scholarly journals Effect of Oversulfation on the Composition, Structure, and In Vitro Anti-Lung Cancer Activity of Fucoidans Extracted from Sargassum aquifolium

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Hui-Hua Hsiao ◽  
Tien-Chiu Wu ◽  
Yung-Hsiang Tsai ◽  
Chia-Hung Kuo ◽  
Ren-Han Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Cytochrome C Release ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cancer Activity

Intensive efforts have been undertaken in the fields of prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of lung cancer. Fucoidans exhibit a wide range of biological activities, which are dependent on the degree of sulfation, sulfation pattern, glycosidic branches, and molecular weight of fucoidan. The determination of oversulfation of fucoidan and its effect on anti-lung cancer activity and related signaling cascades is challenging. In this investigation, we used a previously developed fucoidan (SCA), which served as a native fucoidan, to generate two oversulfated fucoidan derivatives (SCA-S1 and SCA-S2). SCA, SCA-S1, and SCA-S2 showed differences in compositions and had the characteristic structural features of fucoidan by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The anticancer properties of SCA, SCA-S1, and SCA-S2 against human lung carcinoma A-549 cells were analyzed in terms of cytotoxicity, cell cycle, Bcl-2 expression, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), expression of caspase-3, cytochrome c release, Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, DNA fragmentation, and the underlying signaling cascades. Our findings indicate that the oversulfation of fucoidan promotes apoptosis of lung cancer cells and the mechanism may involve the Akt/mTOR/S6 pathway. Further in vivo research is needed to establish the precise mechanism whereby oversulfated fucoidan mitigates the progression of lung cancer.

A Systematic Review on Anti-diabetic Properties of Chalcones

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 2257-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Rocha ◽  
Daniela Ribeiro ◽  
Eduarda Fernandes ◽  
Marisa Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Wide Range

: The use of anti-diabetic drugs has been increasing worldwide and the evolution of therapeutics has been enormous. Still, the currently available anti-diabetic drugs do not present the desired efficacy and are generally associated with serious adverse effects. Thus, entirely new interventions, addressing the underlying etiopathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, are required. Chalcones, secondary metabolites of terrestrial plants and precursors of the flavonoids biosynthesis, have been used for a long time in traditional medicine due to their wide-range of biological activities, from which the anti-diabetic activity stands out. : This review systematizes the information found in literature about the anti-diabetic properties of chalcones, in vitro and in vivo. Chalcones are able to exert these properties by acting in different therapeutic targets: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4); Glucose Transporter Type 4 (GLUT4), Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), α-amylase, α-glucosidase, Aldose Reductase (ALR), Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP)-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK). Chalcones are, undoubtedly, promising anti-diabetic agents, and some crucial structural features have already been established. From the Structure-Activity Relationships analysis, it can generally be stated that the presence of hydroxyl, prenyl and geranyl groups in their skeleton improves their activity for the evaluated anti-diabetic targets.

Bioactive Algal-Derived Polysaccharides: Multi-Functionalization, Therapeutic Potential and Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1147-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Idayu Muhamad ◽  
Nabilah Zulkifli ◽  
Suguna a/p Selvakumaran ◽  
Nurul Asmak Md Lazim
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Wide Range

Background: In recent decades, there has been an increased interest in the utilization of polysaccharides showing biological activity for various novel applications owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and some specific therapeutic activities. Increasing studies have started in the past few years to develop algal polysaccharides-based biomaterials for various applications. Methods: Saccharide mapping or enzymatic profiling plays a role in quality control of polysaccharides. Whereby, in vitro and in vivo tests as well as toxicity level discriminating polysaccharides biological activities. Extraction and purification methods are performed in obtaining algal derived polysaccharides followed by chromatographic profiles of their active compounds, structural features, physicochemical properties, and reported biological activities. Results: Marine algae are capable of synthesizing Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and non-GAGs or GAG mimetics such as sulfated glycans. The cell walls of algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, ulvan and fucoidan. These biopolymers are widely used algal-derived polysaccharides for biological and biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and availability. They constitute biochemical compounds that have multi-functionalization, therapeutic potential and immunomodulatory abilities, making them promising bioactive products and biomaterials with a wide range of biomedical applications. Conclusion: Algal-derived polysaccharides with clearly elucidated compositions/structures, identified cellular activities, as well as desirable physical properties have shown the potential that may create new opportunities. They could be maximally exploited to serve as therapeutic tools such as immunoregulatory agents or drug delivery vehicles. Hence, novel strategies could be applied to tailor multi-functionalization of the polysaccharides from algal species with vast biomedical application potentials.

Associated microflora of medicinal ferns: biotechnological potentials and possible applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 4927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhi Srivastava ◽  
Paul A. K.
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Plant associated microorganisms that colonize the upper and internal tissues of roots, stems, leaves and flowers of healthy plants without causing any visible harmful or negative effect on their host. Diversity of microbes have been extensively studied in a wide variety of vascular plants and shown to promote plant establishment, growth and development and impart resistance against pathogenic infections. Ferns and their associated microbes have also attracted the attention of the scientific communities as sources of novel bioactive secondary metabolites. The ferns and fern alleles, which are well adapted to diverse environmental conditions, produce various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, triterpenoid compounds, variety of amino acids and fatty acids along with some unique metabolites as adaptive features and are traditionally used for human health and medicine. In this review attention has been focused to prepare a comprehensive account of ethnomedicinal properties of some common ferns and fern alleles. Association of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere of these medicinally important ferns and their interaction with the host plant has been emphasized keeping in view their possible biotechnological potentials and applications. The processes of host-microbe interaction leading to establishment and colonization of endophytes are less-well characterized in comparison to rhizospheric and phyllospheric microflora. However, the endophytes are possessing same characteristics as rhizospheric and phyllospheric to stimulate the in vivo synthesis as well as in vitro production of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities such as plant growth promotion by production of phytohormones, siderophores, fixation of nitrogen, and phosphate solubilization. Synthesis of pharmaceutically important products such as anticancer compounds, antioxidants, antimicrobials, antiviral substances and hydrolytic enzymes could be some of the promising areas of research and commercial exploitation.

scholarly journals The red wine component ellagic acid induces autophagy and exhibits anti-lung cancer activity in vitro and in vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Duan ◽  
Ji-Cheng Zhan ◽  
Gui-Zhen Wang ◽  
Xin-Chun Zhao ◽  
Wei-Dong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Cancer Activity

Volatile oil from alpinia officinarum promotes lung cancer regression in vitro and in vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 4998-5006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Qingyu Zhang ◽  
Zhenbin Jia ◽  
Xiaohong Yang ◽  
Haitao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Alpinia Officinarum ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cancer Intervention ◽  
Cancer Activity ◽  
Cancer Regression

The anti-lung cancer activity of volatile oil from Alpinia officinarum (VOAO) and the underlying mechanism has been studied. VOAO could be an effective, low cytotoxicity candidate for lung cancer intervention.

scholarly journals IN VITRO CALLUS INDUCTION AND COMPARATIVE GC-MS ANALYSIS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF CALLUS AND LEAF SAMPLES OF AMPELOCISSUS LATIFOLIA (ROXB.) PLANCH

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Deep Chhavi Anand ◽  
Rishikesh Meena ◽  
Vidya Patni
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Wide Range

Objective: The aim of the present study was to develop a callus induction protocol and comparative study of therapeutic phytochemicals present in in vivo leaf and in vitro callus extracts through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis.Methods: Murashige and Skoog media was used as culture media for callus induction. In vitro callus induction protocol was developed by studying the effects of various plant growth regulators like auxin, 2, 4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), NAA (naphthalic acetic acid), alone and in combination with cytokinin BAP (benzyl aminopurine), on leaf and stem explants. The GC-MS analysis of Ampelocissus latifolia was carried out on Shimadzu QP-2010 plus with thermal desorption system TD 20 to study the phytochemical profile.Results: In vitro callus induction protocol was developed for the plant and callusing was done from leaf and stem explants of Ampelocissus latifolia. The best result for callus induction was obtained using leaf explant, and callus production were maximum in Murashige and Skoog medium fortified with BAP (0.5 mg/l) and NAA (1.0 mg/l). Major compounds identified in the GC-MS analysis were Campesterol, Stigmasterol, Beta-Sitosterol, Docosanol, Dodecanoic acid, etc., in in vitro extract and Beta Sitosterol, Tocopherol, Squalene, Bergamot oil, Margarinic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, etc., in in vivo extract. The different active phytochemicals identified have been found to possess a wide range of biological activities, thus this analysis forms a basis for the biological characterization and importance of the compounds identified for human benefits.Conclusion: This is the first report on callus induction in Ampelocissus latifolia. From the results obtained through the in vitro callus induction and its comparative GCMS analysis with in vivo extract, it is revealed that Ampelocissus latifolia contains various bioactive compounds that are of importance for phytopharmaceutical uses. The GCMS analysis revealed that the amount of Beta-sitosterol and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was very high in in vitro extract as compared to in vivo extract.

Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Resveratrol-Loaded Bovine Serum Album Nanoparticles

2011 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Lei Li ◽  
Yuan Gang Zu ◽  
Xiu Hua Zhao ◽  
Dong Mei Zhao ◽  
Xiao Qiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range

Resveratrol (RES) is a naturally occurring triphenolic phytoalexin compound exerting numerous beneficial effects in the organism. It has a wide range of biological activities in vitro as well as in vivo, such as anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and beneficial cardiovascular effects. But, its low solubility in water led to its poor absorption in vivo and low bioavailability. Bovine serum album (BSA) nanoparticles have emerged as versatile desired carrier systems due to its ready availability, biodegradability, lack of toxicity and immunogenicity with fast development of nano technology. In this study, RES-BSANPS were prepared by a desolvation method and chemical cross-linking with glutaraldehyde successfully. Results controlled conditions (concentration of BSA, 10 mg/ml; pH = 9.0; volume of ethanol, 6 ml; volume of 0.25 % glutaraldehyde, 100 µl; amount of RES, 6.7 mg; cross-linking time, 24 h at room temperature (1 ml/min)) for entrapment efficiency, loading efficiency, mean particle size and zeta potential, were found to be 88.7 %, 39.4 %, 175.4 ± 0.5 nm, -35.93 ± 0.79 mV, respectively.

Activity of vincristine, L-ASP, and dexamethasone against acute lymphoblastic leukemia is enhanced by the BH3-mimetic ABT-737 in vitro and in vivo

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 2057-2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min H. Kang ◽  
Yun Hee Kang ◽  
Barbara Szymanska ◽  
Urszula Wilczynska-Kalak ◽  
Michael A. Sheard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Cytochrome C Release ◽  
Synergistic Cytotoxicity ◽  
Bh3 Mimetic

Abstract Defects in apoptosis signaling contribute to poor outcome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and overexpression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 (Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL) family proteins has been observed in ALL. ABT-737 is a small-molecule BH3-mimetic that inhibits the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of ABT-737 in combination with vincristine, dexamethasone, and L-asparaginase (VXL) in 7 ALL cell lines. Multilog synergistic cytotoxicity was observed in all 7 cell lines with ABT-737 plus L-asparaginase or vincristine, and in 5 of 7 cell lines with ABT-737 plus dexamethasone or VXL. In leukemia cells, but not in normal lymphocytes, ABT-737 plus L-asparaginase induced greater mitochondrial depolarization (JC-1 staining); mitochondrial cytochrome c release; activation of Bax, Bid, and caspases (immunoblotting); and eventually apoptosis (annexin V staining) than did either drug alone. In mouse xenografts derived from patients with ALL at diagnosis (ALL-7) or at relapse (ALL-19), event-free survival (EFS) was significantly enhanced with ABT-737 plus VXL relative to VXL or ABT-737 alone (P ≤ .02). Thus, ABT-737 synergistically enhanced VXL cytotoxicity in ALL cell lines via a mitochondrial death pathway and enhanced EFS in VXL-treated mice bearing ALL xenografts. Combining VXL with a BH3-mimetic warrants clinical investigation in ALL at relapse and potentially in chemotherapy-resistant ALL subgroups.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Cytotoxicity of Some Essential Oils for Translation in Cancer Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Russo ◽  
Maria Tiziana Corasaniti ◽  
Giacinto Bagetta ◽  
Luigi Antonio Morrone
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Antitumor Drugs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Anticancer Treatment

Essential oils are complex mixtures of several components endowed with a wide range of biological activities, including antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic properties. A growing body of scientific reports has recently focused on the potential of essential oils as anticancer treatment in the attempt to overcome the development of multidrug resistance and important side effects associated with the antitumor drugs currently used. In this review we discuss the literature on the effects of essential oils in  in vitroandin vivomodels of cancer, focusing on the studies performed with the whole phytocomplex rather than single constituents.

The molecular biology of mammalian arachidonic acid metabolism

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. L13-L28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sigal
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Wide Range

The metabolism of arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes results in a wide range of oxidized products with potent biological activities. These metabolites, which include the prostaglandins and leukotrienes, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory diseases. Research over the last decade has focused primarily on the elucidation of the chemical structure of the metabolites and their biological effects in vitro and in vivo. Recently, research on the enzymes that produce these bioactive metabolites through oxidization of arachidonic acid has intensified. Recombinant DNA techniques have enabled investigators to determine the nucleotide sequences for several of the enzymes in the arachidonic acid cascade. The resulting cDNAs are now being used to further investigate the biochemical and biological features of arachidonic acid metabolism. The purpose of this paper is to review how the cDNAs for these enzymes were obtained, what information they convey, and how they are being applied in current research.

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