct at 1.5% doses decreases visceral adiposity, potentially decreasing the risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction. The coproduct’s saponin content may contribute to the observed effects, but the impact of other components cannot be ruled out.

scholarly journals Northern Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa): A Potential Candidate for Functional Food, Nutraceutical, and Pharmaceutical Sector

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Hossain ◽  
Deepika Dave ◽  
Fereidoon Shahidi
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa

Sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) is the most abundant and widely distributed species in the cold waters of North Atlantic Ocean. C. frondosa contains a wide range of bioactive compounds, mainly collagen, cerebrosides, glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate, saponins, phenols, and mucopolysaccharides, which demonstrate unique biological and pharmacological properties. In particular, the body wall of this marine invertebrate is the major edible part and contains most of the active constituents, mainly polysaccharides and collagen, which exhibit numerous biological activities, including anticancer, anti-hypertensive, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-coagulation, antimicrobial, antioxidation, and anti- osteoclastogenic properties. In particular, triterpene glycosides (frondoside A and other) are the most researched group of compounds due to their potential anticancer activity. This review summarizes the latest information on C. frondosa, mainly geographical distribution, landings specific to Canadian coastlines, processing, commercial products, trade market, bioactive compounds, and potential health benefits in the context of functional foods and nutraceuticals.

scholarly journals Impact of Vanadium Complexes Treatment on the Oxidative Stress Factors in Wistar Rats Plasma

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Francik ◽  
M. Krośniak ◽  
M. Barlik ◽  
A. Kudła ◽  
R. Gryboś ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vanadium Complexes ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of vanadium complexes on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (Chol), uric acid (UA), urea (U), and antioxidant parameters: nonenzymatic (FRAP—ferric reducing ability of plasma, and reduced glutathione—GSH) and enzymatic (glutathione peroxidase—GPx, catalase—CAT, and GPx/CAT ratio) activity in the plasma of healthy male Wistar rats. Three vanadium complexes: [VO(bpy)2]SO4⋅2H2O, [VO(4,4′Me2bpy)2]SO4⋅2H2O, and Na[VO(O2)2(bpy)]⋅8H2O are administered by gavage during 5 weeks in two different diets such as control (C) and high fatty (F) diets. Changes of biochemical and antioxidants parameters are measured in plasma. All three vanadium complexes statistically decrease the body mass growth in comparison to the control and fatty diet. In plasma GSH was statistically increased in all vanadium complexes-treated rats from control and fatty group in comparison to only control group. Calculated GPX/CAT ratio was the highest in the control group in comparison to others.

The Effect of Exposure Process of Toluene To The Spermatogonia Cell a Rattus Strain Wistar

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilyas Iqbal ◽  
Muchtaruddin Mansyur ◽  
Pudji Sari ◽  
Dwi Anita Suryandari ◽  
Pramudianto
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
A Cells ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Toluene Exposure ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

Intoduction: Acute and chronic exposure to toluene at high doses is known to affect all organs of the body including the spermatogenesis process. In the industrial sector, the use of toluene as a solvent is still widely used, up to 10 million tons per year. The control over health problems that may occur is carried out by applying work exposure threshold values. This research aims to explore the effect of toluene exposure at the threshold value range on spermatogenesis.Method: This research used laboratory experiment on 30 male Wistar rats which were divided into five groups of different exposure levels, namely 12.5 parts per million (ppm], 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and no exposure (control). Exposure was given for 4 hours daily over 14 days through a hood with measured release in the glass cage. The toluene exposure markers observed were Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood tissue and testicles using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method. The effect on the spermatogenicity process was assessed by counting the spermatogonia A cells of male Wistar rats with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining and is calculated by the Abercrombie formula. Analysis of the correlation between the level of exposure and its effect on the increase in malondialdehyde, and spermatogenesis was carried out using the Spearman correlation analysis.Result: There was a moderately positive correlation between levels of toluene exposure and plasma MDA levels (r = 0.42; p = 0.025). Meanwhile, on [the issue of] the quantity of spermatogonia cells, a high level of negative correlation with exposure levels was obtained (r = -0.68; p = 0.001).Conclusion: Toluene exposure in male Wistar rats within the range of threshold values influenced the increase in plasma MDA levels and decreased the Spermatogenia A cells. However, toluene exposure did not affect the testicular MDA levels of male Wistar rats.

Evaluation of Neuroendocrine and Immunological Parameters in Animals Following Chronic Combined Exposure to Xenobiotics

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
AI Smolyagin ◽  
IV Mikhaylova ◽  
EV Ermolina ◽  
AA Stadnikov ◽  
VM Boev
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Combined Exposure ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Apoptotic Protein ◽  
Occupational Setting ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Ifn Γ

Background: A high prevalence of chromium and benzene compounds in the environment associated with motor vehicle and industrial operations arouses interest in the study of these xenobiotics in a long-term experiment. The objective of this work was to analyze effects of a chronic combined exposure to chromium and benzene on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) and immune systems of male Wistar rats. Materials and methods: Eighty male Wistar rats were administered potassium dichromate and benzene with drinking water in doses equaling one maximum permissible concentration (MPC) during 135 days. The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, thymus, and spleen were then studied using morphometric, histological, and electron microscopy methods. The streptavidin-biotin peroxidase method was used to determine the expression of pro-apoptotic protein p53 and anti-apoptotic protein bcl2. We also measured the body, thymus and spleen weights of animals, nucleated cell counts in the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow and evaluated the cellular composition of the spleen and bone marrow as well as spontaneous and concanavalin A-induced secretion of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokines by splenocytes. Results: We established an adverse effect of the exposure on the HPA function expressed in the activation of its secretory activity, blocking the release of hypothalamic neuropeptides at the level of the neurohypophysis and leading to ultrastructural damage to the neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus, pituitary adenocytes and adrenal cortical cells, as well as in an increase in the programmed death of thymocytes. We also observed a decrease in the thymus weight and thymocyte counts and a complex of structural and functional changes indicating the status of its accidental involution in the exposed rats. The revealed decrease in the splenocyte count in the experimental group was accompanied by an increase in the size of the white spleen pulp. An increase in the induced production of the main immunoregulatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4 by splenocytes was found. Conclusion: Our findings can be used to analyze impairments of the HPA and immune systems in workers with a chronic combined exposure to benzene and chromium compounds in the occupational setting.

scholarly journals Microscopic and biochemical changes on liver and kidney of Wistar rats on combination antiretroviral therapy: the impact of naringenin and quercetin

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-608
Author(s):  
Edidiong Nnamso Akang ◽  
Olufunke O Dosumu ◽  
Ini-ibehe Essien Okoko ◽  
Oluwatomisin Faniyan ◽  
Ademola A Oremosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), which is a lifelong therapy for people living with human immunodeficiency virus, has been associated with nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity leading to its discontinuation. This study aimed at investigating the ameliorative potential of naringenin and quercetin on cART-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Seventy male Wistar rats (225–260 g) were divided into seven groups as control, cART, naringenin, quercetin, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), naringenin/cART (CN) and quercetin/cART (CQ). cART (24 mg/kg), naringenin (50 mg/kg) and quercetin (50 mg/kg) were dissolved in 1% v/v DMSO and administered orally for 56 days. Combination of cART and bioflavonoids had significant increase in superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05), catalase (P < 0.01), reduced glutathione (P < 0.001) and decreased malondialdehyde (P < 0.001) compared to cART only. Tumor necrosis factor Alpha (TNFα) level increased significantly in cART and CQ (P < 0.01) groups, while others showed no significant changes compared to control. TNFα also significantly decreased in CQ level compared to cART (P < 0.001). In addition, significant increase in creatinine level in cART only indicated progressive renal toxicity. Also, progressive pathological changes including congested blood vessels and hepatocellular necrosis were found in the liver, while the kidney had glomerular atrophy, and tubular distortion in cART-only group. Control, naringenin- and quercetin-treated groups showed normal renal and hepatic cytoarchitecture. These findings elucidate that progressive renal and hepatic toxicity is associated with the continuous use of cART; however, a combination of quercetin and naringenin with cART showed possible potential of ameliorating the damages posed by cART.

scholarly journals Cell-Free DNA Plasma Levels Differ in Age-Specific Pattern in Healthy Rats and Castrates with Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Vasilyeva ◽  
V. G. Bespalov ◽  
J. D. Von ◽  
A. L. Semenov ◽  
G. V. Tochilnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Old Rats

The purpose of this work was to study changes in the level of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the blood of young and old rats in the normal state and with induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups—young (3 months), old (20 months), intact, or with testosterone-induced BPH. Groups with BPH were subjected to surgical castration and administration of testosterone esters at a dose of 25 mg/kg for a total of 7 injections for 20 days. In intact animals, the level of cfDNA in old rats (2.00±0.14 ng/μl) was significantly higher than that in the young (1.02±0.30 ng/μl). The body and the prostate weights of old rats were 1.6 and 1.4 times larger than those of the young, without an increase in the prostate index (PI). The testosterone level in the blood of young rats was 1.6 times higher than that of old (6.20±0.93 nmol/l vs. 3.77±0.55 nmol/l; NS). In animals with BPH, the level of cfDNA in old rats (3.14±0.76 ng/μl) was significantly higher than that in young rats (0.80±0.14 ng/μl). The body and the prostate weights in old rats were 1.8 and 2.3 times larger, than those in young rats, with an increase in the PI. The level of testosterone in the blood of young (15.76±0.51 nmol/l) and old (16.99±1.1 nmol/l) rats was not significantly different. Morphological signs of BPH were observed in the prostate of both young and old rats. During the induction of BPH in the experiment, according to the level of cfDNA, cell death processes have not changed significantly in young rats but significantly increased in old rats. A similar trend was observed in the group of intact animals. The obtained data indicate that apoptosis processes are enhanced during the development of BPH despite the growth of tissues in the prostate itself.

Effect of dietary magnesium on atrial natriuretic peptide release

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (5) ◽  
pp. H1353-H1357
Author(s):  
N. L. Wong ◽  
D. C. Hu ◽  
E. F. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Peptide Release ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Plasma Magnesium ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Magnesium is the second most abundant divalent ion in the body, but the effects of this cation on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release have not been examined. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of magnesium on ANP secretion. Experiments were conducted in six groups of male Wistar rats. Each group was assigned a diet containing a different amount of magnesium. Plasma magnesium was 0.42 +/- 0.01, 0.63 +/- 0.01, 0.75 +/- 0.02, 0.97 +/- 0.03, 1.03 +/- 0.01, and 1.19 +/- 0.01 mM in groups I, II, III, IV, V, and VI, respectively. Plasma ANP concentration was significantly higher in the hypermagnesemic animals and significantly lower in the hypomagnesemic rats. A significant positive correlation was found between plasma magnesium and plasma ANP levels (y = 88 + 23 chi; r = 0.46; P less than 0.01). ANP concentration in the atria was lower in hypomagnesemic rats and higher in hypermagnesemic rats. This suggests that the low concentrations of ANP found in the plasma of hypomagnesemic animals were due to the lack of ANP in the atria. The atria from the various groups were isolated and perfused in a modified Langendorff apparatus to measure the rate of ANP secretion. Our results showed that the hypomagnesemic rats have a lower release rate as opposed to that seen in hypermagnesemic animals. A significant correlation was also seen between ANP secretion and tissue ANP concentration. The higher rate of ANP release from the heart of hypermagnesemic animals was due to the presence of more ANP, which was reduced during hypomagnesemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Studies on the toxicological effect of the aqueous extract of the fresh, dried and boiled berries of Solanum aculeastrum Dunal in male Wistar rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 765-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
OM Aboyade ◽  
MT Yakubu ◽  
DS Grierson ◽  
AJ Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

The toxicological effect of the aqueous extract of fresh, dried and boiled berries of Solanum aculeastrum Dunal at 1, 10 and 25 mg/kg body weight was investigated in male Wistar rats for 28 days. The parameters used were the body weight of the animals and absolute weights of the organs, haematological parameters, renal and liver functional endpoints. The animals gained appreciable weight and showed no signs of clinical toxicity. The dried (DB), boiled dried (BDB), fresh (FB) and boiled fresh berry (BFB) extracts reduced (p < .05) the heart-, liver-and spleen-body weight ratio of the animals whereas that of the lung was not altered. The kidney and testes-body weight ratios were specifically altered by the different extract. All these were not accompanied by any histomorphological changes. The extracts did not alter (p > .05) the levels of RBC, Hb, PCV and albumin of the animals. The platelets were decreased by the DB and FB whereas BFB increased this parameter. The FB and BFB at all the doses also reduced the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of the animals. With the exception of the FB where the creatinine and chloride levels decreased, other extracts did not alter the level of these kidney parameters. Only FB increased the levels of uric acid and urea. All the extract decreased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of the animal. The levels of total protein, globulin, total and conjugated bilirubin were not altered by DB and BDB whereas these indices were increased by FB and BFB. The DB and BDB increased the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity whereas FB decreased the activity of the enzyme. In contrast, DB and BDB decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity of the animals whereas FB and BFB increased the activity of the enzyme. The FB and BFB also increased the levels of potassium, magnesium and phosphorus of the animals. Overall, the alterations in the biochemical parameters by the various extracts of S. aculeastrum berries at these doses indicated that the normal functioning of these organs may be adversely affected. However, drying and boiling might reduce the toxic effect of the berries.

scholarly journals Effect of microencapsulation on Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii viability in the gastrointestinal tract and level of some blood biochemical factors in wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Ghorbani-Choboghlo ◽  
Donya Nikaein ◽  
Ali-Reza Khosravi ◽  
Reza Rahmani ◽  
Zohreh Farahnejad
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT     Background and Objectives: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in an adequate amount, confer a health benefit on the host through the gut. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widespread yeast found in nature. This microor- ganism has been used as a probiotic agent in recent years. In this study, the effect of microencapsulation on survival rate of S. cerevisiae var. boulardii in the simulated gastrointestinal tract medium and the impact of microencapsulated S. cerevisiae var. boulardii on some serum biochemical factors in a rat model was evaluated. Materials and Methods: 30 male wistar rats were divided into three groups (control, rats receiving microencapsulated S. cerevisiae var. boulardii, and rats receiving S. cerevisiae var. boulardii alone). The probiotic was gavaged at a dosage of 2 gr/ kg BW for 8 weeks. Blood was collected from rats at the end of the treatment period and biochemical factors were measured using Mancompany kits. Results: The results showed a significant increase in viability of microencapsulated S. cerevisiae var. boulardii in compar- ison with free S. cerevisiae var. boulardii (p<0.05). Weight of rats in probiotic treated groups was significantly higher in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, probiotic treatment reduced mean levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, free blood sugar and liver enzymes in rats. Conclusion: Microencapsulation could increase the survival rate of yeast probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract; however, more studies are needed for better understanding of the exact effect of microencapsulation on probiotics’ function.

scholarly journals Bioefficiency of Chromolaena odorata (Linn.) on hematological and lipid profiles in sublethal cyanide poisoning in male wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Adeola. Folashade Ehigie ◽  
Gbadebo Emmanuel Adeleke ◽  
Fiyinfoluwa. D. Ojeniyi ◽  
Leonard Ona Ehigie
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Sodium Thiosulphate ◽  
Cyanide Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact

Chromolaena odorata is an invasive plant which is acclaimed to have cyanide remediation potential from contaminated sites. This examination means to decide the impact of ethanol concentrates of C. odorata (ECO), sodium thiosulphate and a mix of both on hematological parameters and blood lipid profile of rodents presented to potassium cyanide. (KCN). A sum of thirty five male Wistar rats partitioned into seven groups of five units were used. KCN Group rats were administered with KCN alone. Rats in 100ECO, 150ECO, 200ECO groups were administered with 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg body weight of ECO respectively. Rats under Na2sS2O3 and Na2S2O3+ECO groups were administered 200 mg/kg sodium thiosulphate and sodium thiosulphate with ECO at 200 mg/kg respectively. The trial was done in about a month. Toward the finish of the investigation, the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin level (Hb), Red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) were resolved utilizing known biochemical methodology. The outcomes demonstrated a noteworthy increment (p ? 0.05) in PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC level of remedial groups when contrasted with the cyanide group. Total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were altogether lower while HDL-cholesterol was fundamentally expanded in all the treated groups when contrasted and the untreated group given cyanide alone. However, no significant difference in LDL-cholesterol was indicated in all therapeutic groups compared with the cyanide group. The study revealed that C. odorata at the tested doses was able to improve the hematological parameters and lipid profile in cyanide exposed rats.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document