scholarly journals Genetically Higher Level of Mannose Has No Impact on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Insight from Mendelian Randomization

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2563
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mazidi ◽  
Abbas Dehghan ◽  
Maciej Banach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Leave One Out

Background: There is a handful of controversial data from observational studies on the serum levels of mannose and risks of coronary artery disease (CAD) and other cardiometabolic risk factors. We applied Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to obtain estimates of the causal effect of serum mannose on the risk of CAD and on cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: Two-sample MR was implemented by using summary-level data from the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted on serum mannose and CAD and cardiometabolic risk factors. The inverse variance weighted method (IVW) was used to estimate the effects, and a sensitivity analysis including the weighted median (WM)-based method, MR-Egger, MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (PRESSO) were applied. Radial MR Methods was applied to remove outliers subject to pleiotropic bias. We further conducted a leave-one-out analysis. Results: Mannose had no significant effect on CAD (IVW: odds ratio: 0.96 (95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 0.71−1.30)), total cholesterol (TC) (IVW: 95%CI: 0.60−1.08), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.68−1.15), high density lipoprotein (HDL) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.85−1.20), triglycerides (TG) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.38−1.08), waist circumference (WC) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.94−1.37), body mass index (BMI) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.93−1.29) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.92−1.33), with no heterogeneity for CAD, HDL, WC and BMI (all p > 0.092), while a significant heterogeneity was observed for TC (IVW: Q = 44.503), LDL (IVW: Q = 33.450), TG (IVW: Q = 159.645) and FBG (IVW: Q = 0. 32.132). An analysis of MR-PRESSO and radial plots did not highlight any outliers. The results of the leave-one-out method demonstrated that the links were not driven by a single instrument. Conclusions: We did not find any effect of mannose on adiposity, glucose, TC, LDL, TG and CAD.

scholarly journals M88. EVIDENCE FOR INFLAMMATION AS A PUTATIVE SHARED MECHANISM FOR INSULIN RESISTANCE AND SCHIZOPHRENIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S168-S168
Author(s):  
Benjamin Perry ◽  
Stephen Burgess ◽  
Hannah Jones ◽  
Stanley Zammit ◽  
Rachel Upthegrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders

Abstract Background Insulin Resistance (IR) predisposes to cardiometabolic disorders, which are common in schizophrenia and are associated with excess morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms of association remain unknown. We aimed 1) To use genetic data to examine the direction of association between IR and related cardiometabolic risk factors, and schizophrenia; 2) To examine whether inflammation could be a shared mechanism for IR and schizophrenia. Methods We used two-sample uni-variable Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine whether genetically-predicted IR-related cardiometabolic risk factors (Fasting insulin (FI), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein, fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, leptin, body mass index, glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes) may be causally associated with schizophrenia. We used the most recent summary statistics for genetic variants associated with schizophrenia and IR-related cardiometabolic risk factors from publicly-available large genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We used bi-directional MR to examine direction of association. To examine whether inflammation could be a shared mechanism for IR and schizophrenia, we first conducted a sensitivity analysis by performing MR using only cardiometabolic genetic variants that were also associated with inflammation, at genome-wide significance. Second, we used multi-variable MR (MVMR) to examine associations between cardiometabolic risk factors and schizophrenia after adjusting for genetically-predicted levels of C-reactive protein. Results In analyses using all associated genetic variants, genetically predicted levels of leptin were associated with risk of schizophrenia (OR=2.54 per SD increase in leptin; 95% CI, 1.02–6.31). In analyses using inflammation-related variants, genetically predicted levels of FI (OR=2.76 per SD increase in FI; 95% C.I., 1.31–6.17), TG (OR=2.90 per SD increase in TG; 95% C.I., 1.36–6.17), and HDL (OR=0.56 per SD increase in HDL; 95% C.I., 0.37–0.83) were associated with schizophrenia. The associations completely attenuated in MVMR analyses controlling for CRP. There was no evidence of an association between genetically-predicted schizophrenia liability and cardiometabolic factors. Discussion The IR phenotype of FI, TG and HDL could be associated with schizophrenia over and above common sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. This association is likely explained by a common inflammatory mechanism. Interventional studies are required to test whether inflammation could represent a putative therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of cardiometabolic disorders in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of alcohol and tobacco use on cardiovascular disease using multivariable Mendelian randomization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Rosoff ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
Nehal Mehta ◽  
Toni-Kim Clarke ◽  
Falk W. Lohoff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACTAlcohol and tobacco use, two major modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), are often consumed together. Using large publicly available genome-wide association studies (results from > 940,000 participants), we conducted two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to simultaneously assess the independent effects of alcohol and tobacco use on CVD risk factors and events. We found genetic instruments associated with increased alcohol use, controlling for tobacco use, associated with increased high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), decreased triglycerides, but not with coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), nor stroke; and instruments for increased tobacco use, controlling for alcohol use, associated with decreased HDL-C, increased triglycerides, and increased risk of CHD and MI. Exploratory analysis found associations with HDL-C, LDL-C, and intermediate-density-lipoprotein metabolites. Consistency of results across complementary methods accommodating different MR assumptions strengthened causal inference, providing strong genetic evidence for the causal effects of modifiable lifestyle risk factors on CVD risk.

scholarly journals The association between depression and metabolic syndrome and its components: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Zhiqun Yin ◽  
Lanbing Wang ◽  
Lihua Peng
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Inverse Variance

AbstractObservational studies suggested a bidirectional correlation between depression and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. However, the causal associations between them remained unclear. We aimed to investigate whether genetically predicted depression is related to the risk of MetS and its components, and vice versa. We performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using summary-level data from the most comprehensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of depression (n = 2,113,907), MetS (n = 291,107), waist circumference (n = 462,166), hypertension (n = 463,010) fasting blood glucose (FBG, n = 281,416), triglycerides (n = 441,016), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, n = 403,943). The random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was applied as the primary method. The results identified that genetically predicted depression was significantly positive associated with risk of MetS (OR: 1.224, 95% CI: 1.091–1.374, p = 5.58 × 10−4), waist circumference (OR: 1.083, 95% CI: 1.027–1.143, p = 0.003), hypertension (OR: 1.028, 95% CI: 1.016–1.039, p = 1.34 × 10−6) and triglycerides (OR: 1.111, 95% CI: 1.060–1.163, p = 9.35 × 10−6) while negative associated with HDL-C (OR: 0.932, 95% CI: 0.885–0.981, p = 0.007) but not FBG (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 0.986–1.034, p = 1.34). No causal relationships were identified for MetS and its components on depression risk. The present MR analysis strength the evidence that depression is a risk factor for MetS and its components (waist circumference, hypertension, FBG, triglycerides, and HDL-C). Early diagnosis and prevention of depression are crucial in the management of MetS and its components.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk ◽  
Amanda E. Staiano
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adherence to pediatric 24-hour movement guidelines (moderate to vigorous physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) and cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods:The sample included 357 white and African American children aged 5–18 years. Physical activity, television viewing, and sleep duration were measured using questionnaires, and the 24-hour movement guidelines were defined as ≥60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity on ≥5 days per week, ≤ 2 hours per day of television, and sleeping 9–11 hours per night (ages 5–13 y) or 8–10 hours per night (ages 14–18 y). Waist circumference, body fat, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose were measured in a clinical setting.Results:A total of 26.9% of the sample met none of the guidelines, whereas 36.4%, 28.3%, and 8.4% of the sample met 1, 2, or all 3 guidelines, respectively. There were significant associations between the number of guidelines met and body mass index, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, triglycerides, and glucose. There were no associations with blood pressure or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Conclusions:Meeting more components of the 24-hour movement guidelines was associated with lower levels of obesity and several cardiometabolic risk factors. Future efforts should consider novel strategies to simultaneously improve physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep in children.

Assessment of the correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: might it be superior to the TG/HDL-C ratio?

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalan Hakime Nogay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackground:Most of the studies investigating the correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and cardiometabolic risk factors have been conducted with adults, while only a limited number of related studies that involved children and adolescents has been conducted. The purpose of this study is to assess the correlation between the AIP and other cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents.Methods:This study was conducted with 310 girls and 90 boys who were between the ages of 6 and 18 years. After a 10-h fasting period, the biochemical values of the participants were measured in the morning. The anthropometric measurements of the participants were also taken. The AIP was calculated as Log10 (triglycerides/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TG/HDL-C).Results:In adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18, the mean AIP of the group with TG ≥130 mg/dL was significantly higher than that of the groups with TG of 90–129 mg/dL and <90 mg/dL. There was a strong correlation between TG and AIP for both boys and girls among the children and adolescents, while there was a strong correlation between the TG/HDL-C ratio and TG only in the boys who were within the 6–11-year-old age group.Conclusions:An increase in AIP is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents other than those seen in adults. Based on the TG/HDL-C ratio, the AIP may be superior as a complementary index in the assessment of cardiometabolic risks in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Factorial Analysis of the Cardiometabolic Risk Influence on Redox Status Components in Adult Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Klisic ◽  
Nebojsa Kavaric ◽  
Sanja Vujcic ◽  
Vesna Spasojevic-Kalimanovska ◽  
Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Visceral Adiposity Index ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism

Different byproducts of oxidative stress do not always lead to the same conclusion regarding its relationship with cardiometabolic risk, since controversial results are reported so far. The aim of the current study was to examine prooxidant determinant ((prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB)) and the marker of antioxidant defence capacity (total sulphydryl groups (tSHG)), as well as their ratio (PAB/tSHG) in relation to different cardiometabolic risk factors in the cohort of adult population. Additionally, we aimed to examine the joint effect of various cardiometabolic parameters on these markers, since to our knowledge, there are no studies that investigated that issue. A total of 292 participants underwent anthropometric measurements and venipuncture procedure for cardiometabolic risk factors assessment. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body mass index, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product (LAP) were calculated. Principal component analysis (PCA) grouped various cardiometabolic risk parameters into different factors. This analysis was used in the subsequent binary logistic regression analysis to estimate the predictive potency of the factors towards the highest PAB and tSHG values. Our results show that triglycerides, VAI, and LAP were positively and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were negatively correlated with tSHG levels and vice versa with PAB/tSHG index, respectively. On the contrary, there were no independent correlations between each cardiometabolic risk factor and PAB. PCA revealed that obesity-renal function-related factor (i.e., higher WHtR, but lower urea and creatinine) predicts both high PAB ( OR = 1.617 , 95% CI (1.204-2.171), P < 0.01 ) and low tSHG values ( OR = 0.443 , 95% CI (0.317-0.618), P < 0.001 ), while obesity-dyslipidemia-related factor (i.e., lower HDL-c and higher triglycerides, VAI, and LAP) predicts high tSHG values ( OR = 2.433 , 95% CI (1.660-3.566), P < 0.001 ). In conclusion, unfavorable cardiometabolic profile was associated with higher tSHG values. Further studies are needed to examine whether increased antioxidative capacity might be regarded as a compensatory mechanism due to free radicals’ harmful effects.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Institutionalized Adults with Cerebral Palsy

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Norte ◽  
Coral Alonso ◽  
José Miguel Martínez-Sanz ◽  
Ana Gutierrez-Hervas ◽  
Isabel Sospedra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Background and Objectives: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a set of permanent disorders that limit physical activity and increase the risk of developing other diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MS). Adequate nutrition can contribute to the prevention of associated symptoms. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional status and the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with CP and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels between IV and V. Materials and Methods: A sample of 41 adults with CP and GMFCS levels from IV to V were studied. The variables used in the study were age, sex, weight, height, mean age, and GMFCS level range. To evaluate nutritional status, body mass index and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), a nutritional screening tool, were used. To assess cardiometabolic risk, data on obesity, central obesity, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were collected. Results: More than 80% of the population studied was malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, according to the MNA tool classification ranges, and around 35% of the studied population was within the underweight range. Regarding cardiometabolic risk factors, only one adult with CP was diagnosed with MS. Conclusions: The studied population of adults with CP and GMFCS levels between IV and V is not a population at risk of MS; however, the high prevalence of malnutrition, as well as some of the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors, should be taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factor levels between individuals with pre-diabetes and normal glucose metabolism are more pronounced in women than in men: the Maastricht Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rianneke de Ritter ◽  
Simone J S Sep ◽  
Carla J H van der Kallen ◽  
Miranda T Schram ◽  
Annemarie Koster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure Difference

ObjectiveTo investigate whether adverse differences in levels of cardiovascular risk factors in women than men, already established when comparing individuals with and without diabetes, are also present before type 2 diabetes onset.Research design and methodsIn a population-based cohort study of individuals aged 40-75 years (n=3410; 49% women, 29% type 2 diabetes (oversampled by design)), we estimated associations with cardiometabolic and lifestyle risk factors of (1) pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes (reference category: normal glucose metabolism) and (2) among non-diabetic individuals, of continuous levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Age-adjusted sex differences were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models with sex interaction terms.ResultsIn pre-diabetes, adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factors were greater in women than men for systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.02 mm Hg; 95% CI:−0.26 to 6.30), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (difference, −0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.18 to −0.02), total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (difference, 0.22; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.44), triglycerides (ratio: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.22), and inflammation markers Z-score (ratio: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.41). In type 2 diabetes, these sex differences were similar in direction, and of greater magnitude. Additionally, HbA1c among non-diabetic individuals was more strongly associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors in women than men: per one per cent point increase, systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.58 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.03 to 7.19), diastolic blood pressure (difference, 2.10 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.02 to 4.23), HDL cholesterol (difference, −0.09 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.19 to 0.00), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (difference, 0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.47). With regard to lifestyle risk factors, no consistent pattern was observed.ConclusionOur results are consistent with the concept that the more adverse changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in women (than men) arise as a continuous process before the onset of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Association of Basal Metabolic Rate and Nutrients Oxidation with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Insulin Sensitivity in Sedentary Middle-Aged Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1186
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete ◽  
Lucas Jurado-Fasoli ◽  
Jonatan R. Ruiz ◽  
Manuel J. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and basal fat and carbohydrate oxidation (BFox and BCHox, respectively) with cardiometabolic risk factors and insulin sensitivity in sedentary middle-aged adults. A total of 71 healthy sedentary adults (37 women) aged 40–65 years participated in the current study. Data were collected during the baseline assessments of the FIT-AGEING randomized controlled trial. BMR was measured via indirect calorimetry, and BFox and BCHox estimated by stoichiometric equations. Blood pressure, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides plasma levels were selected as cardiometabolic risk factors and assessed following standard procedures. We observed positive associations of BMR with plasma insulin and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA; all p < 0.05) which were attenuated or disappeared after controlling by sex, age, and/or lean mass. There were positive associations between BFox and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI; p < 0.015), while negative associations were noted between BFox and plasma insulin and HOMA (p < 0.015). There was a significant negative association between BCHox with QUICKI (p < 0.01), whereas significant positive relationships were obtained when BCHox was associated with plasma insulin and HOMA (p < 0.01). These associations persisted in almost all cases when controlling by sex, age and/or lean mass. No further relationships were found when BMR, BFox, and BCHox were associated with other cardiometabolic risk factors. In conclusion, our study findings support that greater BFox and lower BCHox are related to improved insulin sensitivity, whereas BMR seems to be not associated with neither cardiometabolic risk nor insulin sensitivity in sedentary middle-aged adults. Further intervention studies are necessary to well-understand the physiological mechanism implied in this relationship.

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