scholarly journals Mesoporous Poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) Particles for Efficient and Selective Phosphate and Sulfate Removal

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6615
Author(s):  
Konstantin B. L. Borchert ◽  
Christine Steinbach ◽  
Berthold Reis ◽  
Niklas Gerlach ◽  
Philipp Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Hybrid Particles ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Sulfate Removal ◽  
Adsorption Capacities

Due to the existence-threatening risk to aquatic life and entire ecosystems, the removal of oxyanions such as sulfate and phosphate from anthropogenic wastewaters, such as municipal effluents and acid mine drainage, is inevitable. Furthermore, phosphorus is an indispensable resource for worldwide plant fertilization, which cannot be replaced by any other substance. This raises phosphate to one of the most important mineral resources worldwide. Thus, efficient recovery of phosphate is essential for ecosystems and the economy. To face the harsh acidic conditions, such as for acid mine drainage, an adsorber material with a high chemical resistivity is beneficial. Poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) (PMF) sustains these conditions whilst its very high amount of nitrogen functionalities (up to 53.7 wt.%) act as efficient adsorption sides. To increase adsorption capacities, PMF was synthesized in the form of mesoporous particles using a hard-templating approach yielding specific surface areas up to 409 m2/g. Different amounts of silica nanospheres were utilized as template and evaluated for the adsorption of sulfate and phosphate ions. The adsorption isotherms were validated by the Langmuir model. Due to their properties, the PMF particles possessed outperforming maximum adsorption capacities of 341 and 251 mg/g for phosphate and sulfate, respectively. Furthermore, selective adsorption of sulfate from mixed solutions of phosphate and sulfate was found for silica/PMF hybrid particles.

scholarly journals Recent developments in materials used for the removal of metal ions from acid mine drainage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tebogo M. Mokgehle ◽  
Nikita T. Tavengwa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Ion Imprinted ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ion Imprinted Polymers

AbstractAcid mine drainage is the reaction of surface water with sub-surface water located on sulfur bearing rocks, resulting in sulfuric acid. These highly acidic conditions result in leaching of non-biodegradeable heavy metals from rock which then accumulate in flora, posing a significant environmental hazard. Hence, reliable, cost effective remediation techniques are continuously sought after by researchers. A range of materials were examined as adsorbents in the extraction of heavy metal ions from acid mine drainage (AMD). However, these materials generally have moderate to poor adsorption capacities. To address this problem, researchers have recently turned to nano-sized materials to enhance the surface area of the adsorbent when in contact with the heavy metal solution. Lately, there have been developments in studying the surface chemistry of nano-engineered materials during adsorption, which involved alterations in the physical and chemical make-up of nanomaterials. The resultant surface engineered nanomaterials have been proven to show rapid adsorption rates and remarkable adsorption capacities for removal of a wide range of heavy metal contaminants in AMD compared to the unmodified nanomaterials. A brief overview of zeolites as adsorbents and the developent of nanosorbents to modernly applied magnetic sorbents and ion imprinted polymers will be discussed. This work provides researchers with thorough insight into the adsorption mechanism and performance of nanosorbents, and finds common ground between the past, present and future of these versatile materials.

Mechanisms and Remediation Technologies of Sulfate Removal from Acid Mine Drainage

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3252-3256
Author(s):  
Mei Qin Chen ◽  
Feng Ji Wu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Sulfate Ion ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biological Reduction ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Sulfate Removal ◽  
Co Precipitation

Acid mine drainage (AMD) has properties of extreme acidification, quantities of sulfate and elevated levels of soluble heavy metals. It was a widespread environmental problem that caused adverse effects to the qualities of ground water and surface water. In the past decades, most of investigations were focused on the heavy metals as their toxicities for human and animals. As another main constitution of AMD, sulfate ion is nontoxic, yet high concentration of sulfate ion can cause many problems such as soil acidification, metal corrosion and health problems. More attention should be paid on the sulfate ion when people focus on the AMD. In the paper, sulfate removal mechanisms include adsorption, precipitation, co-precipitation and biological reduction were analyzed and summarized. Meanwhile, the remediation technologies, especially the applications of them in China were also presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Governance and socio-political issues in management of acid mine drainage in South Africa

Water Policy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Charles Mpofu ◽  
Thabiso John Morodi ◽  
Johan Petrus Hattingh
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Black Economic Empowerment ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Abstract The water resources in South Africa are threatened by current and past mining practices such as abandoned and closed mines. While mining is considered valuable for its contribution to this country's gross domestic product, its polluting effects on water and land resources have been criticised as unsustainable. Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one specific public health and ecological issue that has stirred debates in political and social circles in this country. This paper examines the scalar politics and other related dimensions of water and AMD governance, thereby revealing evidence of deep-rooted challenges regarding the governance of water and mineral resources. The specific focus is on the socio-political context of labour laws and Black Economic Empowerment and the decision-making processes adopted by government. Thus, this paper has implications for the improvement of environmental governance and decision-making strategies and the adoption of a national strategy for adequately addressing AMD and related policy issues.

scholarly journals Effect of COD/SO42- Supply Ratio Variations of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria of Sulphood Raise in Acid Mine Drainage

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 05009
Author(s):  
Hardyanti Nurandani ◽  
Utomo Sudarno ◽  
Oktaviana Angelica ◽  
Serafina Katrin ◽  
Junaidi Junaidi
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Sulfate Removal

Sulphur dioxide gas is one of most contaminating gas in the air. Sulphur gas can be produced by mining activities. Sulphur gas will be harmful if bond with CO2 to form as Sulphur Dioxide. To reduce the Sulphur Dioxide gas concentration we must inhibite the sulphur gas formation from mining activities. The inhibition of sulphur gas could be done by reduce the sulphate concentration in acid mine drainage. One of important factor that influencing the reduce of sulphate is COD/SO42- ratio. The effect of COD/SO42- ratio on bacterial growth and sulfate removal process can be investigated with anaerobic batch reactor. The laundry septic tank sediments were inoculated on an anaerobic batch reactor which were contacted with artificial coal acid mine water wastes with 1000 sulfate concentrations and 2000 mg SO42- /L. In an anaerobic batch reactor there are five reactors with variations of COD / SO42-1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 ratios. Efficiency ratio and the best sulfate removal rate is in reactor ratio 2.0 with value efficiency of 46.58% and a reduction rate of 29.128 mg / L.day in an anaerobic batch reactor. The efficiency of the removal rate decreased when the COD / SO42->2.0 ratio decreased. The fastest pH decline was in the COD/SO42-8.0 ratio variation in the anaerobic batch reactor and. The COD / SO42-ratio can help the sulfate reduction process in the optimum value by affecting the sulfate-reducing bacterial metabolism in the balance of the acceptor and the electron donor.

Treatment of Copper-Containing Acid Mine Drainage by Neutralization-Adsorption Process Using Calcite as Neutralizer and Polyhydroxamic Acid Resin as Adsorbent

2012 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Gang Zhao ◽  
Zhong Nan Wang ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Hong Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Solution ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Adsorption And Desorption Performance ◽  
Almost All

Acid solution and copper-containing acid mine drainage (AMD) was treated by neutralization-adsorption process. The results showed that pH can be adjusted to 4.0 by adding 10g·L-1calcite in acid solution with pH=1.0. Adsorption and desorption performance of poly(hydroxamic acid) (PHA) resin for Cu2+and Fe3+ions were investigated by column tests. The results showed that adsorption capacities of PHA for Cu2+and Fe3+ions were satisfying, and the metals adsorbed on PHA can be eluted by sulfuric acid solution effectively. AMD of Dexing copper mine of Jiangxi was treated as a sample. The results showed that 1.5g·L-1calcite can remove almost all of the Fe3+ion, and Cu2+ion can be removed by PHA and then be eluted by sulfuric acid solution with adsorption ratio of 98.95% and elution ratio of 98.50%, separately.

scholarly journals Stream Monitoring and Preliminary Co-Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage and Municipal Wastewater along Dunkard Creek Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyang Deng ◽  
Lian-shin Lin ◽  
Andrea Nana Ofori-Boadu
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Stream Monitoring ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Sulfate Removal ◽  
Wide Range

This study investigated coal-mine drainage (AMD) and municipal wastewater (MWW) contaminant concentrations and conducted the combined treatment in phases I and II: phase I, evaluating effects of mixing the two based on extent of acid neutralization and metals removal; phase II: conducting anaerobic batch reactor treatment of AMD and MWW under varying COD/sulfate ratios (0.04-5.0). In phase I, acid mine drainage water quality conditions are as follows: pH 4.5, acidity 467.5 mg/L as CaCO3, alkalinity 96.0 mg/L as CaCO3, Cl- 11.8 mg/L, SO42- 1722 mg/L, TDS 2757.5 mg/L, TSS 9.8 mg/L, BOD 14.7 mg/L, Fe 138.1 mg/L, Mg 110.8 mg/L. Mn 7.5 mg/L, Al 8.1 mg/L, Na 114.2 mg/L, and Ca 233.5 mg/L. Results of the mixing experiments indicated significant removal of selected metals (Fe 85~98%, Mg 0~65%, Mn 63~89%, Al 98~99%, Na 0~30%), acidity (77~95%) from the mine water and pH was raised to above 6.3. The Phase II results suggested under the wide range of COD/sulfate ratios, COD and sulfate removal varied from 37.4%-100% and 0%-93.5% respectively. During biological treatment, alkalinity was generated which leads to pH increase to around 7.6-8.5. The results suggested feasibility of the proposed technology for co-treatment of AMD and MWW. A conceptual design of co-treatment system which is expected to remove a matrix of pollutants has been provided to utilize all the locally available water resources to achieve the optimum treatment efficiency. The technology also offers an opportunity to significantly reduce capital and operating costs compared to the existing treatment methodologies used.

scholarly journals Biospeckle Optical Coherence Tomography (bOCT) in the Speedy Assessment of the Responses of the Seeds of Raphanus sativus L. (Kaiware Daikon) to Acid Mine Drainage (AMD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Danyang Li ◽  
Uma Maheswari Rajagopalan ◽  
Y. Sanath K. De Silva ◽  
Fenwu Liu ◽  
Hirofumi Kadono
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Short Time

The extraction of mineral resources from mines plays a vital role in global socio-economic development. However, acid mine drainage (AMD) has been one of the major pollutants, and a vast area of the agricultural fields has been polluted. Therefore, techniques for monitoring the response of plants to AMD that arise during mineral extraction are necessary. In addition, such a technique becomes especially valuable to understand how the plants could play a role in the phytoremediation of AMD. We propose the use of biospeckle Optical Coherence Tomography (bOCT) to investigate the response of Kaiware daikon seeds under the exposure to simulated AMD at two different concentrations of 40 mL/L and 80 mL/L. OCT images of the Kaiware daikon seed were obtained at a speed of 10 frames per second (1 frame: 512 × 2048 pixels) for a few tens of seconds. For each pixel of the OCT structural images, the contrast across the temporal axis was calculated to give biospeckle contrast OCT images (bOCT images). It was found that bOCT images clearly distinguished the changes due to 40 mL/L and 80 mL/L of AMD treatments from the control within a short time of around an hour, compared to the conventional OCT images that failed to show any changes. This variation was found to be statistically significant and could reflect the internal activity of the seeds. The proposed bOCT method could be a rapid, non-invasive technique for screening suitable plants in AMD phytoremediation applications.

scholarly journals Acid mine drainage mitigation: A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-118
Author(s):  
Daniel Lazo
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Acid Rock Drainage ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Acid Rock ◽  
Sulphide Minerals ◽  
Acid Mine

Acid mine drainage (AMD) or acid rock drainage (ARD) refers to the effluents from coal and metal mines. AMD is a common phenomenon which occurs naturally as a process of rock weathering, but is increased in large scale due to human activities such as construction contracts (transportation corridors, dam build, etc.) and mining operations. This phenomenon denotes the acidic water that is produced during exposure of sulphide minerals (mainly pyrite) to air and water through a natural process, and creates sulphuric acid. AMD is a hazard to animals, aquatic life and human beings as it increases the acidity and dissolves metals. Preventing and treating AMD is an important issue in a mine site not only during operation life but also after the mine is abandoned.

Integrated Sulfate Reduction and Biosorption Process for the Treatment of Mine Drainages

2017 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 582-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor Cotoras ◽  
Cristian Hurtado ◽  
Pabla Viedma
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Sulfate Concentration ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Biosorption Process ◽  
Sulfate Removal ◽  
Complex Organic ◽  
Economical Alternative

Sulfate is a pollutant present in the mining waste water and acid mine drainage. High levels of sulfate can generate important environmental problems. One of the alternatives proposed for the treatment of water with high levels of sulfate is the use of sulfate-reducing microorganisms. This work describes the synergistic combination of a treatment system for the removal of metals by biosorption with the strain Bacillus sp. NRRL-B-30881 to reduce the inhibiting concentration of metals in waters, followed by a new process of sulfate removal that uses a halotolerant sulfate-reducing microbial consortium. The results show that the sulfate reducing consortium can be cultured and is able to reduce the sulfate concentration using cheaper complex organic substrates like spirulina, cellulose and industrial starch. The sulfate reducing consortium was cultured on a bioreactor with Celite R-635, as support material. Using this bioreactor it was possible to reduce the sulfate concentration in the culture medium in batch or semi-continuous operation. An acid mine drainage was pretreated by lime and treated by biosortion in order to increase the pH and reduce the heavy metals concentration. Subsequently the remaining sulfate was removed by the developed process. This integrated biological process represents a more economical alternative for the removal of metal by biosortion and the removal of sulfate using a sulfate reducing consortium.

Design of a bioprocess for metal and sulfate removal from acid mine drainage

2018 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Hurtado ◽  
Pabla Viedma ◽  
Davor Cotoras
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Sulfate Removal
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