scholarly journals Evaluation of a Novel WeChat Applet for Image-Based Dietary Assessment among Pregnant Women in China

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3158
Author(s):  
Ye Ding ◽  
Xiaolong Lu ◽  
Zhencheng Xie ◽  
Tingting Jiang ◽  
Chenglin Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Recall Method ◽  
Weighing Method

As an important part of antenatal care for pregnant women in China, dietary assessment plays a positive role in maternal and fetal health. Shortcomings in the associated methodologies require improvement. Our purpose was to develop a novel WeChat Applet for image-based dietary assessment (WAIDA) and evaluate its relative validity among pregnant women in China. Data on 251 lunch meals of pregnant women in their second trimester were analyzed. The differences in food weight, energy, and nutrient estimates by the dietary recall or WAIDA method with the weighing method were compared using paired t-tests. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlation between food weight, energy, and nutrient intake obtained from the recall or WAIDA method and those obtained from the weighing method. The Bland–Altman analysis was used to examine the agreement between the recall or WAIDA method and the weighing method for energy and nutrients. Compared with the weighing method, the variation range of food weight, energy and nutrients estimated by the WAIDA method was smaller and more stable than that estimated by the recall method. Compared with the recall method, the correlations suggested a better relationship between the energy and nutrient intakes from the weighing method and those estimated by the WAIDA method (0.752–0.970 vs. 0.480–0.887), which were similar to those of food weight (0.332–0.973 vs. −0.019–0.794). The Bland-Altman analysis showed that the mean differences of the energy and nutrients estimated from the recall method were further away from zero relative to the weighing method compared to the WAIDA method and with numerically wider 95% confidence intervals. The spans between the upper and lower 95% limit of agreement (LOAs) of the energy and nutrients obtained by the WAIDA method were narrower than those obtained by the recall method, and the majority of the data points obtained by the WAIDA method lay between the LOAs, closer to the middle horizontal line. Compared with the recall method, the WAIDA method is consistent with the weighing method, close to the real value of dietary data, and expected to be suitable for dietary assessment in antenatal care.

scholarly journals Comparison of IOP Measurement by Goldmann Applanation Tonometer, ICare Rebound Tonometer, and Tono-Pen in Keratoconus Patients after MyoRing Implantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Rateb ◽  
Mahmoud Abdel-Radi ◽  
Zeiad Eldaly ◽  
Mohamed Nagy Elmohamady ◽  
Asaad Noor El Din
Keyword(s):  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Rebound Tonometer ◽  
Goldmann Applanation Tonometer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Applanation Tonometer ◽  
Icare Rebound Tonometer

Purpose. To evaluate the different IOP readings by Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), ICare rebound tonometer, and Tono-Pen in keratoconus patients after MyoRing implantation. To assess the influence of central corneal thickness (CCT) and thinnest corneal location (TCL) on IOP measurements by different tonometers. Setting. Prospective observational study was conducted in two private centers in Egypt from February 2015 to November 2016. Methods. Seventeen eyes of 10 patients suffering from keratoconus and who underwent MyoRing implantation were recruited. All subjects underwent GAT, ICare, and Tono-Pen IOP measurements in random order. Central corneal thickness and thinnest corneal location were assessed by Pentacam. Difference in mean in IOP readings was assessed by T-test. Correlation between each pair of devices was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient. The Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess intertonometer agreement. Results. Seventeen eyes (10 patients) were evaluated. The mean IOP reading was 13.9 ± 3.68, 12.41 ± 2.87, and 14.29 ± 1.31 mmHg in GAT, ICare, and Tono-Pen group, respectively. There was a significant difference between IOP readings by GAT/ICare and Tono-Pen/ICare (p value: 0.032 and 0.002, respectively) with no significant difference between GAT/Tono-Pen (p value: 0.554). Mean difference in IOP measurements between GAT/ICare was 1.49 ± 2.61 mmHg, Tono-Pen/ICare was 1.89 ± 2.15 mmHg, and GAT/Tono-Pen was −0.39 ± 2.59 mmHg. There was no significant correlation between the difference in IOP readings among any pair of devices and CCC or TCL. The Bland–Altman analysis showed a reasonable agreement between any pair of tonometers.

scholarly journals ‘My Meal Mate’ (MMM): validation of the diet measures captured on a smartphone application to facilitate weight loss

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Carter ◽  
V. J. Burley ◽  
C. Nykjaer ◽  
J. E. Cade
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Individual Level

Accurate dietary assessment is an essential foundation of research in nutritional epidemiology. Due to the weaknesses in current methodology, attention is turning to strategies that automate the dietary assessment process to improve accuracy and reduce the costs and burden to participants and researchers. ‘My Meal Mate’ (MMM) is a smartphone application designed to support weight loss. The present study aimed to validate the diet measures recorded on MMM against a reference measure of 24 h dietary recalls. A sample of fifty volunteers recorded their food and drink intake on MMM for 7 d. During this period, they were contacted twice at random to conduct 24 h telephone recalls. Daily totals for energy (kJ) and macronutrients recorded on MMM were compared against the corresponding day of recall using t tests for group means and Pearson's correlations. Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the agreement between the methods. Energy (kJ) recorded on MMM correlated well with the recalls (day 1: r 0·77 (95 % CI 0·62, 0·86), day 2: r 0·85 (95 % CI 0·74, 0·91)) and had a small mean difference (day 1 (MMM −  recall): − 68 kJ/d (95 % CI − 553, 418 kJ) ( − 16 kcal/d, 95 % CI − 127, 100 kcal); day 2 (MMM −  recall): − 441 kJ/d (95 % CI − 854, − 29 kJ) ( − 105 kcal/d, 95 % CI − 204, − 7 kcal)). Bland–Altman analysis showed wide limits of agreement between the methods: − 3378 to 3243 kJ/d ( − 807 to 775 kcal/d) on day 1. At the individual level, the limits of agreement between MMM and the 24 h recall were wide; however, at the group level, MMM appears to have potential as a dietary assessment tool.

scholarly journals Association of Iron Rich Foods Consumption, Supplement Intake and Prevalence of Anaemia Among Pregnant Women in Owerri Imo State, Nigeria (P24-038-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Anoshirike ◽  
Chinagorom Asinobi ◽  
Vivienne Ibeanu
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Iron Supplement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Supplement Intake

Abstract Objectives This study assessed the association of iron rich foods consumption, supplement intake and prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in Owerri Imo state, Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used, 429 pregnant women attending antenatal care were randomly selected from each of the five hospitals randomly selected from Owerri. Biochemical test (Haemoglobin determination) and a structured and pre-tested questionnaires was used for data collection. Data were statistically analyzed using Pearson correlation and Chi-square test with SPSS Version 22 at significance level of P < 0.05. Results Result shows that two third (72.3%) of the respondents were aged 26–35yrs, 72.3% were in the third trimester, 77.4% had multigravida, 43.4% had a birth spacing of 12–18months, 28.1% and 26.8% had loss a child at birth and caesarean delivery respectively, 51.0% commenced antenatal care visit at 13–24 weeks of their pregnancy, 75% had malaria and 39% were anaemic (17% mild, 17% moderate and 5% severe anaemia). More than half of the pregnancy women took folic acid (61.1%), B-complex vitamin (53.6%) and one third (35.9%) took Ferrous Sulphate at least once daily, 78% sourced their supplements from hospital. Most of the pregnant women consumed animal protein, green leafy vegetable and fruits at least 4 times weekly; there are significant (P < 0.05) associations between consumption of iron rich foods, supplement intake and prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women. Conclusions In conclusion, this study revealed a high prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women, moderate consumption of iron rich foods, poor intake of iron supplement and a significant association between prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women, consumption of iron rich food and intake iron supplement among pregnant women in the study area. Funding Sources Self Funded (Author).

scholarly journals Comparison between radial artery tonometry pulse analyzer and pulsed-Doppler echocardiography derived hemodynamic parameters in cardiac surgery patients: a pilot study

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashad Zayat ◽  
Andreas Goetzenich ◽  
Ju-Yeon Lee ◽  
HeeJung Kang ◽  
So-Hyun Jansen-Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Limits

BackgroundBedside non-invasive techniques, such as radial artery tonometry, to estimate hemodynamic parameters have gained increased relevance as an attractive alternative and efficient method to measure hemodynamics in outpatient departments. For our pilot study, we sought to compare cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV) estimated from a radial artery tonometry blood pressure pulse analyzer (BPPA) (DMP-Life, DAEYOMEDI Co., Gyeonggi-do, South Korea) to pulsed-wave Doppler (PWD) echocardiography derived parameters.MethodsFrom January 2015 to December 2016, all patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery at our department were screened. Exclusion criteria were, inter alia, moderate to severe aortic- or Mitral valve disease and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) > stage II. One hundred and seven patients were included (mean age 66.1 ± 9.9, 15 females, mean BMI 27.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2). All patients had pre-operative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). We measured the hemodynamic parameters with the BPPA from the radial artery, randomly before or after TTE. For the comparison between the measurement methods we used the Bland-Altman test and Pearson correlation.ResultsMean TTE-CO was 5.1 ± 0.96 L/min, and the mean BPPA-CO was 5.2 ± 0.85 L/min. The Bland-Altman analysis for CO revealed a bias of −0.13 L/min and SD of 0.90 L/min with upper and lower limits of agreement of −1.91 and +1.64 L/min. The correlation of CO measurements between DMP-life and TTE was poor (r = 0.501,p < 0.0001). The mean TTE-SV was 71.3 ± 16.2 mL and the mean BPPA-SV was 73.8 ± 19.2 mL. SV measurements correlated very well between the two methods (r = 0.900,p < 0.0001). The Bland-Altman analysis for SV revealed a bias of −2.54 mL and SD of ±8.42 mL and upper and lower limits of agreement of −19.05 and +13.96 mL, respectively.ConclusionOur study shows for the first time that the DMP-life tonometry device measures SV and CO with reasonable accuracy and precision of agreement compared with TTE in preoperative cardiothoracic surgery patients. Tonometry BPPA are relatively quick and simple measuring devices, which facilitate the collection of cardiac and hemodynamic information. Further studies with a larger number of patients and with repeated measurements are in progress to test the reliability and repeatability of DMP-Life system.

scholarly journals The TRUTH confirmed: validation of an intraindividual comparison of gadobutrol and gadoteridol for imaging of glioblastoma using quantitative enhancement analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Kuhn ◽  
Julia W. Patriarche ◽  
Douglas Patriarche ◽  
Miles A. Kirchin ◽  
Massimo Bona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Intraindividual Comparison ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background Previous intraindividual comparative studies evaluating gadobutrol and gadoteridol for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain tumours have relied on subjective image assessment, potentially leading to misleading conclusions. We used artificial intelligence algorithms to objectively compare the enhancement achieved with these contrast agents in glioblastoma patients. Methods Twenty-seven patients from a prior study who received identical doses of 0.1 mmol/kg gadobutrol and gadoteridol (with appropriate washout in between) were evaluated. Quantitative enhancement (QE) maps of the normalised enhancement of voxels, derived from computations based on the comparison of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images relative to the harmonised intensity on unenhanced T1-weighted images, were compared. Bland-Altman analysis, linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) determination were performed to compare net QE and per-region of interest (per-ROI) average QE (net QE divided by the number of voxels). Results No significant differences were observed for comparisons performed on net QE (mean difference -24.37 ± 620.8, p = 0.840, r = 0.989) or per-ROI average QE (0.0043 ± 0.0218, p = 0.313, r = 0.958). Bland-Altman analysis revealed better per-ROI average QE for gadoteridol-enhanced MRI in 19/27 (70.4%) patients although the mean difference (0.0043) was close to zero indicating high concordance and the absence of fixed bias. Conclusions The enhancement of glioblastoma achieved with gadoteridol and gadobutrol at 0.1 mmol/kg bodyweight is similar indicating that these agents have similar contrast efficacy and can be used interchangeably, confirming the results of a prior double-blind, randomised, intraindividual, crossover study.

scholarly journals Comparison of Anterior Corneal Curvature Measurements Using a Galilei Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer and Topcon Auto Kerato-Refractometer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaogang Wang ◽  
Jing Dong ◽  
Qiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Significant Linear Correlation ◽  
Curvature Measurements ◽  
Good Agreement

Purpose. To compare anterior corneal keratometry (K) measurements taken by a dual Scheimpflug analyzer and an auto kerato-refractometer.Methods. Sixty-four normal eyes underwent keratometric measurements with both devices. The repeatability of the auto kerato-refractometer measurements was assessed by calculating the coefficient of variation (COV). The interdevice agreement was evaluated using the Bland-Altman analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and paired two-tailedt-test.Results. The COV of the flatKand steepKmeasurements taken by the auto kerato-refractometer were 0.21% and 0.29%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the steepKand averageKmeasurements for the Topcon and Galilei devices (P= 0.475, andP= 0.137, resp.). The Galilei flatKvalues were lower than those of the Topcon (P= 0.002). Both of the instruments showed good agreement for all anterior corneal keratometric values. There was a significant linear correlation between the Galilei and Topcon devices for the flatK(r= 0.989,P< 0.0001), steepK(r= 0.987,P< 0.0001), and averageKvalues (r= 0.994,P< 0.0001).Conclusions. The anterior corneal flat keratometric values were not interchangeable between the Galilei and Topcon devices. However, the measurements of the two instruments showed significant linear correlation with each other.

scholarly journals CAKUPAN ANC DAN CAKUPAN TABLET FE HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PREVALENSI ANEMIA DI JAWA TIMUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Sylvi Natalia ◽  
Sri Sumarmi ◽  
Siti Rahayu Nadhiroh
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Family Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Iron supplementation is one of the anemia prevention program in Indonesia. Success Indicator of its program is ANC coverage and coverage of iron tablet distribution. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the ANC (Antenatal Care) and iron tablet coverage with prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in East Java year 2015. This research used data report from Nutrition Division and Family Health Division of Provincial Health Office East Java. Data was analyse using Pearson correlation test. The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in East Java was 5.8%, the result are still below the national target which is 28%. The result showed that there was no relationship between the ANC and iron tablet coverage with the prevalence of anemia (p-value > 0.05). It is concluded that coverage of iron supplementation among pregnant women through ANC does not describe the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women due to many factors that infl uence anemia such as bioavailability of iron and compliance pregnant women consume iron.Keywords: anemia, ANC coverage, iron tablet

Correlation of Measured and Estimated Creatinine Clearance in Hospitalized Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 001857872091902
Author(s):  
Rachel I. Lavelle ◽  
Austin R. Brown ◽  
Anthony Gerlach
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Hospitalized Elderly ◽  
Hospitalized Elderly Patients ◽  
The Impact

Background: Accurate assessment of renal function is essential in hospitalized elderly patients. Few studies have examined the accuracy of Cockcroft-Gault (C-G) estimates of creatinine clearance (CrCl) compared with measured clearance in these patients. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between C-G estimates of CrCl and measured CrCl in hospitalized elderly patients. Methods: This Institutional Review Board–approved, single-center retrospective observational cohort study included all patients who were 65 years and older admitted to our medical center in January to September 2018 with either an 8- or 24-hour urine collected during admission. The primary outcome was correlation, bias, and precision of C-G estimates of CrCl versus measured CrCl using Pearson correlation, Spearman linear regression, and Bland-Altman analysis. Outliers were determined using a cut-off of ±20%. Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or percentages. Results: A total of 108 urine collections from 90 unique patients were included in the study. The patients were 51% female, median age was 71 (68-77) years, and median body mass index was 26.6 (22.8-31) kg/m2. Most collections were over 24 hours (66.7%), and 38% were performed while patients were in an intensive care unit. Median blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was 24.5 (17-36) mg/dL and median serum creatinine was 0.71 (0.55-1.09) mg/dL. The median C-G estimation was 75.4 (48.2-110.6) mL/min, and the median measured CrCl was 79.1 (38.1-99.5) mL/min, r2 = .56 ( P < .001). Bland-Altman analysis showed large limits of agreement (-75.5-57.7 mL/min), with a bias of −8.9 and precision (standard deviation of bias) of 34 mL/min. Outliers were common, with 38% of C-G estimation values >120% of measured CrCl, and 18% of C-G estimates <80% of measured CrCl. Conclusions: Measured CrCl varied significantly from C-G estimates in hospitalized elderly patients. It is important to recognize characteristics of patients who may benefit from measurement of CrCl. Future studies should examine the impact of this variance on clinical outcomes.

Comparison of biochemical variables in plasma samples obtained from healthy dogs and cats by use of standard and microsample blood collection tubes

2010 ◽  
Vol 237 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-292
Author(s):  
Jacqueline C. Whittemore ◽  
Bente Flatland
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes

Abstract Objective—To compare results of biochemical analyses performed on plasma samples obtained from healthy dogs and cats by use of standard and microsample blood collection tubes. Design—Evaluation study. Animals—29 healthy client-owned animals (14 dogs and 15 cats). Procedures—A blood sample (3 mL) was collected from each animal; 2.5 mL was transferred into a vacuum tube that contained lithium heparin, and 0.5 mL was transferred into a microsample tube that contained lithium heparin. Variables evaluated were albumin, bicarbonate, BUN, calcium, chloride, cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, total bilirubin, and total protein concentrations and alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase activities. Results for the 2 types of tubes in each species were compared by use of Pearson correlation coefficients, Passing-Bablok regression analysis, and Bland-Altman analysis. Results—Data were normally distributed, except for creatine kinase activity of cats. The Pearson correlation coefficient was minimal for total bilirubin concentration in cats and moderate, high, or very high for all other variables. Constant bias for cholesterol and glucose concentration in dogs was identified during Bland-Altman analysis, although the mean difference between types of blood collection tubes was small. No constant or proportional bias for any other variable was revealed by regression analysis or Bland-Altman analysis. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Samples obtained from healthy dogs and cats by use of microsample blood collection tubes that contained lithium heparin provided clinically equivalent biochemical results, compared with results for samples obtained by use of standard blood collection tubes, and minimized the total sample volume collected for diagnostic testing.

scholarly journals Dietary assessment with the online platform MyFitnessPal: a reliable method?

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Evenepoel ◽  
Egbert Clevers ◽  
Lise Deroover ◽  
Christophe Matthys ◽  
Kristin Verbeke
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Dietary Record

AbstractA major challenge in dietary assessment is the manual pre-processing of dietary data. Digital food registration via online platforms that are coupled to large food databases can automate this process. The accuracy of such platforms depends on the quality of the associated food database. In this study we validated the database of MyFitnessPal (MFP) versus the Belgian food composition database Nubel.Fifty participants collected a 4-day dietary record using MFP at 2 time points, T1 and T2. Nutrient intake values extracted from MFP at T1 were used as training set to define a cut-off for each parameter (energy intake (EI), carbohydrates (CH), fat (F), protein (P), fibre (Fi), sugar (S), cholesterol (Ch) and sodium (So)) by optimising correlation with Nubel calculated values. Application of these criteria to the values extracted at T2 (n = 2826) resulted in rejection rate of 2.8%. The remaining values were correlated (Pearson or Spearman) with the Nubel calculated values. Fixed and proportional biases were traced using Bland-Altman analysis and impact on sample size was estimated from a power simulation.MFP demonstrated strong correlation with the Nubel database for EI (r = 0.95), CH (r = 0.90), F (r = 0.90), P (r = 0.88), Fi (r = 0.80) and S (r = 0.77), but weak correlations for Ch (ρ = 0.51) and So (ρ = 0.53); all p < 0.001. Bland-Altman analysis showed no fixed bias between both methods, whereas a proportional bias was found for cholesterol. A practical implication is a loss of statistical power by 5–10% for EI and macronutrients compared to the Nubel database and the need to increase sample size accordingly.We conclude that dietary analysis with MFP is accurate and efficient for total energy intake, macronutrients, fibre and sugar, but not for cholesterol and sodium

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