scholarly journals Vitamin D: Mechanism of Action and Biological Effects in Uterine Fibroids

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Vergara ◽  
William H. Catherino ◽  
Giuseppe Trojano ◽  
Andrea Tinelli
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Ecm Remodeling ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign gynecological tumors. It was estimated that fifty percent of women presenting with UFs has symptomatology that negatively influences their quality of life. Pharmacological and/or surgical treatments are frequently required, depending on the woman’s desire to preserve fertility, with a high impact on healthcare costs. Generally, the use of currently available pharmacological treatments may lead to side effects. Therefore, there is a growing interest in a natural and safe approach for UFs. In recent years, epidemiological studies reported a vitamin D deficiency in patients with UFs raised interest in the potential biological effects of vitamin D supplementation. In vitro studies proved vitamin D efficacy in inhibiting UFs growth by targeting pathways involved in the regulation of various biological processes, including proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, DNA repair, signaling and apoptosis. However, clinical studies supported only in part the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation in reducing UFs growth and tumor volume. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies are mandatory as the potential clinical benefits are likely to be substantial.

Vitamin D in older people

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles D Witham ◽  
Gavin Francis
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Older People ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range

SummaryVitamin D has a wide range of biological effects beyond calcium and bone metabolism, and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels have been associated with many disease states in recent years, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, infections and cancer. Association studies of vitamin D are notoriously prone to confounding and to reverse causality, however, and current intervention trial data for non-skeletal indications have been disappointing. Vitamin D is indicated for treatment of osteomalacia in older people, falls prevention in institutionalized older people, and as adjunctive therapy for osteoporosis. Large trials currently underway will ascertain whether potentially beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on all-cause mortality in older people are borne out.

scholarly journals Suplementación de vitamina D en embarazadas y en mujeres con patologías ginecológicas

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (04) ◽  
pp. 377-389
Author(s):  
Jorly Mejía-Montilla ◽  
◽  
Eduardo Reyna-Villasmil ◽  
María Albán-Andrade ◽  
Mariela Meza-Lozada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Processes

Apart from the well-known effects of vitamin D in maintaining calcium homeostasis and promoting bone mineralization, there is evidence to suggest that it modulates reproductive processes. About 70% adults have vitamin D deficiencies and there is a gap between recommended dietary intakes and deficient supply in general population. Observational studies show that vitamin D deficiency is a risk marker for reducing fertility and resulting adverse pregnancy. Evidence suggests that it could have beneficial effects on metabolic, hormonal and cellular parameters of polycystic ovarian syndrome, uterine myomatosis and endometriosis, while it seems to be associated with improvements in outcome of in vitro fertilization. The objective of this review was to evaluate the data of current literature on the role of vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women and in women with gynecological pathologies. Keywords: Vitamin D, Supplementation, Pregnancy, Endometriosis, Uterine myomatosis, Infertility.

scholarly journals The Metabolic Bone Disease X-linked Hypophosphatemia: Case Presentation, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Jon Vincze ◽  
Brian W. Skinner ◽  
Katherine A. Tucker ◽  
Kory A. Conaway ◽  
Jonathan W. Lowery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Serum Inorganic Phosphate

The authors present a stereotypical case presentation of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and provide a review of the pathophysiology and related pharmacology of this condition, primarily focusing on the FDA-approved medication burosumab. XLH is a renal phosphate wasting disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the PHEX gene (phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome). Typical biochemical findings include elevated serum levels of bioactive/intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) which lead to (i) low serum phosphate levels, (ii) increased fractional excretion of phosphate, and (iii) inappropriately low or normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-vitD). XLH is the most common form of heritable rickets and short stature in patients with XLH is due to chronic hypophosphatemia. Additionally, patients with XLH experience joint pain and osteoarthritis from skeletal deformities, fractures, enthesopathy, spinal stenosis, and hearing loss. Historically, treatment for XLH was limited to oral phosphate supplementation, active vitamin D supplementation, and surgical intervention for cases of severe bowed legs. In 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved burosumab for the treatment of XLH and this medication has demonstrated substantial benefit compared with conventional therapy. Burosumab binds circulating intact FGF23 and blocks its biological effects in target tissues, resulting in increased serum inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations and increased conversion of inactive vitamin D to active 1,25-vitD.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in age-related neurodegenerative diseases: is there a role for vitamin D3 as a possible therapeutic strategy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena de Barros Viana ◽  
Bárbara dos Anjos Rosário ◽  
Maria de Fátima Santana de Nazaré ◽  
Débora Estadella ◽  
Daniel Araki Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Alzheimer’S Diseases ◽  
Alzheimer's Diseases

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19), identified in Wuhan, China, on December 2019, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, on March, 2020. Since then, efforts have been gathered to describe its clinical course and to determine preventive measures and treatment strategies. Adults older than 65 years of age are more susceptible to serious clinical symptoms and present higher mortality rates. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a major receptor for some coronavirus infection, including SARS-COV-2, but is also a crucial determinant in anti-inflammation processes during the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) functioning – converting angiotensin II to angiotensin 1–7. The decline in ACE2 expression that occurs with aging has been associated to the higher morbidity and mortality rates in older adults. These observations highlight the importance of investigating the association between COVID-19 and age-related neurodegenerative disorders, i.e., Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. A possible option to reduce the risk of COVID-19 is vitamin D supplementation, due to its anti-inflammatory and immune-system-modulating effects. It has also been suggested that vitamin D supplementation plays a role in slowing progression of Parkinson and Alzheimer. The present study is a literature review of articles published on the theme COVID-19, Parkinson and Alzheimer’s diseases, and the role played by vitamin D. PUBMED, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were consulted. Results confirm neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory effects of COVID-19, aggravated in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s patients, and the important role of vitamin D as a possible therapeutic strategy. Nevertheless, randomized controlled trials and large population studies are still warranted.

Potential Risks and Benefits of Phytoestrogen-Rich Diets

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassidy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related

Interest in the physiological role of bioactive compounds present in plants has increased dramatically over the last decade. Of particular interest in relation to human health are the class of compounds known as the phytoestrogens, which embody several groups of non-steroidal oestrogens including isoflavones & lignans that are widely distributed within the plant kingdom. Data from animal and in vitro studies provide plausible mechanisms to explain how phytoestrogens may influence hormone dependent states, but although the clinical application of diets rich in these oestrogen mimics is in its infancy, data from preliminary studies suggest potential beneficial effects of importance to health. Phytoestrogens are strikingly similar in chemical structure to the mammalian oestrogen, oestradiol, and bind to oestrogen receptors (ER) with a preference for the more recently described ERb. This suggests that these compounds may exert tissue specific effects. Numerous other biological effects independent of the ER (e.g. antioxidant capacity, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects) have been ascribed to these compounds. Whether phytoestrogens have any biological activity in humans, either hormonal or non hormonal is a contentious issue and there is currently a paucity of data on human exposure. Much of the available data on the absorption and metabolism of dietary phytoestrogens is of a qualitative nature; it is known that dietary phytoestrogens are metabolised by intestinal bacteria, absorbed, conjugated in the liver, circulated in plasma and excreted in urine. Recent studies have addressed quantitatively what happens to isoflavones following ingestion – with pure compound and stable isotope data to compliment recent pharmacokinetic data for soy foods. The limited studies conducted so far in humans clearly confirm that soya isoflavones can exert hormonal effects. These effects may be of benefit in the prevention of many of the common diseases observed in Western populations (such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis) where the diet is typically devoid of these biologically active naturally occurring compounds. However since biological effects are dependent on many factors including dose, duration of use, protein binding affinity, individual metabolism and intrinsic oestrogenic state, further clinical studies are necessary to determine the potential health effects of these compounds in specific population groups. However we currently know little about age related differences in exposure to these compounds and there are few guidelines on optimal dose for specific health outcomes.

scholarly journals Vitamin D/CD46 Crosstalk in Human T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Killick ◽  
Joanne Hay ◽  
Elena Morandi ◽  
Sonja Vermeren ◽  
Saniya Kari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Type I ◽  
T Cell Migration ◽  
The Impact

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which T-cell migration into the CNS is key for pathogenesis. Patients with MS exhibit impaired regulatory T cell populations, and both Foxp3+ Tregs and type I regulatory T cells (Tr1) are dysfunctional. MS is a multifactorial disease and vitamin D deficiency is associated with disease. Herein, we examined the impact of 1,25(OH)2D3 on CD4+ T cells coactivated by either CD28 to induce polyclonal activation or by the complement regulator CD46 to promote Tr1 differentiation. Addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 led to a differential expression of adhesion molecules on CD28- and CD46-costimulated T cells isolated from both healthy donors or from patients with MS. 1,25(OH)2D3 favored Tr1 motility though a Vitamin D-CD46 crosstalk highlighted by increased VDR expression as well as increased CYP24A1 and miR-9 in CD46-costimulated T cells. Furthermore, analysis of CD46 expression on T cells from a cohort of patients with MS supplemented by vitamin D showed a negative correlation with the levels of circulating vitamin D. Moreover, t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) analysis allowed the visualization and identification of clusters increased by vitamin D supplementation, but not by placebo, that exhibited similar adhesion phenotype to what was observed in vitro. Overall, our data show a crosstalk between vitamin D and CD46 that allows a preferential effect of Vitamin D on Tr1 cells, providing novel key insights into the role of an important modifiable environmental factor in MS.

scholarly journals Potential Beneficial Effects of Vitamin D in Coronary Artery Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Legarth ◽  
Daniela Grimm ◽  
Marcus Krüger ◽  
Manfred Infanger ◽  
Markus Wehland
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Artery Disease

Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in bone homeostasis and calcium metabolism. However, recent research has indicated additional beneficial effects of vitamin D on the cardiovascular system. This review aims to elucidate if vitamin D can be used as an add-on treatment in coronary artery disease (CAD). Large-scale epidemiological studies have found a significant inverse association between serum 25(OH)-vitamin D levels and the prevalence of essential hypertension. Likewise, epidemiological data have suggested plasma levels of vitamin D to be inversely correlated to cardiac injury after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Remarkably, in vitro trials have showed that vitamin D can actively suppress the intracellular NF-κB pathway to decrease CAD progression. This is suggested as a mechanistic link to explain how vitamin D may decrease vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. A review of randomized controlled trials with vitamin D supplementation showed ambiguous results. This may partly be explained by heterogeneous study groups. It is suggested that subgroups of diabetic patients may benefit more from vitamin D supplementation. Moreover, some studies have indicated that calcitriol rather than cholecalciferol exerts more potent beneficial effects on atherosclerosis and CAD. Therefore, further studies are required to clarify these assumptions.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F M A Diab ◽  
N A Nassef ◽  
M S Abdelhamid ◽  
Y M K Amin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Significant Prolongation

Abstract Background Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is a worldwide problem. Vitamin D is a well-known beneficial vitamin for bone growth and calcium homeostasis but recently it is also known for its cardioprotective effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential protective role of vitamin D on the cardiac dysfunction induced by chronic doxorubicin exposure, and to throw more light on the possible underlying mechanism (s) for such effect. Materials and Methods: 70 female Albino-rats were divided into 4 groups; control group (C), Doxorubicin-treated group (Dox): given i.p. injection of Dox in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight (cumulative dose: 15 mg/kg) over 3 weeks, vitamin Dsupplemented group (Vit D): given vitamin D by oral gavage in a dose of 500 IU/kg daily, 5 days a week, also for 3 weeks and the combined Doxorubicintreated+vitamin D-supplemented group (Dox+Vit D). At the end of the experiment, ECG was recorded and in vitro isolated heart study was performed on Langendoroff preparation to measure peak tension (PT), time to peak tension (TPT), half relaxation time (HRT) and myocardial flow rate (MFR). Body and cardiac weights, plasma levels of brain naturetic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), vitamin D and total calcium and cardiac tissue heat shock protein 20, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Also, cardiac tissues were histopathologically assessed. Results: Dox-treated rats showed significant decrease in the final body weight (fBW), significant prolongation of the P-R interval, QRS duration, observed Q-T (Q-TO) and corrected Q-T (Q-Tc) with significant depression of the R voltage. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the in vitro heart rate, significant depression in PT, PT/LV and MFR together with significant prolongation in TPT& 3 HRT. These changes were accompanied by significant elevation of plasma BNP, cTnI and in cardiac tissue MDA and a significant decrease in plasma vit D, total calcium and cardiac tissue TAC and HSP20. Histopathological examination revealed markedly distorted muscle fibers with indistinct cell borders, bright eosinophilic cytoplasm, intra-cytoplasmic vacuoles and small pyknotic nuclei or absent nuclei, together with interstitial edema & aggregates of inflammatory cells and thick irregular collagen fibers in between the muscle fibers. Concomitant supplementation of vitamin D to the doxorubicin treated rats resulted in significant decrease in PR interval, QRS duration, MDA and significant increase PT, PT/LV, MFR, MFR/LV, plasma vitamin D, total calcium and TAC compared to the Dox treated rats to be insignificantly different from the control group. Plasma BNP and cTnI were significantly decreased while cardiac HSP20 was significantly increased compared to the Dox-treated rats, yet these parameters were still significant from the control group. Meanwhile, fBW, Q-TO and Q-Tc intervals, and TPT remained insignificantly changed from the DOX group. These findings were associated by regaining the normal collagen fiber distribution between cardiac muscle fibers with resolution of interstitial edema. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation can partially mitigate cardiac dysfunction induced by chronic doxorubicin by improving the cardiac antioxidant state and heat shock protein 20 level. Key words: Doxorubicin, cardiac dysfunction, vitamin D, isolated heart studies, BNP, HSP20.

scholarly journals Vitamin D in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoarthritis: From Clinical Interventions to Cellular Evidence

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Yongjoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Relationship

Older adults are recommended vitamin D to prevent fractures. Though this population is also at risk of osteoarthritis (OA), the effect of vitamin D on OA is unclear and may differ by disease state. The relationship between vitamin D and OA during OA initiation and progression were considered in this narrative review of in vivo and in vitro studies. Regarding OA initiation in humans, the small number of published observational studies suggest a lack of association between induction of OA and vitamin D status. Most randomized controlled trials were performed in White OA patients with relatively high vitamin D status (>50 nmol/L). These studies found no benefit of vitamin D supplementation on OA progression. However, subset analyses and one randomized controlled pilot trial indicated that vitamin D supplementation may alleviate joint pain in OA patients with low vitamin D status (<50 nmol/L). As the etiology of OA is recently being more fully uncovered, better animal and cell models are needed. According to currently available clinical results, evidence is lacking to set a vitamin D level to prevent OA, and increasing vitamin D status above 50 nmol/L does not seem to benefit OA patients.

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