scholarly journals The Potency of Seaweed Sulfated Polysaccharides for the Correction of Hemostasis Disorders in COVID-19

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2618
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Kuznetsova ◽  
Boris G. Andryukov ◽  
Ilona D. Makarenkova ◽  
Tatyana S. Zaporozhets ◽  
Natalya N. Besednova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Hemostasis System

Hemostasis disorders play an important role in the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and outcome of COVID-19. First of all, the hemostasis system suffers due to a complicated and severe course of COVID-19. A significant number of COVID-19 patients develop signs of hypercoagulability, thrombocytopenia, and hyperfibrinolysis. Patients with severe COVID-19 have a tendency toward thrombotic complications in the venous and arterial systems, which is the leading cause of death in this disease. Despite the success achieved in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, the search for new effective anticoagulants, thrombolytics, and fibrinolytics, as well as their optimal dose strategies, continues to be relevant. The wide therapeutic potential of seaweed sulfated polysaccharides (PSs), including anticoagulant, thrombolytic, and fibrinolytic activities, opens up new possibilities for their study in experimental and clinical trials. These natural compounds can be important complementary drugs for the recovery from hemostasis disorders due to their natural origin, safety, and low cost compared to synthetic drugs. In this review, the authors analyze possible pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the hemostasis disorders observed in the pathological progression of COVID-19, and also focus the attention of researchers on seaweed PSs as potential drugs aimed to correction these disorders in COVID-19 patients. Modern literature data on the anticoagulant, antithrombotic, and fibrinolytic activities of seaweed PSs are presented, depending on their structural features (content and position of sulfate groups on the main chain of PSs, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and type of glycosidic bonds, the degree of PS chain branching, etc.). The mechanisms of PS action on the hemostasis system and the issues of oral bioavailability of PSs, important for their clinical use as oral anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents, are considered. The combination of the anticoagulant, thrombolytic, and fibrinolytic properties, along with low toxicity and relative cheapness of production, open up prospects for the clinical use of PSs as alternative sources of new anticoagulant and antithrombotic compounds. However, further investigation and clinical trials are needed to confirm their efficacy.

Anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity of seaweed sulfated polysaccharides

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.А. Кузнецова
Keyword(s):  
Main Chain ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Antithrombotic Activity ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Alternative Sources

Представлены современные литературные данные по антикоагулянтной, антитромботической и фибринолитической активности сульфатированных полисахаридов (ПС) морских водорослей в зависимости от их структурных особенностей (содержания и положения сульфатных групп на главной цепи ПС, молекулярной массы, моносахаридного состава и типа гликозидных связей, характера разветвления и др.). Обсуждаются механизмы действия ПС на систему гемостаза в сравнительном аспекте по отношению к гепарину. Рассматриваются вопросы пероральной биодоступности ПС, важные для их клинического использования в качестве пероральных антикоагулянтов и антитромботических средств. Сочетание свойств антикоагулянтов, ингибиторов тромбина, фибринолитиков наряду с низкой токсичностью и относительной дешевизной производства открывают перспективы для клинического использования ПС в качестве альтернативных источников новых антикоагулянтных и антитромботических соединений. Modern literature data on the anticoagulant, antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activity of sulfated polysaccharides of seaweed (PS) are presented, depending on their structural features (content and position of sulfate groups on the main chain of PS, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and type of glycosidic bonds, the degree of PS chain branching, etc.). The mechanisms of PS action on hemostasis are discussed in a comparative to heparin. The questions of oral bioavailability of PS, important for their clinical use as oral anticoagulants and antithrombotic agents, are considered. The combination of the anticoagulant, thrombolytic, fibrinolytic properties together with low toxicity and relative cheapness of production open up prospects for the clinical use of PS as alternative sources of new anticoagulant and antithrombotic compounds.

The Potential of Fucose-Containing Sulfated Polysaccharides As Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (35) ◽  
pp. 6399-6411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Nunes ◽  
Manuel A. Coimbra
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Pathogen Inhibition ◽  
Health Applications

Marine environments have a high quantity and diversity of sulfated polysaccharides. In coastal regions brown algae are the most abundant biomass producers and their cell walls have fucosecontaining sulfated polysaccharides (FCSP), known as fucans and/or fucoidans. These sulfated compounds have been widely researched for their biomedical properties, namely the immunomodulatory, haemostasis, pathogen inhibition, anti-inflammatory capacity, and antitumoral. These activities are probably due to their ability to mimic the carbohydrate moieties of mammalian glycosaminoglycans. Therefore, the FCSP are interesting compounds for application in health-related subjects, mainly for developing scaffolds for delivery systems or tissue regeneration. FCSP showed potential for these applications also due to their ability to form stable 3D structures with other polymers able to entrap therapeutic agents or cell and growth factors, besides their biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, for the clinical use of these biopolymers well-defined reproducible molecules are required in order to accurately establish relationships between structural features and human health applications.

Bioactive Algal-Derived Polysaccharides: Multi-Functionalization, Therapeutic Potential and Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1147-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Idayu Muhamad ◽  
Nabilah Zulkifli ◽  
Suguna a/p Selvakumaran ◽  
Nurul Asmak Md Lazim
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Wide Range

Background: In recent decades, there has been an increased interest in the utilization of polysaccharides showing biological activity for various novel applications owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and some specific therapeutic activities. Increasing studies have started in the past few years to develop algal polysaccharides-based biomaterials for various applications. Methods: Saccharide mapping or enzymatic profiling plays a role in quality control of polysaccharides. Whereby, in vitro and in vivo tests as well as toxicity level discriminating polysaccharides biological activities. Extraction and purification methods are performed in obtaining algal derived polysaccharides followed by chromatographic profiles of their active compounds, structural features, physicochemical properties, and reported biological activities. Results: Marine algae are capable of synthesizing Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and non-GAGs or GAG mimetics such as sulfated glycans. The cell walls of algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, ulvan and fucoidan. These biopolymers are widely used algal-derived polysaccharides for biological and biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and availability. They constitute biochemical compounds that have multi-functionalization, therapeutic potential and immunomodulatory abilities, making them promising bioactive products and biomaterials with a wide range of biomedical applications. Conclusion: Algal-derived polysaccharides with clearly elucidated compositions/structures, identified cellular activities, as well as desirable physical properties have shown the potential that may create new opportunities. They could be maximally exploited to serve as therapeutic tools such as immunoregulatory agents or drug delivery vehicles. Hence, novel strategies could be applied to tailor multi-functionalization of the polysaccharides from algal species with vast biomedical application potentials.

scholarly journals Key Chemokine Pathways in Atherosclerosis and Their Therapeutic Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 3825
Author(s):  
Andrea Bonnin Márquez ◽  
Emiel P. C. van der Vorst ◽  
Sanne L. Maas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Chemokine Signaling ◽  
Detailed Imaging

The search to improve therapies to prevent or treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rages on, as CVDs remain a leading cause of death worldwide. Here, the main cause of CVDs, atherosclerosis, and its prevention, take center stage. Chemokines and their receptors have long been known to play an important role in the pathophysiological development of atherosclerosis. Their role extends from the initiation to the progression, and even the potential regression of atherosclerotic lesions. These important regulators in atherosclerosis are therefore an obvious target in the development of therapeutic strategies. A plethora of preclinical studies have assessed various possibilities for targeting chemokine signaling via various approaches, including competitive ligands and microRNAs, which have shown promising results in ameliorating atherosclerosis. Developments in the field also include detailed imaging with tracers that target specific chemokine receptors. Lastly, clinical trials revealed the potential of various therapies but still require further investigation before commencing clinical use. Although there is still a lot to be learned and investigated, it is clear that chemokines and their receptors present attractive yet extremely complex therapeutic targets. Therefore, this review will serve to provide a general overview of the connection between various chemokines and their receptors with atherosclerosis. The different developments, including mouse models and clinical trials that tackle this complex interplay will also be explored.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Features and Updated Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-Derived Exosomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Byung-Chul Lee ◽  
Insung Kang ◽  
Kyung-Rok Yu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Cellular Rejection

Identification of the immunomodulatory and regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have made them an attractive alternative therapeutic option for diseases with no effective treatment options. Numerous clinical trials have followed; however, issues such as infusional toxicity and cellular rejection have been reported. To address these problems associated with cell-based therapy, MSC exosome therapy was developed and has shown promising clinical outcomes. MSC exosomes are nanosized vesicles secreted from MSCs and represent a non-cellular therapeutic agent. MSC exosomes retain therapeutic features of the cells from which they originated including genetic material, lipids, and proteins. Similar to MSCs, exosomes can induce cell differentiation, immunoregulation, angiogenesis, and tumor suppression. MSC exosomes have therefore been employed in several experimental models and clinical studies. Here, we review the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived exosomes and summarize currently ongoing clinical trials according to disease type. In addition, we propose several functional enhancement strategies for the effective clinical application of MSC exosome therapy.

2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials for nonlinear optics

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1787-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Han ◽  
Yongshen Zheng ◽  
Siqian Chai ◽  
Songhua Chen ◽  
Jialiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Inorganic Hybrid ◽  
Quantum Well Structures

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites feature characteristics of inherent quantum-well structures and intriguing optoelectronic properties, and have therefore attracted enormous research attention for their optical applications in light emitting, sensing, modulation, and telecommunication devices. The low-cost and solution-processed fabrications as well as alternative organic spacer cations endue 2D hybrid perovskites with higher tunability in optical and photonic applications. In particular, they demonstrate distinguished nonlinear optical characters such as second-harmonic generation (SHG), two-photon absorption (2PA), and saturable absorption (SA) under the excitation of laser pulses. Here, we discuss the construction of the various sorts of 2D hybrid perovskites with different structural features. We have also highlighted some representative properties and applications of these 2D hybrid perovskites in both linear and nonlinear optical regimes.

Fast Screening for Antioxidant Properties of Flavonoids from Pterogyne nitens Using Electrochemical Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Luiz Okumura ◽  
Luis Octávio Regasini Regasini ◽  
Daniara Cristina Fernandes ◽  
Dulce Helena Siqueira da Silva ◽  
Maria Valnice Boldrin Zanoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Nonaqueous Media ◽  
Electrochemical Detector ◽  
Fast Screening

Abstract A fast, low-cost, convenient, and especially sensitive voltammetric screening approach for the study of the antioxidant properties of isoquercitrin and pedalitin from Pterogyne nitens is suggested in this work. These flavonoids were investigated for their redox properties using cyclic voltammetry in nonaqueous media using N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluorborate as the supporting electrolyte, a glassy carbon working electrode, Ag|AgCl reference electrode, and Pt bare wire counter electrode. The comparative analysis of the activity of rutin has also been carried out. Moreover, combining HPLC with an electrochemical detector allowed qualitative and quantitative detection of micromolecules (e.g., isoquercitrin and pedalitin) that showed antioxidant activities. These results were then correlated to the inhibition of β-carotene bleaching determined by TLC autographic assay and to structural features of the flavonoids.

Therapeutic properties of organotin complexes with reference to their structural and environmental features

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Saqib Ali ◽  
Ali Haider ◽  
Nasir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Modes Of Interaction

AbstractOrganotin complexes are being extensively studied and screened for their therapeutic potential. Although many recent advances and achievements in this field have been made, the exact mode of action of these complexes is yet to be unveiled. In the present review, an attempt has been made to correlate the therapeutic properties of organotin complexes with their structural features and the environment in which these interact with biological systems. The mechanism, various modes of interaction with biological systems, and physiological target sites of organotin complexes have been highlighted as well.

From mesenchymal stem cells and stromal cells - from bench to bedside

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Bernd Giebel ◽  
Verena Börger ◽  
Mario Gimona ◽  
Eva Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cell Replacement ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Promising Tool

Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a promising tool in regenerative medicine. Until now, almost one thousand NIH-registered clinical trials investigated their immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative therapeutic potential in various diseases. Despite controversial reports regarding the efficacy of MSC-treatments, MSCs appear to exert their beneficial effects in a paracrine manner rather than by cell replacement. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, seem to induce the MSCs’ therapeutic effects. Here, we briefly illustrate the potential of MSC-EVs as therapeutic agent of the future.

Contemporary Clinical Use of Aspirin: Mechanisms of Action, Current Concepts, Unresolved Questions, and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Christiansen ◽  
Erik Lerkevang Grove ◽  
Anne-Mette Hvas
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Action Current ◽  
Potential Clinical Benefit ◽  
Treatment Indications ◽  
Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease

AbstractThe ability of aspirin to inhibit platelet aggregation has positioned this agent within the most frequently used drugs worldwide. The aim of this article is to review the contemporary clinical use of aspirin and also to discuss unresolved issues not yet translated into clinical practice. Results from several clinical trials have led to strong guideline recommendations for aspirin use in the acute management and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. On the contrary, guidelines regarding aspirin use as primary prevention of cardiovascular disease are almost conservative, supported by recent trials reporting that the bleeding risk outweighs the potential benefits in most patients. In pregnancy, aspirin has proved efficient in preventing preeclampsia and small-for-gestational-age births in women at high risk, and is hence widely recommended in clinical guidelines. Despite the vast amount of clinical data on aspirin, several unresolved questions remain. Randomized trials have reported that aspirin reduces the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism, but the clinical relevance remains limited, because direct oral anticoagulants are more effective. Laboratory studies suggest that a twice-daily dosing regimen or evening intake may lead to more efficient platelet inhibition, and the potential clinical benefit of such strategies is currently being explored in ongoing clinical trials. Enteric-coated formulations of aspirin are frequently used, but it remains unclear if they are safer and as efficient as plain aspirin. In the future, aspirin use after percutaneous coronary interventions might not be mandatory in patients who also need anticoagulant therapy, as several trials support shorter aspirin duration strategies. On the other hand, new treatment indications for aspirin will likely arise, as there is growing evidence that aspirin may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer and other types of cancer.

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