scholarly journals A Calorie-Restricted Ketogenic Diet Reduces Cerebral Cortex Vascularization in Prepubertal Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2681
Author(s):  
Viggiano ◽  
Meccariello ◽  
Santoro ◽  
Secondulfo ◽  
Operto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Prepubertal Rats

The antiepileptic effect of ketogenic diets is acknowledged but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. The present work aimed to evaluate possible effects of a calorie-restricted ketogenic diet (CRKD) on brain growth and angiogenesis in normal prepubertal rats. Two groups of prepubertal rats were fed with a standard diet (group 1) or a CRKD (group 2) for ten weeks. Then, rats were sacrificed and the thickness for the following structures was evaluated by histology: (1) cerebral cortex, (2) deep cerebral white matter, and (3) substantia nigra. The capillary density was also evaluated within: (1) cerebral cortex, (2) dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, (3) periaqueductal grey matter, and (4) substantia nigra. The results showed a smaller thickness of all the areas examined and a reduced capillary density within the cerebral cortex in the CRKD-treated group compared to the control group. These findings suggest an association between reduced angiogenesis within the cerebral cortex and the antiepileptic effects of CRKD.

scholarly journals Ketosis Proportionately Spares Glucose Utilization in Brain

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1307-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
Youzhi Kuang ◽  
Kui Xu ◽  
Donald Harris ◽  
Zhenghong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Ketogenic Diets

The brain is dependent on glucose as a primary energy substrate, but is capable of utilizing ketones such as β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate, as occurs with fasting, starvation, or chronic feeding of a ketogenic diet. The relationship between changes in cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (CMRglc) and degree or duration of ketosis remains uncertain. To investigate if CMRglc decreases with chronic ketosis, 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in combination with positron emission tomography, was applied in anesthetized young adult rats fed 3 weeks of either standard or ketogenic diets. Cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (μmol/min per 100 g) was determined in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum using Gjedde-Patlak analysis. The average CMRglc significantly decreased in the cerebral cortex (23.0 ±4.9 versus 32.9 ±4.7) and cerebellum (29.3 ± 8.6 versus 41.2 ±6.4) with increased plasma ketone bodies in the ketotic rats compared with standard diet group. The reduction of CMRg|c in both brain regions correlates linearly by ∼9% for each 1 mmol/L increase of total plasma ketone bodies (0.3 to 6.3 mmol/L). Together with our meta-analysis, these data revealed that the degree and duration of ketosis has a major role in determining the corresponding change in CMRglc with ketosis.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of a New Tablets Formulation fromTamarindus indicaL.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Rafael Rodriguez Amado ◽  
Ariadna Lafourcade Prada ◽  
Julio Cesar Escalona Arranz ◽  
Renato Pérez Rosés ◽  
Humberto Morris Quevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group I

Hepatotoxic chemicals damage liver cells primarily by producing reactive oxygen species. The decoction of the leaves ofTamarindus indicaL. is used for liver disorders. In this work we evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of a tablet formulation of this plant. Thirty-five Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=7). First group (I) is control group, fed with standard diet. Groups II to V (hepatotoxic groups) were subjected to a subcutaneous injection of CCl4(0.5 mL/kg). Group II was negative control, fed with standard diet; group III was subjected to administration of Silymarin 150 mg/kg and groups IV and V were treated with tablets in dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Lipid peroxidation and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione were evaluated. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and a lipid profile were evaluated too. The tablets inhibit lipid peroxidation. The redox balance (SOD-CAT-GSH) remains normal in the experimental groups treated with tablets. The liver function using dose of 200 mg/kg of tablets was better than the other experimental groups. These results justify, scientifically, the ethnobotanical use of the leaves ofTamarindus indicaL.

scholarly journals Growth rate and acid-base balance in turkeys fed a silage-containing diet modified by different dietary cation-anion difference

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 786-791
Author(s):  
Kamil Gruszczyński ◽  
Wacław Strobel ◽  
Marta Wójcik ◽  
Urszula Kosior-Korzecka ◽  
Joanna Wessely-Szponder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The aim of the study was to find the responses of acid-base parameters and performance parameters of turkeys to a corn silage (CS) diet with different values of the dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD). The turkeys were fed as follows: group A (control) – standard diet (SD) (60%) plus CS (40%); group B – SD (60%), CS (40%) plus 240 g of CaCl2 per100 kg of diet; group C – SD (60%), CS (40%) plus 480 g of CaCl2 per 100 kg of diet; group D – SD (60%), CS (40%) plus 240 g of NaHCO3 per 100 kg of diet; group E – SD (60%), CS (40%) plus 480 g NaHCO3 per 100 kg of diet. The addition of the smaller amount of CaCl2 reduced DCAD, which ranged between 49.75 ± 6.29 mEq/kg DM and 93.56 ± 3.34 mEq/kg DM. An increased content of CaCl2 led to high, negative values of DCAD. NaHCO3 supplemented in both doses resulted in a significant elevation of DCAD. The addition of CS to the SD led to a lower body weight in comparison to that in the B, C, D and E groups. Forage acidification and alkalization improves body weight gain (BWG) at every stage of feeding. Compared to the control group, the anion gap was insignificantly lower in birds exposed to the acidic diet, and was comparable to the decrease in HCO3 –. Conversely, the addition of NaHCO3 to the diet led to a marked elevation in HCO3 – to 29.63 ± 0.4 mEq/L in group D and to 30.3 ± 0.69 mEq/l in group E. In conclusion, a change in DCAD during the feeding of forage containing CS exerts stimulatory effects on productive parameters of turkeys....

scholarly journals Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Progression Delay After Brazilian Berry Extract Intake in Transgenic Mice (Tramp) Submitted to a High- Fat Diet (P05-016-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Cagnon ◽  
Ellen Lima ◽  
Celina Lamas ◽  
Andressa Baseggio ◽  
Larissa Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Tramp Mice ◽  
Peel Extract

Abstract Objectives Brazilian berries, such as Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg, present a high polyphenol concentration in the peel, showing an antioxidative property. The aim herein was to evaluate the antiangiogenic, antioxidant and proliferative effects of the Jaboticaba peel extract (patent BR 1020170054624) in early adenocarcinoma development in association with high-fat diet intake Methods Tramp mice were divided into 5 groups: Control group 8 (C8): 8 week-old mice; Control group 16 (C16): 16 week-old mice, standard diet; High-fat diet group (CH16): 16 week-old mice, high-fat diet; Jaboticaba standard diet group (JC): 16 week-old mice, standard diet and Jaboticaba intake; Jaboticaba high-fat diet group (HF): 16 week-old mice, high-fat diet and Jaboticaba intake. The 5.8 g Jaboticaba/Kg/body weight dose was administered five days per week for 2 months. The prostate was evaluated for proliferative, antiangiogenic and antioxidative markers, using morphology, immunohistochemistry and Western Blotting analyses. Results The prostate showed increased high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in the CH16 group. The Jaboticaba peel (JH group) led to decreased HGPIN. In both the JC and JH groups, a frequency increase of healthy prostatic epithelium was verified. A well-differentiated adenocarcinoma decrease was seen in the JC group. PCNA showed an increase in the CH16 group and a decrease in the JH group. VEGF had an increase in the CH16 group and a decrease after Jaboticaba peel extract intake. Catalase, SOD2, GR and 4HNE showed an increase in the CH16 group and all these molecules presented a decrease after Jaboticaba peel intake in the JH group. The TGFα protein level increased in the C16 and CH16 groups and decreased in the JC and JH groups. Conclusions To conclude, the high-fat diet intake intensified the severity of prostatic lesions. The Jaboticaba peel extract was effective in delaying prostatic adenocarcinoma progression, when administered at the early grades of cancer and considering the lesion severity. Jaboticaba peel intake showed antiangiogenic and antioxidant effects in the prostate, especially, after high-fat diet intake in Tramp mice, indicating a possible coadjuvant role of this natural compound in prostatic cancer therapy. Funding Sources Fapesp 18 045797.

scholarly journals Blood Flow Differences Between Leuko-araiosis with and without Lacunar Infarction

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Oishi ◽  
Yoko Mochizuki ◽  
Toshiaki Takasu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Lacunar Infarction ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Blood Flows

ABSTRACT:Background:The present study was designed to find the differences in regional cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular acetazolamide reactivity between leuko-araiosis with and without lacunar infarction.Methods:Fifteen cases of leuko-araiosis with lacunar infarction, 15 cases of leuko-araiosis without lacunar infarction and 15 age-matched controls in which leuko-araiosis and cerebrovascular diseases are absent (control group) were studied. The regional cerebral blood flow was measured using the stable xenon computed tomography method before and 20 minutes after intravenous injection of 17 mg/kg acetazolamide.Results:The blood flows in the leuko-araiosis area and the lacunar area were significantly lower than the blood flow in the cerebral white matter. The blood flows in the cerebral cortex and the cerebral white matter were significantly lower in the leuko-araiosis with lacunar infarction group than in the leuko-araiosis without lacunar infarction group and the control group. The cerebrovascular acetazolamide reactivity in the leuko-araiosis area and the lacunar area was significantly lower than that in the cerebral white matter. The cerebrovascular acetazolamide reactivity in the cerebral cortex and the cerebral white matter was significantly lower in the leuko-araiosis with lacunar infarction group than in the leuko-araiosis without lacunar infarction group and the control group.Conclusions:The degree of arteriolosclerosis is considered to be more severe and the rate of association of hypertension was higher in leuko-araiosis with lacunar infarction than in leuko-araiosis without lacunar infarction.

scholarly journals The Effect of Periodic Ketogenic Diet on Newly Diagnosed Overweight or Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumei Li ◽  
Guoxin Lin ◽  
Jinxing Chen ◽  
Zhenxin Chen ◽  
Feipeng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Diet Control

Abstract BackgroundTo observe the effect of periodic ketogenic diet intervention on newly diagnosed overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods60 overweight or obese T2DM patients were randomly divided into ketogenic diet group and diabetes diet control group, 30 patients in each group. The changes and significance of blood glucose, blood lipid, body weight, insulin, uric acid and other indicators before and after the intervention were observed.ResultsThe Weight, BMI, Waist, TG, TC, LDL, HDL, FBG, FINS, HbA1c of the two groups decreased significantly compared with the previous period (P < 0.05). However, UA showed an increasing trend in the ketogenic diet group and no significant change in UA in the diabetic diet control group (P > 0.05). Long-term adherence to the ketogenic diet was not as strong as that of the diabetic diet.ConclusionThe phased-ketogenic diet can control not only weight but also blood glucose and blood lipid in patients with overweight or obese T2DM. But long-term persistence is difficult.

Alterations in the biochemical parameters and the spermatic function generated by obesity in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 193-201
Author(s):  
Zahira Abbes ◽  
Demmouche A. ◽  
Menadi N. ◽  
Mai A. H. ◽  
Bahri M. R. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Consistent Change ◽  
Hyperlipidic Diet ◽  
Testicular Hypertrophy

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of a hyperlipidic diet set before puberty in male Wistar rats’ gonadal weights and testicular func-tions. Males rats were used for the study, they were randomly distributed into 2 groups: Control Group (CG: standard diet (normolipidemic) and the second: Intervention Group (IG: hyperlipidemic diet), after 7 days of experi-mentation, 3 rats were sacrificed per week, blood samples were collected and level of HDL, LDL and triglyceride were analyzed. A significant reduction (p<0.05) in testicular weight in the control group was observed compared with the hyperlipidic diet group, triglyceride levels showed a consistent change over the weeks of the study, HDL levels showed a consistent change during the 5 weeks of the study, Photomicraphie of the testicles of Wistar rats in the hyperlipid diet group for the first week showed Sertoli cell hyper-plasia ,during the second week microscopic examination showed significant testicular hypertrophy the microscopic examination during the fifth week showed hyperplasia of the seminal vesicle characterized by an increase in the number of glandular epithelial cells. The proliferating epithelium may form papillary structures with supporting stroma and with extension into the glandular lumen and total absence of sperm cells. Obesity is associated with many metabolic abnormalities. It has been found that these metabolic ab-normalities induce disorders of spermatogenesis. Our results show that the hyperlipidic diet affects the gonads significantly with hypertrophic testes, the presence of hyperplastic seminiferous tubes, as well as a fine basement membrane.

Aerobic exercise regulating expression of ERá and ERâ in prostate to prevent benign prostatic hyperplasia of obesity mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyun Liu ◽  
Jiulin Xiang ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Ru Wang ◽  
Qin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Prostate Weight ◽  
Diet And Exercise

High-fat-diet (HFD) induced BPH mice model used to examine how aerobics exercise prevents the development of BPH and try to find the mechanism. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6J mice were randomized into three groups for a 6-week intervention: Control group (Co, n = 8) and Diet group (Di, n = 8) fed standard diet, and Exercise and diet group fed standard diet meanwhile run on a treadmill at 12m/min, 30 min/day, 6 days/week (Ex+Di, n = 8). Body weight (BW), fat, prostate weight (PW), prostate index (PI), Estradio(E2), Testosterona (T) and estrogen receptor(ER) were detected. Results: The Di had a higher BW, fat, PW and PI, compared to Co and Ex+Di. BW and PI in Ex+Di significantly lower compared to Di, thus running prevented increase in BW and PI. Although, E2 and T in Di and Ex+Di haven’t seen anything statistically significant, compared with Co. However, ERá in Ex+Di (0.039±0.012 ng/ml) was significant reduced (P less than 0.05) compared with Di (0.046±0.011 ng/ml); Compared with Di (0.032±0.009 ng/ml), ERâ in Ex+Di (0.039±0.011 ng/ml) was significant reduced (P less than 0.05). Conclusion: Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of BPH. It may also provide scientific evidence to promote weight loss and aerobic exercise beneficial adjuvant therapies for BPH.

scholarly journals High-Fat Diet Increases HMGB1 Expression and Promotes Lung Inflammation in Mice Subjected to Mechanical Ventilation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Farias de Souza ◽  
Máira Tereza Talma Chírico ◽  
Christiane Teixeira Cartelle ◽  
Guilherme de Paula Costa ◽  
André Talvani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hmgb1 Expression ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation Group

This study aims to evaluate the effects of a high-fat diet and mechanical ventilation on the pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response in C57BL/6 mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: one received a standard diet, and the other received a high-fat diet. After 10 weeks, the groups were further divided into two groups each: control group (CG), mechanical ventilation group (MVG), diet group (DG), and diet mechanical ventilation group (DMVG). MVG and DMVG underwent mechanical ventilation for 60 minutes. All animals were euthanized for subsequent analysis. Animals receiving a high-fat diet presented higher body mass, adipose index, and greater adipocyte area. In the lung, the expression of HMGB1 was greater in DG and DMVG than in CG and MVG. CCL2 and IL-22 levels in MVG and DMVG were increased compared to those in CG and DG, whereas IL-10 and IL-17 were decreased. Superoxide dismutase activity was higher in MVG and DMVG than in CG. Catalase activity was lower in DG than in CG, and in MV groups, it was lower than that in CG and DG. MV and obesity promote inflammation and pulmonary oxidative stress in adult C57BL/6 mice.

scholarly journals The Three-Month Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Blood Parameters, and Performance Metrics in CrossFit Trainees: A Pilot Study

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Kephart ◽  
Coree Pledge ◽  
Paul Roberson ◽  
Petey Mumford ◽  
Matthew Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
And Performance

Adopting low carbohydrate, ketogenic diets remains a controversial issue for individuals who resistance train given that this form of dieting has been speculated to reduce skeletal muscle glycogen levels and stifle muscle anabolism. We sought to characterize the effects of a 12-week ketogenic diet (KD) on body composition, metabolic, and performance parameters in participants who trained recreationally at a local CrossFit facility. Twelve participants (nine males and three females, 31 ± 2 years of age, 80.3 ± 5.1 kg body mass, 22.9 ± 2.3% body fat, 1.37 back squat: body mass ratio) were divided into a control group (CTL; n = 5) and a KD group (n = 7). KD participants were given dietary guidelines to follow over 12 weeks while CTL participants were instructed to continue their normal diet throughout the study, and all participants continued their CrossFit training routine for 12 weeks. Pre, 2.5-week, and 12-week anaerobic performance tests were conducted, and pre- and 12-week tests were performed for body composition using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and ultrasound, resting energy expenditure (REE), blood-serum health markers, and aerobic capacity. Additionally, blood beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels were measured weekly. Blood BHB levels were 2.8- to 9.5-fold higher in KD versus CTL throughout confirming a state of nutritional ketosis. DXA fat mass decreased by 12.4% in KD (p = 0.053). DXA total lean body mass changes were not different between groups, although DXA dual-leg lean mass decreased in the KD group by 1.4% (p = 0.068), and vastus lateralis thickness values decreased in the KD group by ~8% (p = 0.065). Changes in fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were similar between groups, although LDL cholesterol increased ~35% in KD (p = 0.048). Between-group changes in REE, one-repetition maximum (1-RM) back squat, 400 m run times, and VO2peak were similar between groups. While our n-sizes were limited, these preliminary data suggest that adopting a ketogenic diet causes marked reductions in whole-body adiposity while not impacting performance measures in recreationally-trained CrossFit trainees. Whether decrements in dual-leg muscle mass and vastus lateralis thickness in KD participants were due to fluid shifts remain unresolved, and increased LDL-C in these individuals warrants further investigation.

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