scholarly journals Brown Seaweed Sargassum siliquosum as an Intervention for Diet-Induced Obesity in Male Wistar Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1754
Author(s):  
Ryan du Preez ◽  
Marie Magnusson ◽  
Marwan E. Majzoub ◽  
Torsten Thomas ◽  
Christina Praeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Ventricular Fibrosis

The therapeutic potential of Sargassum siliquosum grown in Australian tropical waters was tested in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 12 rats and each group was fed a different diet for 16 weeks: corn starch diet (C); high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (H) containing fructose, sucrose, saturated and trans fats; and C or H diets with 5% S. siliquosum mixed into the food from weeks 9 to 16 (CS and HS). Obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, impaired glucose tolerance, fatty liver and left ventricular fibrosis developed in H rats. In HS rats, S. siliquosum decreased body weight (H, 547 ± 14; HS, 490 ± 16 g), fat mass (H, 248 ± 27; HS, 193 ± 19 g), abdominal fat deposition and liver fat vacuole size but did not reverse cardiovascular and liver effects. H rats showed marked changes in gut microbiota compared to C rats, while S. siliquosum supplementation increased gut microbiota belonging to the family Muribaculaceae. This selective increase in gut microbiota likely complements the prebiotic actions of the alginates. Thus, S. siliquosum may be a useful dietary additive to decrease abdominal and liver fat deposition.

scholarly journals Tropical Seaweeds Improve Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health of Diet-Induced Obese and Hypertensive Rats

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ryan du Preez ◽  
Sunil K. Panchal ◽  
Lindsay Brown
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Seaweeds have been an important part of the diet of coastal populations in Asia possibly for millennia but only a few scattered coastal communities in Europe and the Americas have maintained these traditions. Our studies have investigated the potential of two tropical seaweeds grown commercially in Asia, Sarconema and Caulerpa spp., as functional foods for the reversal of metabolic syndrome and possible mechanisms. Sarconema spp. are a source of carrageenans used as thickening and gelling agents in foods, while Caulerpa spp. are consumed in Southeast Asia as low-energy foods with high contents of vitamins and minerals. For our studies, male Wistar rats were divided into groups in a 16-week protocol: corn starch diet-fed rats (C); C rats supplemented with 5% dried seaweed for the last 8 weeks; high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats (H); and H rats supplemented with 5% dried seaweed for the last 8 weeks. H rats developed obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, glucose intolerance, fatty liver and increased left ventricular collagen deposition, infiltration of inflammatory cells and plasma liver enzyme activities. Seaweed supplementation decreased body weight, abdominal and liver fat, systolic blood pressure, plasma lipid concentrations, plasma activities of liver enzymes and collagen deposition. Furthermore, seaweed supplementation modulated gut microbiota. Possible mechanisms for improved cardiovascular and metabolic health include a reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells into organs as well as an increased intake of fibre modulating gut microbiota composition.

scholarly journals Nannochloropsis oceanica as a Microalgal Food Intervention in Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3991
Author(s):  
Ryan du Preez ◽  
Marwan E. Majzoub ◽  
Torsten Thomas ◽  
Sunil K. Panchal ◽  
Lindsay Brown
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Ventricular Fibrosis ◽  
Fat Diets

The microalgal genus Nannochloropsis has broad applicability to produce biofuels, animal feed supplements and other value-added products including proteins, carotenoids and lipids. This study investigated a potential role of N. oceanica in the reversal of metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats (n = 48) were divided into four groups in a 16-week protocol. Two groups were fed either corn starch or high-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (C and H, respectively) for the full 16 weeks. The other two groups received C and H diets for eight weeks and then received 5% freeze-dried N. oceanica in these diets for the final eight weeks (CN and HN, respectively) of the protocol. The H diet was high in fructose and sucrose, together with increased saturated and trans fats. H rats developed obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, fatty liver disease and left ventricular fibrosis. N. oceanica increased lean mass in CN and HN rats, possibly due to the increased protein intake, and decreased fat mass in HN rats. Intervention with N. oceanica did not change cardiovascular, liver and metabolic parameters or gut structure. The relative abundance of Oxyphotobacteria in the gut microbiota was increased. N. oceanica may be an effective functional food against metabolic syndrome as a sustainable protein source.

The Consumption of Galactomannan Effervescent Drinks made from Coconut Pulp Waste and Colonic Microbiota in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Sri Winarti ◽  
Agung Pasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colonic Microbiota ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The consumption of prebiotics is known to affect the balance of gut microbiota. The purpose of this study was to explore how a galactomannan-rich effervescent drink can affect the population of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, E. coli, and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum of rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats (aged 2 months) were divided equally into 7 groups and treated orally each day for 15 days with 2 mL effervescent drinks with increasing levels of prebiotic galactomannan. The dosage of 500 mg galactomannan increased the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. with inhibition of the growth of E.coli with increased formation of short-chain fatty acids such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the cecum of rats.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Anti-apoptotic Effects of Peganum harmala Leaf Extract on Type 2 Diabetes in the Kidney of Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Forough Kajbaf ◽  
Shahrbanoo Oryan ◽  
Ramesh Ahmadi ◽  
Akram Eidi
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Growing evidence has shown that the apoptosis of cells plays an important role in the advancement of the Diabetic nephropathy (DN). Objectives: This study attempted to discover the therapeutic potential of Peganum harmala leaf extract in the apoptosis of diabetic kidney disease. Methods: In the present experimental research, 32 male Wistar rats were studied, and diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg). The animals were randomly divided into four groups (n=8, in each group) as follows: control, diabetic, control+leaf extract, diabetic+leaf extract. For our purposes, the methanolic extract of P. harmala leaves (150 mg/kg) was given by gavage for 28 days. Flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were utilized to determine the percentages of apoptotic cells. Also, histological alterations and blood biochemical parameters were evaluated. Results: The P. harmala leaf extract has a high amount of flavonoids (25.84%), a lower percentage of alkaloids (0.14%), and some antioxidant properties. Serum urea (P<0.001) and apoptosis (P<0.05) significantly elevated in diabetic rats relative to the control ones. The mean of fasting blood creatinine, urea, and albumin level was not significantly changed in diabetic+leaf extract rats as compared to the diabetic ones. Histopathological results also displayed that diabetic complications in the kidney could not be improved following treatment by the leaf extract of P. harmala. In addition, the leaf extract could not significantly reduce the apoptosis and caspase-3 expression compared to diabetics in renal cells. Conclusion: Based on our findings, the leaf extract of P. harmala is unable to inhibit apoptosis in the diabetic kidney model.

scholarly journals Methanolic Extracts of Cochorous olitorous (L.) and Adansonia digitata (L.) Leaves Against Irradiation-Induced Atherosclerosis in Male Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-187
Author(s):  
Kabir O. BELLO ◽  
Sarah O. NWOZO ◽  
Johnson OLADELE ◽  
Kabir K. MUSTAPHA ◽  
Lukman A. QUADRI
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Lowering Drug ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

The present study investigated the anti-atherosclerotic and antioxidative effect of the methanolic extracts (MExt) of Cochorous olitorous (CO) and Adansonia digitata (AD) leaves on irradiation-induced atherosclerosis in male Wistar rats. Atherosclerosis was induced in male rats by a single dose of 6 gray whole body gamma radiation. MExt of C. olitorous and A. digitata leaves at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg bwt were administered as treatment for 7 days. Blood serum was analysed for lipid profile, MDA (malondialdehyde) and liver tissue for antioxidants enzymes, whereas the therapeutic potential was compared to the lipids-lowering drug lovastatin at 10 mg/kg/bwt. The phytochemical studies showed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Treatment with MExt of CO and AD normalized the elevated MDA level, whereas the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the treated rats increased. Pronounced changes were observed at 1,000 mg/kg bwt mixture of MExt of CO and AD for 1 weeks and it was more potent than the standard drug. The current study provided strong evidence that MExt of CO and AD might be important in the treatment of atherosclerosis and ROS without any side effects at the studied dosage and duration.

scholarly journals ROLE OF COMBINATION CASEIN AND LACTOFERRIN BOVINE’S COLLOSTRUM AS A PULP CAPPING ON MACROPHAGE EXPRESSION IN MALE WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Endah Ariyati Eko Ningtyas ◽  
Oedijani Santoso ◽  
Udadi Sadhana ◽  
Siti Sunarintyas
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Reparative Dentin ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

ABSTRACTBackground: Inflammatory and/or non-inflammatory processes play a role in stimulating pulp repair and the formation of hard tissue, namely reparative dentin. Macrophages play a role in the pathogenesis and chronic inflammatory disorders. The combination casein lactoferrin of bovine colostrum as an immunomodulator has therapeutic potential. This study aims to determine the therapeutic effect and duration of application of the combination of casein lactoferrin of bovine colostrum, on the expression of macrophages as pulp capping.Method: This study was a true experimental laboratories post test only control group design, consisting of three groups of 60 male wistar rats with 4 observation times, namely day to day 7, 14, 21 and 28 each of 5 mice. The maxillary 1st molars were prepared until the roof of the pulp was exposed. Three groups, namely the combination of casein and lactoferrin bovine colostrum (CKL) and calcium hydroxide (K1) and the untreated group (K0). Each group was filled with glassionomer as a permanent restoration. The tissue was made histological preparations with hematoxylin-eosin staining and the number of macrophages were counted, then analyzed by two way ANOVA and post hoc LSD tests.Result: The results showed that the therapeutic effect and duration of application of the combination of casein and lactoferrin bovine colostrum on the expression of macrophages as pulp cappingConclusion: The combination of casein and lactoferrin of bovine colostrum as capping material can increase the number of macrophages in the healing process of dental pulp.

scholarly journals Hepatotherapeutic Tendency of Citrullus lanatus Rind Methanolic Extract on Liver Markers in Male Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ilochi Ogadinma ◽  
Chuemere Arthur Nwafor ◽  
Bassy Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Total Bilirubin ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

It is a common practice to dispose the peel or rind of fruits. Interestingly, some parts of fruits humans find unacceptable to eat actually possess bioactive nutrients that can be used for medicinal purposes.  The effect of methanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus rind on liver function in normal male wistar rats was studied. 24 wistar rats with body weight between 150-250 g were used for this study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups, with 6 rats in each. Group 1 contained the control given normal saline and feed; group 2, low dose, 50mg/kg of methanolic extract of  Citrullus lanatus rind was administered, group 3 and 4 were administered medium and high dose of Citrullus lanatus rind extract 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg respectively. The Citrullus lanatus rind extract was administered via orogastric route and the experiment lasted for a period of 56 days. Blood samples were collected by left ventricular cardiac puncture for liver function test at the last day of the experiment.  The outcome of this research revealed that medium and high dose administration of citrullus lanatus rind significantly (p≤0.05) reduced the serum level of liver enzymes alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase and also total protein.There was a non-significant (P≤0.05) change in serum total bilirubin and albumin when all doses were compared to the control. Prolonged and moderate ingestion of Citrullus lanatus rind may be of benefit in regulating blood level of liver enzymes; hence, this part of the fruit has therapeutic value.

scholarly journals Caulerpa lentillifera (Sea Grapes) Improves Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health of Rats with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Ryan du Preez ◽  
Marwan E. Majzoub ◽  
Torsten Thomas ◽  
Sunil K. Panchal ◽  
Lindsay Brown
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Insoluble Fibre ◽  
Caulerpa Lentillifera

Caulerpa lentillifera (sea grapes) is widely consumed in South-East Asia as a low-energy food with high contents of vitamins and minerals. This study investigated dried sea grapes containing 16.6% insoluble fibre commercially produced in Vietnam as an intervention. We hypothesised that insoluble fibre is the primary metabolite that will reverse diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats (n = 48) were randomly allocated to four groups in a 16 week protocol. Two groups were fed either corn starch (C) or high-carbohydrate, high-fat (H) diets for the full 16 weeks. The other two groups received C and H diets for eight weeks and then received C. lentillifera added to these diets for the final eight weeks (CCL and HCL, respectively). High-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats developed obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, fatty liver disease and increased left ventricular collagen deposition. C. lentillifera supplementation in HCL rats decreased body weight, systolic blood pressure, plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids, inflammatory cells in heart and liver, and visceral adiposity. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio decreased in the gut microbiota of HCL rats. Therefore, C. lentillifera attenuated cardiovascular and metabolic symptoms of metabolic syndrome in rats, possibly by preventing infiltration of inflammatory cells together with modulating gut microbiota.

Inhibition of gasotransmitters production and calcium influx affect cardiodynamic variables and cardiac oxidative stress in propofol-anesthetized male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 850-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Djuric ◽  
T. Nikolic Turnic ◽  
S. Kostic ◽  
K. Radonjic ◽  
J. Jeremic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor

It has been assumed that the cardioprotective effects of propofol are due to its non-anesthetic pleiotropic cardiac and vasodilator effects, in which gasotransmitters (NO, H2S, and CO) as well as calcium influx could be involved. The study on isolated rat heart was performed using 4 experimental groups (n = 7 in each): (1) bolus injection of propofol (100 mg/kg body mass, i.p.); (2) L-NAME (NO synthase inhibitor, 60 mg/kg body mass, i.p.) + propofol; (3) DL-PAG (H2S synthase inhibitor, 50 mg/kg body mass, i.p.) + propofol; (4) ZnPPIX (CO synthase inhibitor, 50 μmol/kg body mass, i.p.) + propofol. Before and after the verapamil (3 μmol/L) administration, cardiodynamic parameters were recorded (dp/dtmax, dp/dtmin, systolic left ventricular pressure, diastolic left ventricular pressure, heart rate, coronary flow), as well as coronary and cardiac oxidative stress parameters. The results showed significant increases of diastolic left ventricular pressure following NO and CO inhibition, but also increases of coronary flow following H2S and CO inhibition. Following verapamil administration, significant decreases of dp/dtmax were noted after NO and CO inhibition, then increase of diastolic left ventricular pressure following CO inhibition, and increase of coronary flow following NO, H2S, or CO inhibition. Oxidative stress markers were increased but catalase activity was significantly decreased in cardiac tissue. Gasotransmitters and calcium influx are involved in pleiotropic cardiovascular effects of propofol in male Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Experimental induction of steatosis in different tissues after the ingestion of a carbohydrate-rich diet: effect on the liver, on the heart and on indicators of oxidation

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Juliana Beraldo Goulart Borges Haubert ◽  
Gilberto João Padovan ◽  
Sérgio Zucoloto ◽  
Hélio Vannucchi ◽  
Julio Sergio Marchini
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatic Fat ◽  
Lipid Vacuoles ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Experimental Group

CONTEXT: The western dietary pattern is characterized by a high calorie intake with a high proportion of simple sugars. This diet is associated with comorbidities such as hepatic fat deposition and is possibly related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the capacity of a hyperglucidic diet to induce steatosis in adult male Wistar rats. After the administration of a carbohydrate-rich diet, we also evaluated the presence of hepatic and cardiac steatosis and the levels of intrinsic antioxidants in the liver. METHODS: Forty-six eutrophic adult male Wistar rats were used and 10 of them were chosen, at random, to serve as controls, while the remaining ones formed the experimental group. Control animals received the standard ration offered by the animal house and the experimental group received the hyperglucidic diet. The diets were offered for 21 days and, at the end of this period, tissue samples were collected for analysis of indicators of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, and reduced glutathione) and of vitamin E. The animals were then sacrificed by decapitation and their viscera were removed for analysis of liver and heart fat. RESULTS: The hyperglucidic diet used induced hepatic fat deposition, with lipid vacuoles being detected in 83% of the livers analyzed by histology. No lipid vacuoles were observed in the heart. Malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels remained unchanged when the animals were submitted to the hyperglucidic diet, probably because there was no liver development of fibrosis or inflammation. In contrast, the levels of vitamin E (antioxidant) were reduced, as confirmed in the literature for steatotic animals. CONCLUSION: The hyperglucidic diet induced hepatic steatosis. In the heart there was an increase in fat content, although no histological changes were observed. These alterations cannot be explained by the presence of malondialdehyde or reduced glutathione (indicators of oxidation), since the values were similar in the groups studied. However, a significant reduction of vitamin E was observed in the experimental group.

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