scholarly journals Quantitative and Compositional Study of Monospecies Biofilms of Spoilage Microorganisms in the Meat Industry and Their Interaction in the Development of Multispecies Biofilms

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Ripolles-Avila ◽  
Nerea García-Hernández ◽  
Brayan H. Cervantes-Huamán ◽  
Tina Mazaheri ◽  
José Juan Rodríguez-Jerez
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Pseudomonas Fragi ◽  
Ecological Relations ◽  
Multispecies Biofilms ◽  
Compositional Study

Food spoilage is a serious problem in the food industry, since it leads to significant economic losses. One of its main causes is the cross-contamination of food products from industrial surfaces. Three spoilage bacterial species which are highly present in meat and the gastrointestinal tract of chickens were selected: Pseudomonas fragi, Leuconostoc gasicomitatum, and Lactobacillus reuteri. The dual aim was to determine their ability to form monospecies biofilms and to examine how they interact when they coexist together. To do so, mature monospecies biofilms were produced statically for seven days at a temperature of 30 °C. L. gasicomitatum was also used to investigate the behavior of P. fragi and L. reuteri in the formation of multispecies biofilms. The structure and composition of the monospecies biofilms were evaluated by direct epifluorescence microscopy, and the multispecies biofilms were evaluated by plate counting. Both L. gasicomitatum and L. reuteri were able to form biofilms, with counts of approximately 7 Log CFU/cm2 and a defined structure. However, P. fragi obtained counts to the order of 4 Log CFU/cm2, which is significantly different from the previous species (P < 0.05), and it had no network of cell conglomerates. The content of the L. gasicomitatum and L. reuteri biofilm matrices were 70–80% protein, unlike P. fragi, which presented a higher polysaccharide content (P < 0.05). In the multispecies biofilms, the presence of P. fragi did not affect the growth of L. gasicomitatum, which remained at between 5.76 to 6.1 Log CFU/cm2. However, L. reuteri was able to displace L. gasicomitatum growth after 24 h of coexisting in a mixed biofilm, presenting differences in counts of approximately 2 Log CFU/cm2. The study of the biofilms constructed by food industry resident microbiota can help to understand the ecological relations that exist between species, characterize them, and propose strategies to eliminate them. The name of genes and species should be written in italic.

Molecular Detection of Bacterial Pathogens Directly from the Nasal Swabs and Lung Tissue of Sheep and Goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Sunaina Thakur ◽  
Subhash Verma ◽  
Prasenjit Dhar ◽  
Mandeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

Respiratory infections of sheep and goats cause heavy morbidity and mortality, leading to huge economic losses. Conventional methods of diagnosis that include isolation and identification of incriminating microbes are time-consuming and fraught with logistic challenges. Direct detection of incriminating microbes using molecular tools is gaining popularity in clinical, microbiological settings. In this study, a total of 50 samples (44 nasal swabs and 6 lung tissues) from sheep and goats were screened for the detection of different bacterial species by in vitro amplification of genus or species-specific genes. Histophilus somni was detected in 2% goat samples, Trueperella pyogenes in 20% goat nasal swabs, whereas 22% goat nasal swab samples were found positive for Mycoplasma spp. None of the samples from sheep was detected positive for H. somni, T. pyogenes, Mycoplasma spp. Similarly, all samples, irrespective, whether from sheep or goats, showed negative results for Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

scholarly journals Polyhydroxyalkanoate Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery: Interaction with Lung Surfactant

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Olga Cañadas ◽  
Andrea García-García ◽  
M. Auxiliadora Prieto ◽  
Jesús Pérez-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Pulmonary Drug Delivery ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Energy Storage Materials ◽  
The Stability

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are polyesters produced intracellularly by many bacterial species as energy storage materials, which are used in biomedical applications, including drug delivery systems, due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, we evaluated the potential application of this nanomaterial as a basis of inhaled drug delivery systems. To that end, we assessed the possible interaction between PHA nanoparticles (NPs) and pulmonary surfactant using dynamic light scattering, Langmuir balances, and epifluorescence microscopy. Our results demonstrate that NPs deposited onto preformed monolayers of DPPC or DPPC/POPG bind these surfactant lipids. This interaction facilitated the translocation of the nanomaterial towards the aqueous subphase, with the subsequent loss of lipid from the interface. NPs that remained at the interface associated with liquid expanded (LE)/tilted condensed (TC) phase boundaries, decreasing the size of condensed domains and promoting the intermixing of TC and LE phases at submicroscopic scale. This provided the stability necessary for attaining high surface pressures upon compression, countering the destabilization induced by lipid loss. These effects were observed only for high NP loads, suggesting a limit for the use of these NPs in pulmonary drug delivery.

scholarly journals Differential Metabolism of Exopolysaccharides from Probiotic Lactobacilli by the Human Gut Symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 3973-3983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Lammerts van Bueren ◽  
Aakanksha Saraf ◽  
Eric C. Martens ◽  
Lubbert Dijkhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Bacteroides Thetaiotaomicron ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Commensal Species

ABSTRACTProbiotic microorganisms are ingested as food or supplements and impart positive health benefits to consumers. Previous studies have indicated that probiotics transiently reside in the gastrointestinal tract and, in addition to modulating commensal species diversity, increase the expression of genes for carbohydrate metabolism in resident commensal bacterial species. In this study, it is demonstrated that the human gut commensal speciesBacteroides thetaiotaomicronefficiently metabolizes fructan exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesized by probioticLactobacillus reuteristrain 121 while only partially degrading reuteran and isomalto/malto-polysaccharide (IMMP) α-glucan EPS polymers.B. thetaiotaomicronmetabolized these EPS molecules via the activation of enzymes and transport systems encoded by dedicated polysaccharide utilization loci specific for β-fructans and α-glucans. Reduced metabolism of reuteran and IMMP α-glucan EPS molecules may be due to reduced substrate binding by components of the starch utilization system (sus). This study reveals that microbial EPS substrates activate genes for carbohydrate metabolism inB. thetaiotaomicronand suggests that microbially derived carbohydrates provide a carbohydrate-rich reservoir forB. thetaiotaomicronnutrient acquisition in the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals A Cryptic Non-Inducible Prophage Confers Phage-Immunity on the Streptococcus thermophilus M17PTZA496

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius da Silva Duarte ◽  
Sabrina Giaretta ◽  
Stefano Campanaro ◽  
Laura Treu ◽  
Andrea Armani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Important Species

Streptococcus thermophilus is considered one of the most important species for the dairy industry. Due to their diffusion in dairy environments, bacteriophages can represent a threat to this widely used bacterial species. Despite the presence of a CRISPR-Cas system in the S. thermophilus genome, some lysogenic strains harbor cryptic prophages that can increase the phage-host resistance defense. This characteristic was identified in the dairy strain S. thermophilus M17PTZA496, which contains two integrated prophages 51.8 and 28.3 Kb long, respectively. In the present study, defense mechanisms, such as a lipoprotein-encoding gene and Siphovirus Gp157, the last associated to the presence of a noncoding viral DNA element, were identified in the prophage M17PTZA496 genome. The ability to overexpress genes involved in these defense mechanisms under specific stressful conditions, such as phage attack, has been demonstrated. Despite the addition of increasing amounts of Mitomycin C, M17PTZA496 was found to be non-inducible. However, the transcriptional activity of the phage terminase large subunit was detected in the presence of the antagonist phage vB_SthS-VA460 and of Mitomycin C. The discovery of an additional immune mechanism, associated with bacteriophage-insensitive strains, is of utmost importance, for technological applications and industrial processes. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the capability of a prophage integrated into the S. thermophilus genome expressing different phage defense mechanisms. Bacteriophages are widespread entities that constantly threaten starter cultures in the dairy industry. In cheese and yogurt manufacturing, the lysis of Streptococcus thermophilus cultures by viral attacks can lead to huge economic losses. Nowadays S. thermophilus is considered a well-stablished model organism for the study of natural adaptive immunity (CRISPR-Cas) against phage and plasmids, however, the identification of novel bacteriophage-resistance mechanisms, in this species, is strongly desirable. Here, we demonstrated that the presence of a non-inducible prophage confers phage-immunity to an S. thermophilus strain, by the presence of ltp and a viral noncoding region. S. thermophilus M17PTZA496 arises as an unconventional model to study phage resistance and potentially represents an alternative starter strain for dairy productions.

Collusion-enhancing effects of the own- and cross-price demand elasticities in merging multiproduct food industries: The case of chicken and red meat in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Panagiotou
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Demand Elasticities ◽  
The Us ◽  
Price Demand

The recent wave of megamergers sweeping the US food industry has raised significant concerns regarding “conglomerate” market power. Beef processors have been merging with pork and/or poultry processors (and vice versa). Concurrently, consumers have changed their attitude toward diet and health. The poultry industry has been more responsive to the changes in consumers’ lifestyles than the red meat industry by providing products which address health concerns. As a consequence, consumers exhibit stronger preference for chicken and are more willing to substitute chicken for red meat. The objective of this study is to examine the sustainability of collusion between multiproduct meat processing firms, under different values of the own-price demand flexibility of chicken as well as cross-price elasticities of demand between the markets of chicken and red meat. The findings indicate that the less (more) responsive demand for chicken gets to changes in its own price (price of red meat), the easier it gets for firms to sustain collusion.

scholarly journals The Meat Industry of the Krasnoyarsk Region in 1956–1965

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-352
Author(s):  
Ruslan V. Pavlyukevich
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Balanced Development

The research features the development of Krasnoyarsk meat processing industry in the years of political struggle and rule of N. S. Khrushchev. The research objective was to determine the main trends and results in the development of the Krasnoyarsk meat industry during its reform. The work was based on the modernization approach, as there was a new breakthrough of industrial development in Siberia in the period under consideration. After Stalin's death, the control system he created could no longer function. As a result of the political struggle, N. S. Khrushchev came to power and transformed the economic system based on the principle of territorial management. He gave an important place to the development of the food industry. He urged people to catch up and overtake American meat production. The new system opened up new opportunities for the development of remote areas. Local elites were given an important role in the development of the regions. The new management system gave an additional impetus to the development of the meat industry of the Krasnoyarsk territory. The management of the industry was able to use additional finances for the development of enterprises, as well as the capacity of local engineering, construction, etc. As a result, the material base of local enterprises was improved, and the production of finished products increased, which improved the living standards of the local population. The experience, with certain reservations, can be useful today. In the context of the complexity of the geopolitical situation and counter-sanctions in the food industry, rethinking the successes and mistakes of the past can develop a more balanced development policy.

Streptomyces rhizophilus Causes Potato Common Scab Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wei ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Shuai Yang ◽  
Wenzhong Wang ◽  
Fanxiang Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Genus Streptomyces

Common scab (CS) caused by Streptomyces spp. is a significant soilborne potato disease that results in tremendous economic losses globally. Identification of CS-associated species of the genus Streptomyces can enhance understanding of the genetic variation of these bacterial species and is necessary for the control of this epidemic disease. The present study isolated Streptomyces strain 6-2-1(1) from scabby potatoes in Keshan County, Heilongjiang Province, China. PCR analysis confirmed that the strain harbored the characteristic Streptomyces pathogenicity island (PAI) genes (txtA, txtAB, nec1, and tomA). Pathogenicity assays proved that the strain caused typical scab lesions on potato tuber surfaces and necrosis on radish seedlings and potato slices. Subsequently, the strain was systemically characterized at morphological, physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic levels. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 6-2-1(1) shared 99.86% sequence similarity with Streptomyces rhizophilus JR-41T, isolated initially from bamboo in rhizospheric soil in Korea. PCR amplification followed by Sanger sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of 164 scabby potato samples collected in Heilongjiang Province from 2019 to 2020 demonstrated that approximately 2% of the tested samples were infected with S. rhizophilus. Taken together, these results demonstrate that S. rhizophilus is capable of causing potato CS disease and may pose a potential challenge to potato production in Heilongjiang Province of China.

UNIVERSAL DOMESTIC DISINFECTING MEANS «SANDEZEFFEKT» FOR AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
S. S. Shikhov ◽  
◽  
D. I. Udavliev ◽  
A. M. Abdullaeva ◽  
G. V. Filipenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
State University ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Moscow State University

In recent years, a number of new disinfectants have been proposed for practical use. However, not all of them can be recommended for the food industry due to the increased requirements of sanitary and environmental safety of chemical products. Therefore, the proposed products for disinfection, for example, dairy production facilities, must be certified, accompanied by the results of toxicological studies and a recommendation about the possibility of testing a particular product in certain industries. In modern conditions, an important task set by the leadership of Russia for the scientific community of our country is import substitution in all spheres of life. The disinfecting drug Sandezffekt was developed by the Department of Veterinary- Sanitary Expertise and Biological Safety of the Moscow State University of Food Production for the food industry and veterinary medicine, as an effective analogue of vehicles produced by foreign companies. As a result of research, the effectiveness of the “Sandezeffect” preparation was established under conditions of various processing industries of the agro-industrial complex: the dairy and meat industry.

scholarly journals Study on a Fermented Whole Wheat: Phenolic Content, Activity on PTP1B Enzyme and In Vitro Prebiotic Properties

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diletta Balli ◽  
Maria Bellumori ◽  
Paolo Paoli ◽  
Giuseppe Pieraccini ◽  
Monica Di Paola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Acidic Hydrolysis ◽  
Inhibitory Power ◽  
Methyl Ferulate ◽  
First Time

Fermented cereals, staple foods in Asia and Africa, are recently receiving a growing interest in Western countries. The object of this work is the characterization of a fermented wheat used as a food ingredient and dietary supplement. To this aim, the phenolic composition, the activity on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an enzyme overexpressed in type-II diabetes, the in vitro prebiotic properties on Lactobacillus reuteri and the microbial composition were investigated. Basic and acidic hydrolysis were tested for an exhaustive recovery of bound phenols: the acidic hydrolysis gave best yields. Methyl ferulate and neocarlinoside were identified for the first time in wheat. The inhibitory power of the extracts of several batches were investigated on PTP1B enzyme. The product was not able to inhibit the enzyme, otherwise, for the first time, a complete inhibition was observed for schaftoside, a major C-flavonoid of wheat. The microbial composition was assessed identifying Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus as the main bacterial species. The fermented wheat was a suitable substrate for the grown of L. reuteri, recognized for its health properties in the human gut. The proposed method for phenols is easier compared to those based on strong basic hydrolysis; our results assessed the bound phenols as the major fraction, differently from that suggested by the literature for fermented cereals.

scholarly journals Effect of Oral Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 on the Vaginal Microbiota, Cytokines and Chemokines in Pregnant Women

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwen Yang ◽  
Gregor Reid ◽  
John R.G. Challis ◽  
Gregory B. Gloor ◽  
Elizabeth Asztalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Nugent Score ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacillus

Spontaneous preterm birth is associated with vaginal microbial dysbiosis. As certain strains of lactobacilli help restore homeostasis in non-pregnant women, the goal was to determine the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 administered orally, twice daily for 12 weeks on the vaginal microbiota, cytokines and chemokines of low-risk pregnant women. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial comparing probiotic lactobacilli to placebo daily was performed in 86 asymptomatic pregnant women who had an Intermediate or Bacterial Vaginosis Nugent score at 13 weeks. After drop outs, 32 women receiving probiotics and 34 receiving placebo completed the study. The Nugent score returned to normal in 30% of the women in both groups at 28 weeks and was maintained until 35 weeks. The majority of subjects had normal pregnancy outcomes. Ninety-three bacterial species were detected at 13 weeks, with Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus crispatus, Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae being the most abundant across pregnancy. There was no difference in the Shannon diversity index between the probiotic and placebo groups at 13, 28 or 35 weeks. Almost all subjects consumed fermented foods and many of the organisms in the vagina are also known to be present in fermented foods. Interleukin-4 in the placebo group and Interleukin-10 in both probiotic and placebo groups increased slightly at 28 weeks but were not different at 35 weeks when compared to 13 weeks. In conclusion, this study showed no adverse issues resulting from 12 week use of probiotic Lactobacillus strains GR-1 and RC-14 during pregnancy in women at low risk for premature birth. The vaginal microbiota demonstrated flux irrespective of this oral probiotic administration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document