scholarly journals Thermoplastic Cellulose-Based Compound for Additive Manufacturing

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1701
Author(s):  
Kirsi Immonen ◽  
Pia Willberg-Keyriläinen ◽  
Jarmo Ropponen ◽  
Asta Nurmela ◽  
Sini Metsä-Kortelainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Ester ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Propionate

The increasing environmental awareness is driving towards novel sustainable high-performance materials applicable for future manufacturing technologies like additive manufacturing (AM). Cellulose is abundantly available renewable and sustainable raw material. This work focused on studying the properties of thermoplastic cellulose-based composites and their properties using injection molding and 3D printing of granules. The aim was to maximize the cellulose content in composites. Different compounds were prepared using cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and commercial cellulose acetate propionate with plasticizer (CP) as polymer matrices, microcellulose (mc) and novel cellulose-ester additives; cellulose octanoate (C8) and cellulose palmitate (C16). The performance of compounds was compared to a commercial poly(lactic acid)-based cellulose fiber containing composite. As a result, CP-based compounds had tensile and Charpy impact strength properties comparable to commercial reference, but lower modulus. CP-compounds showed glass transition temperature (Tg) over 58% and heat distortion temperature (HDT) 12% higher compared to reference. CAP with C16 had HDT 82.1 °C. All the compounds were 3D printable using granular printing, but CAP compounds had challenges with printed layer adhesion. This study shows the potential to tailor thermoplastic cellulose-based composite materials, although more research is needed before obtaining all-cellulose 3D printable composite material with high-performance.

The Research Development of Cellulose Acetate Fiber and Cellulose Acetate Nanofiber Used as Filtering Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 671 ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Ping Si ◽  
Shu Jie Zhang ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
Jian Hua Cao ◽  
Zhi Xiang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Filter Materials ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Fiber ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose Fiber

Cellulose acetate(CA) fiber is a kind of regenerated cellulose fiber that with cellulose and acetic acid as raw material,and obtained through esterification reaction.The fiber has features of environmental protection,natural,non-toxic and good degradability.CA nanofiber is prepared by the electrostatic spinning technology has excellent performance and has been closely watched.The application of CA fiber and CA nanofiber in filtering materials was summarized.The application of CA fiber in cigarette filter holder and the research development of CA nanofiber in air filter materials, biomedical filter material,metal ions adsorption and other filter material was emphaticly expounded.

scholarly journals KAJIAN AWAL PEMANFAATAN PULP DARI LIMBAH KEMASAN ASEPTIK UNTUK PEMBUATAN SELULOSA ASETAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahammad Khadafi ◽  
Yuniarti P. Kencana
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Acid Anhydride ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Packaging Waste ◽  
Acetyl Content ◽  
Aseptic Packaging

The use of aseptic packaging in the world is still increasing from year to year, this causes a new matter like midden. Recycling the aseptic packaging is one of the efforts to utilize this waste. The raw material used for cellulose acetate crystal can be obtained from recycling process of aseptic packaging waste. This can be possible because pulp from aseptic packaging contain 72% needle unbleached virgin pulp. The purpose of this reasearch is to diversify the use of aseptic packaging waste by improving the technology process of acetylation for making cellulose acetate crystal. Aseptic packaging pulp was tested for the parameters such as water content, ash content, holocellulose content, α-cellulose content, lignin content, and hemicellulose content. This tested was used to know the eligibility of pulp for making cellulose acetate. The pulp was soaked with water and glacial acetic acid for swelling and conditioning. The acetylation process was done with adding glacial acetic acid and acetic acid anhydride in certain composition. Based on ASTM D 871-96 testing method, we obtained the optimum condition of acetyl content is 36.85% by adding 2.25 mL water and 35 mL acetic acid anhydride, whereas with the addition of 2.75 mL water and 30 mL acetic acid anhydride 28.28% acetyl content were obtained.Keywords : aseptic packaging pulp, acetate cellulose, acetylation process, acetyl content  ABSTRAKPenggunaan kemasan aseptik yang meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, menimbulkan masalah baru berupa limbah. Salah satu upaya pemanfaatan limbah adalah melalui proses daur ulang. Hasil proses daur ulang ini diantaranya dapat dijadikan substitusi bahan baku produk derivat selulosa berupa selulosa asetat, karena limbah kemasan aseptik mengandung pulp virgin serat panjang 72%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk diversifikasi penggunaan dan pemanfaatan limbah kemasan aseptik melalui proses daur ulang dan penguasaan teknologi proses asetilasi untuk produk selulosa asetat. Pulp kemasan aseptik diuji dengan parameter kadar air, kadar abu, kadar holoselulosa, kadar α selulosa, kadar lignin, dan kadar hemiselulosa untuk mengetahui apakah pulp kemasan aseptik memenuhi persyaratan untuk dibuat selulosa asetat. Perendaman pulp dilakukan dengan air dan asam asetat glasial, kemudian diperas untuk mengkondisikan pulp sebelum proses asetilasi. Proses asetilasi dilakukan dengan menambahkan asam asetat glasial dan asam asetat anhidrida dalam jumlah tertentu. Berdasarkan metode ASTMD 871-96 diperoleh kadar asetil optimal dari kristal selulosa asetat sebesar 36,85% dengan penambahan air 2,25 mL dan asetat anhydrida 35 ml, sedangkan untuk penambahan asam asetat anhidrida 30 mL dan air 2,75 mL diperoleh kadar asetil 28,28%.Kata kunci : pulp kemasan aseptik, selulosa asetat, asetilasi, kadar asetil

Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Selulosa Asetat dari A-Selulosa Fiber Cake Kelapa Sawit

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
Indarianti Utami ◽  
Abu Hasan ◽  
Robert Junaidi
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulose Diacetate ◽  
Acetyl Content ◽  
High Product Yield ◽  
Solid Form

Penelitian tentang sintesis dan karakterisasi selulosa asetat dari  ?-selulosa fiber cake kelapa sawit ini telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan anhidrida asetat sebagai acetylating agent. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan selulosa asetat dengan klasifikasi selulosa diasetat yang memiliki yield produk yang tinggi, mempelajari pengaruh variasi rasio selulosa:anhidrida asetat, waktu asetilasi, dan suhu asetilasi untuk mendapatkan selulosa asetat dengan kondisi yang optimal dari ?-selulosa fiber cake kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi rasio selulosa:anhidrida asetat (1:5; 1:10; 1:15), waktu asetilasi (0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5)jam, dan suhu asetilasi (25 dan 40) oC menghasilkan 30 sampel produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selulosa asetat yang didapatkan berupa selulosa diasetat dengan bentuk padatan berupa serbuk, berwarna putih gading, dan tidak berbau serta memiliki kadar ?-selulosa sebesar 84,29 % dengan kadar air 9,16 % pada rasio selulosa:anhidrida asetat (1:10), waktu asetilasi 1,5 jam, dan suhu asetilasi 40oC dengan nilai yield produk, kadar asetil, dan derajat substitusi berturut-turut 49 %, 39,97 %, dan 2,5.   Research on the synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate from palm oil ?-cellulose fiber cake has been carried out using acetic anhydride as an acetylating agent. This study aims to obtain cellulose acetate with cellulose diacetate classification which has a high product yield, study the effect of variations in the ratio of cellulose:acetic anhydride, acetylation time, and acetylation temperature to obtain cellulose acetate with optimal conditions from palm oil ?-cellulose fiber cake. This study used variations in the ratio of cellulose:acetic anhydride (1:5; 1:10; 1:15), acetylation time (0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5) hours, and acetylation temperature (25 and 40) oC produces 30 product samples. The results showed that the cellulose acetate obtained was in the form of cellulose diacetate with a solid form in the form of powder, ivory white, and odorless and had 84.29% of a-cellulose content with 9.16% of a moisture content at the ratio of cellulose:acetic anhydride (1 :10), acetylation time 1.5 hours, and acetylation temperature 40oC with product yield, acetyl content, and degree of substitution 84.6%, 39.97%, and 2.5, respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Properties of Cellulose Ester Films that Incorporate Essential Oils

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Atanu Biswas ◽  
Maria do Socorro Rocha Bastos ◽  
Roselayne Ferro Furtado ◽  
Gary Kuzniar ◽  
Veera Boddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Cellulose Ester ◽  
Cellulose Esters ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Propionate ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Acetate Butyrate

Films made from cellulose esters are often used as bio-based food packaging materials. In this work, we studied the incorporation of nine essential oils into cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, and cellulose acetate butyrate. The essential oils were derived from lime, nutmeg, eugenol, pimenta berry, rosemary, petitgrain, coffee, anise, and trans-cinnamaldehyde. In almost all cases, the addition of essential oils to cellulose ester reduced tensile strength and Young’s modulus but increased elongation at break. Thus, an essential oil acted like a plasticizer that enhanced the flexibility of the polymer. Essential oils containing limonene and pinenes (e.g., from lime and nutmeg) gave the strongest plasticizing action, whereas essentials oils containing fatty acids (e.g., from coffee) were the weakest plasticizers. The water barrier property was improved the most when essential oils were added to cellulose acetate; however, different cellulose ester/essential oil combinations showed different effects. Whereas most of the essential oils decreased the transparency of the films, eugenol, pimento berry, and anise were notable exceptions. Thus, depending on a specific application, a particular polymer/EO combination can be used to give the optimal performance.

scholarly journals Formosolv Pretreatment to Fractionate Paulownia Wood Following a Biorefinery Approach: Isolation and Characterization of the Lignin Fraction

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Elena Domínguez ◽  
Pablo G. del Río ◽  
Aloia Romaní ◽  
Gil Garrote ◽  
Patricia Gullón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Paulownia Wood

Paulownia is a rapid-growth tree with a high biomass production rate per year and low demand of water, which make it very suitable for intercropping systems, as it protects the crops from adverse climatic conditions, benefiting the harvest yields. Moreover, these characteristics make Paulownia a suitable raw material able to be fractionated in an integrated biorefinery scheme to obtain multiple products using a cascade conversion approach. Different delignification pretreatments of biomass have been purposed as a first stage of a lignocellulosic biorefinery. In this study, the formosolv delignification of Paulownia wood was investigated using a second order face-centered factorial design to assess the effects of the independent variables (concentrations of formic and hydrochloric acids and reaction time) on the fractionation of Paulownia wood. The maximum delignification achieved in this study (78.5%) was obtained under following conditions: 60 min, and 95% and 0.05% formic and hydrochloric acid, respectively. In addition, the remained solid phases were analyzed to determine their cellulose content and cooking liquors were also chemically analyzed and characterized. Finally, the recovered lignin by precipitation from formosolv liquor and the pristine lignin (milled wood lignin) in Paulownia wood were characterized and compared by the following techniques FTIR, NMR, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and TGA. This complete characterization allowed verifying the capacity of the formosolv process to act on the lignin, causing changes in its structure, which included both phenomena of depolymerization and condensation.

Pemanfaatan A-Selulosa Fiber Cake Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Alternatif Bahan Baku Nitroselulosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Reni Putri ◽  
Robert Junaidi ◽  
Mustain Mustain
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Pre Treatment

Dengan kadar selulosa yang tinggi, fiber cake kelapa sawit dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan nitroselulosa. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan nitroselulosa dari ?-Selulosa fiber cake kelapa sawit yang memiliki yield produk dan kadar nitrogen yang tinggi dengan waktu yang singkat. Percobaan dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan yaitu tahap pre-treatment bahan baku, tahap pembuatan nitroselulosa melalui proses nitrasi dan tahap analisis produk nitroselulosa. Konversi ?-selulosa fiber cake kelapa sawit menjadi nitroselulosa dilakukan dengan variasi asam penitrasi dengan perbandingan H2SO4 98% dengan HNO3 70% sebesar 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 dan 1:5, waktu reaksi pada proses nitrasi selama 30 dan 40 menit serta variasi.suhu proses nitrasi 10-15oC dan 15-20oC. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kondisi optimal proses pembuatan nitroselulosa dari fiber cake kelapa sawit dicapai pada rasio asam penitrasi sebesar 1:1 dengan suhu nitrasi 15-20oC dan waktu nitrasi selama 40 menit. Pada kondisi ini diperoleh yield sebesar 95,0% dengan kadar nitrogen sebesar 9,9%.    With high cellulose content, fiber cake palm oil can be used as a raw material for the manufacture of nitrocellulose. This experiment aims to produce nitrocellulose from fiber cake palm oil which has high yield product and high nitrogen content. The experiment was carried out in three stages, namely the pre-treatment of raw materials, the stage of making nitrocellulose through the nitration process and the analysis stage of the nitrocellulose product. The conversion of ?-cellulose fiber cake into nitrocellulose was carried out by varying the acid nitrate with a ratio of H2SO4 98% with HNO3 70% at 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5, The reaction is in the nitration process for 30 and 40 minutes and the variation of the nitration process temperature is 10-15oC and 15-20oC. From the results of the study it is known that the optimal conditions for the process of making nitrocellulose from fiber cake palm oil are achieved at a nitrating acid ratio of 1 :1 with a nitration temperature of 15-20oC and a nitration time of 40 minutes. In this condition, yield of 95,0% was obtained with nitrogen content of 9,9%.

The Utilization of Ftir (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) Method Combined with Chemometrics For Authentication of Indonesian Coffee Powder

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firmansyah A. ◽  
Winingsih W. ◽  
Soebara Y S
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Total Reflectance ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Analysis of natural product remain challenging issues for analytical chemist, since natural products are complicated system of mixture. The most popular methods of choice used for quality control of raw material and finished product are high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The utilization of FTIR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance) method in natural product analysis is still limited. This study attempts to expand the use of FTIR spectroscopy in authenticating Indonesian coffee powder.The coffee samples studied were taken from nine regions in Indonesia, namely Aceh Gayo, Flores, Kintamani, Mandheling, Papua, Sidikalang, Toraja, Kerinci and Lampung.The samples in the form of coffee bean from various regions were powdered . The next step conducted was to determine the spectrum using the FTIR-ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) using ZnSe crystal of 8000 resolution. Spectrum samples, then, were analyzed using chemometrics. The utilized chemometric model was the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Based on the chemometric analysis, there are similarities between Aceh Gayo coffee with Toraja coffee, Mandailing coffee, Kintamani coffee and Flores coffee. Sidikalang coffee has a similarity to Flores coffee; Papua coffee has a similarity to Sidikalang coffee; Lampung coffee has a similarity to Sidikalang coffee, while Kerinci coffee has a similarity to Papua coffee.

Analysis of Sound Reduction and Strong Drag Composite Concrete Fibers Gedebok Banana Results Delignification with Sodium Hydroxide Solvent (Naoh)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rouf Suprayogi ◽  
Annisa Mufida ◽  
Edwin Azwar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulose Powder ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Sound Reduction

In composite science, desirable materials that are lighter but have the power and quality that can match or even exceed the material that has been there before. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cellulose fiber addition from banana gedebok to tensile strength, compressive strength and damping of concrete composite sound. To achieve this objective, mixing of cellulose fibers with K-275 quality concrete mix with variation of 0% and 5% substitution in which the cellulose is varied in powder and wicker form. Delignification of lignin content from banana gedebok was done by soaking and drying method without any variation and yielding powder having cellulose content of 13,0388%, hemicellulose 18,2796% and lignin 0,6684%. This study produces concrete composites that have a tensile strength and a compressive strength lower than that of normal concrete. Normally reinforced concrete tensile strength value 94.5 kg / cm2, 71.4 kg / cm2 cellulose powder concrete and 90.3 kg / cm2 cellulose woven concrete. Normal concrete compressive strength value 334,22 kg / cm2, cellulose powder concrete 215,7 kg / cm2, and cellulose webbing concrete 157,98 kg / cm2. As for the power damping sound of cellulose webbing concrete has the highest damping power compared to other concrete with the absorbed sound intensity that is 52-68 dB

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