scholarly journals Shallow Hydrothermal Vent Bacteria and Their Secondary Metabolites with a Particular Focus on Bacillus

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Revathi Gurunathan ◽  
Arthur James Rathinam ◽  
Jiang-Shiou Hwang ◽  
Hans-Uwe Dahms
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Specific Culture

Extreme environments are hostile for most organisms, but such habitats represent suitable settings to be inhabited by specialized microorganisms. A marine shallow-water hydrothermal vent field is located offshore in northeast Taiwan, near the shallow shore of the southeast of Kueishantao Island (121°55′ E, 24°50′ N). Research on extremophilic microorganisms makes use of the biotechnological potential associated with such microorganisms and their cellular products. With the notion that extremophiles are capable of surviving in extreme environments, it is assumed that their metabolites are adapted to function optimally under such conditions. As extremophiles, they need specific culture conditions, and only a fraction of species from the original samples are recovered in culture. We used different non-selective and selective media to isolate bacterial species associated with the hydrothermal vent crab Xenograpsus testudinatus and the sediments of its habitat. The highest number of colonies was obtained from Zobell marine agar plates with an overall number of 29 genetically distinct isolates. 16sRNA gene sequencing using the Sanger sequencing method revealed that most of the bacterial species belonged to the phylum Firmicutes and the class Bacilli. The present study indicates that hydrothermal vent bacteria and their secondary metabolites may play an important role for the reconstruction of the evolutionary history of the phylum Procaryota.

scholarly journals A Special Issue on Microorganisms from Extreme Environments in Memory of Luigi Michaud (1974–2014)

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Angelina Lo Giudice ◽  
Concetta Gugliandolo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Geothermal Soils ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Shallow Hydrothermal Vents

A special issue (SI) titled “Microbial Diversity in Extreme Environments: Implications for Ecological and Applicative Perspectives” has been launched with the aim of showcasing the diversity and biotechnological potential of extremophilic microorganisms. The issue includes 10 research papers and four reviews that mainly address prokaryotes inhabiting hyperarid, hypercold, hyperalkaline and hypersaline (or polyextreme) environments, spanning from deserts to meromictic and glacier lakes around the globe. Thermophilic prokaryotes from shallow hydrothermal vents and Antarctic geothermal soils are also treated. The ecology and biotechnological perspectives of eukaryotes are discussed in two review papers and one research paper. This special issue serves as a memorial to Dr. Luigi Michaud (1974–2014), who dramatically passed away in Antarctica during underwater sampling activities.

scholarly journals Untapped Resources: Biotechnological Potential of Peptides and Secondary Metabolites in Archaea

Archaea ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Charlesworth ◽  
Brendan P. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Small Peptide ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Homoserine Lactones ◽  
Wide Range

Archaea are an understudied domain of life often found in “extreme” environments in terms of temperature, salinity, and a range of other factors. Archaeal proteins, such as a wide range of enzymes, have adapted to function under these extreme conditions, providing biotechnology with interesting activities to exploit. In addition to producing structural and enzymatic proteins, archaea also produce a range of small peptide molecules (such as archaeocins) and other novel secondary metabolites such as those putatively involved in cell communication (acyl homoserine lactones), which can be exploited for biotechnological purposes. Due to the wide array of metabolites produced there is a great deal of biotechnological potential from antimicrobials such as diketopiperazines and archaeocins, as well as roles in the cosmetics and food industry. In this review we will discuss the diversity of small molecules, both peptide and nonpeptide, produced by archaea and their potential biotechnological applications.

Neutrophil migration through in vitro interstitial matrix

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 894-895
Author(s):  
J. Roemer ◽  
S.R. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Specific Culture

We are developing an in vitro interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) system for study of inflammatory cell migration. Falcon brand Cyclopore membrane inserts of various pore sizes are used as a support substrate for production of ECM by R22 rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Under specific culture conditions these cells produce a highly insoluble matrix consisting of typical interstitial ECM components, i.e.: types I and III collagen, elastin, proteoglycans and fibronectin.

Antimicrobial properties of actively purified secondary metabolites isolated from different marine organisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilushi Indika Bamunu Arachchige ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds

Background: The treatment of infection caused by pathogenic bacteria becomes one of the serious concerns globally. The failure in the treatment was found due to the exhibition of multiple resistance mechanisms against the antimicrobial agents. Emergence of resistant bacterial species has also been observed due to prolong treatment using conventional antibiotics. To combat these problems, several alternative strategies have been employed using biological and chemically synthesized compounds as antibacterial agents. Marine organisms considered as one of the potential sources for the isolation of bioactive compounds due to the easily available, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. Methods: The online search methodology was adapted for the collection of information related to the antimicrobial properties of marine-derived compounds. These compound has been isolated and purified by different purification techniques, and their structure also characterized. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities have been reported by using broth microdilution as well as disc diffusion assays. Results: The present review paper describes the antimicrobial effect of diverse secondary metabolites which are isolated and purified from the different marine organisms. The structural elucidation of each secondary metabolite has also been done in the present paper, which will help for the in silico designing of the novel and potent antimicrobial compounds. Conclusion: A thorough literature search has been made and summarizes the list of antimicrobial compounds that are isolated from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic marine organisms. The information obtained from the present paper will be helpful for the application of marine compounds as antimicrobial agents against different antibiotic-resistant human pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and phylogenetic characterization of Lactobacillus species isolated from traditional Lighvan cheese

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haleh Forouhandeh ◽  
Sepideh Zununi Vahed ◽  
Hossein Ahangari ◽  
Vahideh Tarhriz ◽  
Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Phylogenetic Characterization ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Specific Culture ◽  
Lighvan Cheese

Abstract Lighvan cheese (Lighvan panir) is among the most famous traditional cheese in Iran for its desired aroma and flavor. Undoubtedly, the lactic acid bacteria especially the genus Lactobacillus are the critical factors in developing the aroma, flavor, and texture in Lighvan cheese. In this study, the Lactobacillus population of the main Lighvan cheese was investigated. The Lactobacillus of the main Lighvan cheese was isolated using specific culture methods according to previously published Guidelines. Then, the phylogenetic features were investigated and the phenotypic characteristics were examined using specific culture methods. Twenty-eight Gram-positive bacterial species were identified belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. According to the same sequences as each other, three groups (A, B, and C) of isolates were categorized with a high degree of similarity to L. fermentum (100%) and L. casei group (L. casei, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus) (99.0 to 100%). Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprint analysis manifested the presence of three clusters that were dominant in traditional Lighvan cheese. Cluster І was divided into 4 sub-clusters. By the result of carbohydrate fermentation pattern and 16S rRNA sequencing, isolates were identified as L. rhamnosus. The isolates in clusters II and III represented L. paracasei and L. fermentum, respectively as they were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and fermented carbohydrate patterns. Our result indicated that the specific aroma and flavor of traditional Lighvan cheese can be related to its Lactobacillus population including L. fermentum, L. casei, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Secondary Metabolites Compounds Isolated from Phylum Actinobacteria and Its Therapeutic Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4504
Author(s):  
Muhanna Al-shaibani ◽  
Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed ◽  
Nik Sidik ◽  
Hesham Enshasy ◽  
Adel Al-Gheethi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications

The current review aims to summarise the biodiversity and biosynthesis of novel secondary metabolites compounds, of the phylum Actinobacteria and the diverse range of secondary metabolites produced that vary depending on its ecological environments they inhabit. Actinobacteria creates a wide range of bioactive substances that can be of great value to public health and the pharmaceutical industry. The literature analysis process for this review was conducted using the VOSviewer software tool to visualise the bibliometric networks of the most relevant databases from the Scopus database in the period between 2010 and 22 March 2021. Screening and exploring the available literature relating to the extreme environments and ecosystems that Actinobacteria inhabit aims to identify new strains of this major microorganism class, producing unique novel bioactive compounds. The knowledge gained from these studies is intended to encourage scientists in the natural product discovery field to identify and characterise novel strains containing various bioactive gene clusters with potential clinical applications. It is evident that Actinobacteria adapted to survive in extreme environments represent an important source of a wide range of bioactive compounds. Actinobacteria have a large number of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. They can synthesise thousands of subordinate metabolites with different biological actions such as anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-fungal, anti-virus, anti-cancer and growth-promoting compounds. These are highly significant economically due to their potential applications in the food, nutrition and health industries and thus support our communities’ well-being.

scholarly journals An Overview of Metabolic Activity, Beneficial and Pathogenic Aspects of Burkholderia Spp

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Hazem S. Elshafie ◽  
Ippolito Camele
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Rhizosphere Competence

Burkholderia is an important bacterial species which has different beneficial effects, such as promoting the plant growth, including rhizosphere competence for the secretion of allelochemicals, production of antibiotics, and siderophores. In addition, most of Burkholderia species have demonstrated promising biocontrol action against different phytopathogens for diverse crops. In particular, Burkholderia demonstrates significant biotechnological potential as a source of novel antibiotics and bioactive secondary metabolites. The current review is concerned with Burkholderia spp. covering the following aspects: discovering, classification, distribution, plant growth promoting effect, and antimicrobial activity of different species of Burkholderia, shedding light on the most important secondary metabolites, their pathogenic effects, and biochemical characterization of some important species of Burkholderia, such as B. cepacia, B. andropogonis, B. plantarii, B. rhizoxinica, B. glumae, B. caryophylli and B. gladioli.

scholarly journals A Review of Medicinal Uses and Pharmacological Activities of Tridax Procumbens (L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Beck ◽  
Heather Mathison ◽  
Toma Todorov ◽  
Esli-Armando Calderon-Juarez ◽  
Olga R. Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Phytochemical Components

Tridax procumbens is a very promising species that produces secondary metabolites reported to have a variety of medicinal uses including among others, anti-anemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anesthetic properties. This species has a long history of traditional use by different communities. This study aimed to review the scientific literature regarding the medicinal properties, biological activity and phytochemical components of T. procumbens, a member of the Asteraceae family that originated in Central and South America. An extensive literature review was done using Metadatabase EDS, MedLine (PubMed), Science Direct, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier, Scielo, DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals, JSTOR, and other sources to find information relevant to the medicinal uses of T. procumbens. At total of 130 studies were found that contained information about T. procumbens. Some of the papers were not included because of the relevance to this study, ending with a total of 111 relevant citations reported here. This review shows the importance of more studies to understand the potential of T. procumbens’ secondary metabolites for medicinal or preventive treatment, making it a promising ethnobotanical resource. This review provides important information of this species and indicates that this species could be an effective, safe and affordable treatment for some ailments, especially in tropical areas where this plant is native and widely distributed.

scholarly journals Virulent secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic bacteria genera, Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, inhibit phospholipase A2 to suppress host insect immunity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mahi Imam Mollah ◽  
Yonggyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Insect Immunity ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Pathogenicity ◽  
Entomopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Insecticidal Activities

Abstract Background: Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus are entomopathogenic bacteria that cause septicemia and toxemia in insects. They produce secondary metabolites to induce host immunosuppression. Their metabolite compositions vary among bacterial species. Little is known about the relationship between metabolite compositions and the bacterial pathogenicity. The objective of this study was to compare pathogenicity and production of secondary metabolites of 14 bacterial isolates (species or strains) of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus. Results: All bacterial isolates exhibited insecticidal activities after hemocoelic injection to Spodoptera exigua (a lepidopteran insect) larvae, with median lethal doses ranging from 168.8 to 641.3 CFU per larva. Bacterial infection also led to immunosuppression by inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis. Bacterial culture broth was fractionated into four different organic extracts. All four organic extracts of each bacterial species exhibited insecticidal activities and resulted in immunosuppression. These organic extracts were subjected to GC-MS analysis which predicted 182 compounds, showing differential compositions for 14 bacteria isolates. There were positive correlations between total number of secondary metabolites produced by each bacterial culture broth and its bacterial pathogenicity based on immunosuppression and insecticidal activity. From these correlation results, 70 virulent compounds were selected from secondary metabolites of high virulent bacterial isolates by deducting those of low virulent bacterial isolates. These selected virulent compounds exhibited significant immunosuppressive activities by inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis. They also exhibited relatively high insecticidal activities. Conclusion: Virulence variation between Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus is determined by their different compositions of secondary metabolites, of which PLA2 inhibitors play a crucial role.

scholarly journals SECONDARY METABOLITES WITH ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVITY OF MARINE ACTINOBACTERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
K. S. Potapenko ◽  
N. V. Korotaieva ◽  
V. О. Ivanytsia
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Marine Actinobacteria ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Plant Growth Hormones

Marine actinobacteria are active producers and an unused rich source of various biologically active secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, antitumor, antiviral and antiinflammatory compounds, biopesticides, plant growth hormones, pigments, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors.In this review describes data from current literature sources for the period from 2017 to 2021 about various bioactive compounds that produce marine actinobacteria, their antibiotic activity and biotechnological potential, the main groups of secondary metabolites and their producers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document