scholarly journals Neonatal Vitamin D Status and Risk of Asthma in Childhood: Results from the D-Tect Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanney Thorsteinsdottir ◽  
Isabel Cardoso ◽  
Amélie Keller ◽  
Maria Stougaard ◽  
Peder Frederiksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
National Patient ◽  
L 14 ◽  
Sample Method ◽  
Danish National Patient Register

Background: low vitamin D status in pregnancy can influence the offspring’s lung function and contribute to childhood asthma development. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of neonatal vitamin D status on the development of asthma among children age 3–9 years in a large population sample. Method: in a case-cohort study utilizing a Danish biobank and register data we examined the association between neonatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentrations and incidence of asthma among children aged 3–9 years. Cases of asthma (n = 911) were randomly selected among all cases of asthma in the Danish National Patient Register from children born between 1992 and 2002. The sub-cohort (n = 1423) was randomly selected among all children born in the same period. We used a weighted Cox proportional hazard model assessing the hazard of first asthma diagnoses by quintiles of 25(OH)D3. Results: the median 25(OH)D3 (interquartile range) for asthma cases was 23 nmol/L (14–35) and the sub-cohort 25 nmol/L (14–40). The hazard ratio for developing asthma between ages 3 and 9 years was lower for children in the fifth quintile of neonatal 25(OH)D3 compared to children in the first quintile, both in the unadjusted (0.61 95% CI: 0.46–0.80) and adjusted (0.55 95% CI: 0.39–0.77) analyses. Conclusion: the results from our study suggest that higher neonatal vitamin D concentration may reduce the risk of developing childhood asthma at ages 3–9 years, indicating that neonatal vitamin D status as a proxy of vitamin D status during the prenatal period is important for normal immune- and lung development.

Dietary patterns generated by the Treelet Transform and risk of stroke: a Danish cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Signe B Frederiksen ◽  
Heidi H Themsen ◽  
Kim Overvad ◽  
Christina C Dahm
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
National Patient ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Danish National Patient Register

AbstractObjective:To relate empirically derived dietary patterns identified using the Treelet Transform (TT) to risk of stroke.Design:A prospective cohort study using the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Dietary information was obtained in 1993–1997 using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ. Incident stroke diagnoses, obtained from the Danish National Patient Register, were verified by record review. Dietary patterns were generated using TT, and participants were categorised into quintiles based on their adherence to each pattern. Sex-specific Cox proportional hazard models estimated associations between dietary patterns and stroke.Setting:Denmark.Participants:55 061 men and women aged 50–64 years at the time of enrolment.Results:Three dietary patterns explaining 15·4 % of the total variance were identified: a Prudent pattern, a Western pattern and a Wine & Snacks pattern. During a follow-up time of 10 years, 1513 cases occurred. Comparing the highest to lowest quintiles of intake, adherence to a Prudent pattern was inversely associated with stroke (HRmen 0·74, 95 % CI 0·60, 0·91; HRwomen 0·82, 95 % CI 0·62, 1·08), while adherence to a Western pattern was associated with greater risk (HRmen 1·61, 95 % CI 1·23, 2·10; HRwomen 2·01, 95 % CI 1·48, 2·72). No association was found for a Wine & Snacks pattern for women, but a weak inverse association was found for men (HR 0·81, 95 % CI 0·67, 0·99).Conclusions:The results of this study are broadly in line with current recommendations for a healthy diet to prevent stroke.

Clinical, Research, and Public Health Implications of Poor Measurement of Vitamin D Status

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1225-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn M Lucas ◽  
Shelley Gorman ◽  
Lucinda Black ◽  
Rachel E Neale
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract There is widespread concern about the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency amid evidence to support that such a state may increase the risk of a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Estimating the prevalence of deficiency, as well as establishing linksto health outcomes, requires the accurate and precise measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in serum or plasma. Accurate measurement of 25(OH)D underlies the definitions of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency and, thus, prevalence estimates. Imprecise measurement of 25(OH)D in epidemiological research can result in incorrect null findingsof associations with disease. When associations withdisease are found, the inaccuracy of measurement forestalls defining the absolute level of 25(OH)D thatis associated with increased risk. For the clinician,both inaccuracy and imprecision are problematic, because clinical care is most often based on a single measurement to define vitamin D status. New initiatives to develop a standard reference method and the assignment of “true” values to samples provide a solution to these problems. The use of standardized assays in large population studies will allow comparisons to be made between populations and over time that have not previously been possible and will improve our understanding of the role of vitaminD in health and disease.

scholarly journals The incidence of acute respiratory infection in Indonesian infants and association with vitamin D deficiency

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248722
Author(s):  
Vicka Oktaria ◽  
Margaret Danchin ◽  
Rina Triasih ◽  
Yati Soenarto ◽  
Julie E. Bines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Background Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in early life, but this has not been evaluated in Indonesia. We aimed to determine the incidence of ARI in Indonesian infants, and to evaluate the association with vitamin D deficiency. Methods From 23 December 2015 to 31 December 2017, we conducted a community-based prospective cohort study in Yogyakarta province. We enrolled 422 pregnant women and followed their infants from birth until 12 months of age for ARI episodes. Vitamin D status was measured at birth and at age six months. We performed Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and pneumonia incidence. Results At study completion, 95% (400/422) of infants retained with a total of 412 child years of observation (CYO). The incidence of all ARI and of WHO-defined pneumonia was 3.89 (95% CI 3.70–4.08) and 0.25 (95% CI 0.21–0.30) episodes per CYO respectively. Vitamin D deficiency at birth was common (90%, 308/344) and associated with more frequent episodes of ARI non-pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio 4.48, 95% CI:1.04–19.34). Vitamin D status at birth or six months was not associated with subsequent pneumonia incidence, but greater maternal sun exposure during pregnancy was associated with a trend to less frequent ARI and pneumonia in infants. Conclusion ARI, pneumonia, and vitamin D deficiency at birth were common in Indonesian infants. Minimising vitamin D deficiency at birth such as by supplementation of mothers or safe sun exposure during pregnancy has the potential to reduce ARI incidence in infants in this setting.

scholarly journals Substitution of Fish for Red Meat or Poultry and Risk of Ischemic Stroke

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine Venø ◽  
Christian Bork ◽  
Marianne Jakobsen ◽  
Søren Lundbye-Christensen ◽  
Flemming Bach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
National Patient ◽  
Total Fish ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Danish National Patient Register

We investigated the risk of ischemic stroke and its subtypes when red meat or poultry was substituted with fish. A total of 57,053 participants aged 50–65 years at baseline were included in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study. All participants filled in a food-frequency questionnaire at recruitment. Potential ischemic stroke cases were identified by linkage to the Danish National Patient Register, and all cases were validated and subclassified. Substitutions were investigated as 150 g/week of fish for 150 g/week of red meat or of poultry using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models. During 13.5 years of follow-up, 1879 participants developed an ischemic stroke. Replacing red meat or poultry with fish was not associated with the rate of total ischemic stroke, but there was a statistically significant lower rate of large artery atherosclerosis when fish replaced processed (hazard ratio (HR): 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67; 0.90) and unprocessed (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.75; 0.99) red meat. A statistically significant higher rate of cardioembolism was found when poultry was replaced by total fish (HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.04; 1.93). When fatty fish replaced unprocessed red meat, a statistically significant lower rate of small-vessel occlusion was found (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.77; 0.99). In conclusion, replacing red meat with fish was not associated with risk of total ischemic stroke but was associated with a lower risk of subtypes of ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vitamin D status and its association with overweight or obesity in a population of Colombian children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyda Z. Rojas ◽  
Doris C. Quintero-Lesmes ◽  
Edna M. Gamboa-Delgado ◽  
Elizabeth Guio ◽  
Norma C. Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of 25-OH-D status (insufficiency and deficiency) in children and adolescents residing in Bucaramanga, Colombia and to determine its association with excess weight. A case–control study was nested in the SIMBA II cohort in children and adolescents between the ages of 11 and 20 years old. Cases were defined as those children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. The control group was composed of children and adolescents from the same population sample with similar sociodemographic and economic characteristics but without overweight or obesity diagnosis. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) was quantified in serum using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between vitamin D status and overweight or obesity adjusted for the main confounding variables. A total of 494 children and adolescents cases were 138 (52⋅17% boys and 47⋅83% girls; median age 16⋅0 [Q1 15; Q3 18]). The median BMI S-Score minors age in the cases was 1⋅36 [Q1 1⋅06; Q3 2⋅00] and BMI (kg/m2) 28⋅0 [Q1 26⋅2; Q3 30⋅8]. The prevalence of vitamin D in the cases was deficiency 16⋅67%, insufficiency 57⋅25%, sufficiency 26⋅09. 25-OH-D insufficiency was associated with overweight or obesity after adjusting for the main confounding variables (OR 1⋅73; 95% CI 1⋅05–2⋅84). Our study concludes that the 25-OH-D insufficiency is common in children and adolescents in Bucaramanga, Colombia, and it was associated with overweight or obesity.

scholarly journals Association of Serum Vitamin D Levels with Depression in Adults: A Nationwide Population-based Study in Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Eun Jung ◽  
Ashley K. Dores ◽  
Scott B. Patten ◽  
Lakshmi N. Yatham ◽  
Raymond W. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D status may be associated with depression, but there have been inconsistencies in the reported estimates. This study aimed to examine the association of vitamin D status with depression in a large general population sample.MethodsCross-sectional data for a representative Korean sample of 1,825 people aged 19 years or older were obtained from the nationally representative Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014). Depression was defined by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores ≥10 (moderate/severe). Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between depression and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. Continuous serum 25(OH)D level was categorized into quartiles. Continuous PHQ-9 scores were assessed using quantile regression. Adjustments for age, sex, marital status, level of education, lowest income quartile, body mass index, level of physical activity, chronic conditions, serum creatinine level, glomerular filtration rate, and history of depression were used in the statistical analyses. Estimates of prevalence and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were made. Sampling weights were utilized to account for survey design effects.ResultsIndividuals in the lowest serum 25(OH)D quartile level had significantly higher prevalence of depression than in the upper three quartiles (8.3% vs. 5.1%; p=0.024). No association was observed between serum 25(OH)D level and depression after adjusting for potential covariates (OR 1.48, 95%CI 0.93, 2.35; p=0.097]. However, a stronger association was observed among male respondents, with an estimated OR of 2.54 (95% CI 1.17, 5.50; p=0.018). Additionally, in the quantile regression analysis, estimates from adjusted models remained significant (β = −0.056, p=0.002).ConclusionWhile our findings support the association between lower vitamin D status and depression in Korean adults, additional studies are needed to clarify this relationship.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status of Arab Gulf residents screened for SARS-CoV-2 and its association with COVID-19 infection: a multi-centre case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser M. Al-Daghri ◽  
Osama E. Amer ◽  
Naif H. Alotaibi ◽  
Dara A. Aldisi ◽  
Mushira A. Enani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Arab Gulf ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objectives Vitamin D status in patients with COVID-19 is an on-going controversial issue. This study aims to determine differences in the serum 25(OH)D concentrations of Arab Gulf adult residents screened for SARS-CoV-2 and its association with risk of COVID-19 infection together with other comorbidities. Methods In this multi-center, case–control study, a total of 220 male and female adults presenting with none to mild symptoms were screened for COVID-19 (n = 138 RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive and 82 negative controls). Medical history was noted. Anthropometrics were measured and non-fasting blood samples were collected for the assessment of glucose, lipids, inflammatory markers and serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Results Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in the SARS-CoV-2 positive group compared to the negative group after adjustment for age and BMI (52.8 nmol/l ± 11.0 versus 64.5 nmol/l ± 11.1; p = 0.009). Being elderly (> 60 years) [Odds ratio 6 (95% Confidence Interval, CI 2–18; p = 0.001) as well as having type 2 diabetes (T2D) [OR 6 (95% CI 3–14); p < 0.001)] and low HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) [OR 6 (95% CI 3–14); p < 0.001)] were significant risk factors for COVID-19 infection independent of age, sex and obesity. Conclusions Among Arab Gulf residents screened for SARS-CoV-2, serum 25(OH) D levels were observed to be lower in those who tested positive than negative individuals, but it was the presence of old age, diabetes mellitus and low-HDL-c that were significantly associated with risk of COVID-19 infection. Large population-based randomized controlled trials should be conducted to assess the protective effects of vitamin D supplementation against COVID-19.

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