scholarly journals DASH Diet as a Proposal for Improvement in Cellular Immunity and Its Association with Metabolic Parameters in Persons with Overweight and Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3540
Author(s):  
Carmen Paulina Rodríguez-López ◽  
María Cristina González-Torres ◽  
Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas ◽  
Oralia Nájera-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulations ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
The Impact

The development of obesity entails a chronic low-grade inflammatory state with increased pro-inflammatory cells, mainly in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Additionally, dietary patterns have an influence on the regulation of chronic inflammation. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) include foods with an anti-inflammatory profile and that have positive impacts on body composition (BC), suggesting improvements in inflammatory processes. Objective: To analyze the impact of the DASH diet on cellular immunity, anthropometric, biochemical and BC parameters in patients with overweight and obesity, who could present metabolic syndrome. Methodology: Lymphocyte subpopulations, biochemical parameters, anthropometric parameters, and BC before and 8 weeks after intervention with the DASH diet in persons with overweight and obesity were measured. Results: Fifty-nine young adults participated in the study. After the intervention, no significant changes in biochemical parameters were observed, although a significant decrease in nearly all of the anthropometric and BC variables was found: waist circumference (p < 0.001), percentage and kilograms of fat (p < 0.001 and p < 0.025, respectively), VAT (p < 0.020), and weight (p < 0.001), as well as total lymphocytes and double-positive TCD4+ cells. A relation between changes in leukocyte subpopulations (monocytes, natural killer, helper and cytotoxic lymphocytes, and naive TCD4+ cells) and metabolic improvements (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-c) was also found. Conclusions: The DASH diet promotes positive changes in lymphocyte subpopulations, anthropometric parameters and BC in persons with overweight and obesity. Future studies should elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which the DASH diet produces inmunometabolic improvement.

Exploiting Laboratory Insights to Improve Outcomes of Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors

2016 ◽  
pp. e540-e546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles W. Robinson ◽  
Hendrik Witt ◽  
Adam Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Tumor Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Over a relatively short period of time, owing to improvements in biotechnology, our ability to identify the molecular mechanisms within pediatric brain tumors has dramatically increased. These findings have reshaped the way that we describe these diseases and have provided insights into how to better treat these often devastating diseases. Although still far from reaching the full therapeutic potential these advancements hold, the impact of these findings is steadily taking hold of pediatric brain tumor management. In this article, we summarize the major discoveries within three common pediatric brain tumor categories; medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and low-grade glioma. We discuss the current impact of these findings on treatment and the direction these findings may take the field of pediatric neuro-oncology.

scholarly journals The Adipose Microenvironment Dysregulates the Mammary Myoepithelial Cells and Could Participate to the Progression of Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Delort ◽  
Juliette Cholet ◽  
Caroline Decombat ◽  
Marion Vermerie ◽  
Charles Dumontet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adipose Cells

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Overweight and obesity are now recognized as established risk factors for this pathology in postmenopausal women. These conditions are also believed to be responsible for higher recurrence and mortality rates. Reciprocal interactions have been described between adipose and cancer cells. An adipose microenvironment favors a greater proliferation of cancer cells, their invasion and even resistance to anti-cancer treatments. In addition, the chronic low-grade inflammation observed in obese individuals is believed to amplify these processes. Among the cell types present in the breast, myoepithelial cells (MECs), located at the interface of the epithelial cells and the stroma, are considered “tumor suppressor” cells. During the transition from ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive cancer, disorganization or even the disappearance of MECs is observed, thereby enhancing the ability of the cancer cells to migrate. As the adipose microenvironment is now considered as a central actor in the progression of breast cancer, our objective was to evaluate if it could be involved in MEC functional modifications, leading to the transition of in situ to invasive carcinoma, particularly in obese patients. Through a co-culture model, we investigated the impact of human adipose stem cells from women of normal weight and obese women, differentiated or not into mature adipocytes, on the functionality of the MECs by measuring changes in viability, apoptosis, gene, and miRNA expressions. We found that adipose cells (precursors and differentiated adipocytes) could decrease the viability of the MECs, regardless of the original BMI. The adipose cells could also disrupt the expression of the genes involved in the maintenance of the extracellular matrix and to amplify the expression of leptin and inflammatory markers. miR-122-5p and miR-132-3p could also be considered as targets for adipose cells. The metabolite analyses revealed specific profiles that may be involved in the growth of neoplastic cells. All of these perturbations could thus be responsible for the loss of tumor suppressor status of MECs and promote the transition from in situ to invasive carcinoma.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Impact of Two Methods of Nutrition-Behavioral Intervention on Selected Auxological and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Prepubertal Children—Crossover Preliminary Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2841
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska ◽  
Małgorzata Wójcik ◽  
Aleksandra Furtak ◽  
Dominika Januś ◽  
Jerzy B. Starzyk
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Intensive Intervention ◽  
Group I ◽  
Physician Care ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Obese children are exposed to short and long-term health consequences, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. For these reasons, the prevention and treatment of obesity in the pediatric population is a challenge for health care professionals. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an intensive intervention based on diet and physical activity has a better impact on the auxological and biochemical parameters than standard care (intervention). The study included 20 children (six boys, 14 girls), of the mean age 8.9 (SD 1.4) before puberty. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups: Group I (starting treatment with intensive intervention), and II (starting treatment with standard intervention). After three months, the groups were switched. The comparison of the two interventions in the study group indicates a better effectiveness of intensive intervention in the improvement of anthropometric parameters and majority of biochemical ones (except for insulin concentration, HOMA IR index and LDL cholesterol). As the result of intensive intervention, the mean % of weight-to-height excess and hip circumference decreased significantly (p < 0.005). Our results confirm that complex intervention based on systematic control visits, including personalized dietitian counselling and physician care, during the weight reduction process is more effective than a one-off standard visit.

scholarly journals Hematological parameters in rats poisoned with cadmium nitrate and in biocorrection with the infusion of Beta vulgaris seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Aiman Konkabayeva ◽  
◽  
Aidana Erubay ◽  
Еvgenii Gaibel ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cadmium Nitrate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, using plant extracts and infusions as protectors against the impact of heavy metals, the molecular mechanisms, protective and adaptive reactions of plants are studied. The purpose of this article was to study the protective properties of beetroot seeds infusion in acute and sub-acute poisoning of rats with cadmium nitrate. For this experiment, we used 50 male rats. The animals were exposed to Cd nitrate, with an initial weight of 180 ± 30 g. The first groups of rats were injected with cadmium nitrate at a dose of 0.1 g/L intraperitoneally, the second groups received a 0.01 % solution of cadmium nitrate, 1 mL, 5 days a week, orally for 10 and 24 days. General blood tests and biochemical parameters in rats were investigated. By biochemical parameters, we determined liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, glucose, urea, creatinine, and total protein. The mean ± SEM values were calculated for each group to determine the significance of the intergroup difference. Each parameter was analyzed separately using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. To determine the difference between groups, Student’s «t»-test was used. Studies showed the presence of variations in the parameters of leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets depending on the period of days of poisoning and biocorrection. There were small changes in the content of urea, creatinine, and protein, which were not reliably confirmed. As a result, our research allowed asserting that the use of Beta vulgaris infusion in acute and subacute experiments with poisoning of animals with cadmium nitrate had a positive hepatoprotective effect.

scholarly journals Obesity, energy balance and spermatogenesis

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. R173-R185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro F Oliveira ◽  
Mário Sousa ◽  
Branca M Silva ◽  
Mariana P Monteiro ◽  
Marco G Alves
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Massive Weight Loss ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
The Impact

Obesity has grown to pandemic proportions. It affects an increasing number of children, adolescents and young adults exposed to the silent comorbidities of this disorder for a longer period. Infertility has arisen as one important comorbidity associated with the energy dysfunction promoted by obesity. Spermatogenesis is a highly regulated process that is determined by specific energetic requirements. The reproductive potential of males relies on hormonal-dependent and -independent stimuli that control sperm quality. There are conflicting data concerning the impact of male overweight and obesity on sperm quality, as well as on the possible paternal-induced epigenetic trait inheritance of obesity. In addition, it remains a matter of debate whether massive weight loss induced by lifestyle interventions, drugs or bariatric surgery may or may not benefit obese men seeking fatherhood. Herein, we propose to discuss how energy balance may modulate hormonal signalling and sperm quality in overweight and obese men. We also discuss some molecular mechanisms that mediate obesity-related dysfunction in male reproductive system and how paternal obesity may lead to trait inheritance. Finally, we will discuss how lifestyle modifications and sustained weight loss, particularly the loss achieved by bariatric surgery, may revert some of the deleterious effects of obesity in men and their offspring.

scholarly journals Maternal Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation and Intrauterine Programming of Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1732
Author(s):  
Francesca Parisi ◽  
Roberta Milazzo ◽  
Valeria M. Savasi ◽  
Irene Cetin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Maternal Inflammation ◽  
The Impact

Overweight and obesity during pregnancy have been associated with increased birth weight, childhood obesity, and noncommunicable diseases in the offspring, leading to a vicious transgenerational perpetuating of metabolic derangements. Key components in intrauterine developmental programming still remain to be identified. Obesity involves chronic low-grade systemic inflammation that, in addition to physiological adaptations to pregnancy, may potentially expand to the placental interface and lead to intrauterine derangements with a threshold effect. Animal models, where maternal inflammation is mimicked by single injections with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resembling the obesity-induced immune profile, showed increased adiposity and impaired metabolic homeostasis in the offspring, similar to the phenotype observed after exposure to maternal obesity. Cytokine levels might be specifically important for the metabolic imprinting, as cytokines are transferable from maternal to fetal circulation and have the capability to modulate placental nutrient transfer. Maternal inflammation may induce metabolic reprogramming at several levels, starting from the periconceptional period with effects on the oocyte going through early stages of embryonic and placental development. Given the potential to reduce inflammation through inexpensive, widely available therapies, examinations of the impact of chronic inflammation on reproductive and pregnancy outcomes, as well as preventive interventions, are now needed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of overweight and obesity in professional soldiers of the Czech army over a 11-year period

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Fajfrová ◽  
Vladimír Pavlík ◽  
Jan Psutka ◽  
Michaela Husarová ◽  
Pavla Krutisová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Background/Aim. Obesity is currently considered to be the most frequent metabolic disease worldwide, not only in developed but also in developing countries. The aim of this work was to describe the development of health status in soldiers of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic (ACR) and to emphasize the markers of non-communicable diseases. Our study describes the anthropometric and biochemical parameters of a large group of Czech Army professional soldiers. Data were obtained over a period of 11 years. Methods. During the monitored period, from 1999 to 2009, military physicians carried out on the average 6,360 examinations on professional soldiers per year and monitored their health and nutritional status with the aim of preventing the risk factors of non-communicable diseases. These examinations are compulsory for all professional soldiers at the age of 25, 30, 33, and 36 years. From the age of 39, these examinations are carried out every year till the end of their career. Besides taking personal histories and carrying out standard physical examinations, blood was taken for biochemical examination. The following anthropometric parameters were monitored: body constitution using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Our study describes only part of the data concerning anthropometric and biochemical parameters of professional soldiers which were obtained over a period of 11 years. Results. Average BMI values in men were in the overweight range (26.5-27 kg/m2). Average values of waist circumference, however, ranged from 91.9 cm to 93.4 cm. Between the first and the last year of monitoring a statistically significant decrease in these values ranging from 93.4 ? 9.8 cm to 92.7 ? 9.5 cm (p < 0.001) was observed. All monitored anthropometric parameters in female professional soldiers were within normal limits. During the monitored period the proportion of overweight men gradually increased from 52% to 57.1% (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant changes in the prevalence of obesity in men (12-15%). Average glycaemia levels were within normal range in both men and women. A statistically significant decrease in these levels, however, was observed in men (from 5.1 ? 0.9 mmol/L to 4.8 ? 0.7 mmol/L (p < 0.001) and in women (from 4.9 ? 0.6 mmol/L to 4.6 ? 0.6 mmol/L (p < 0.001). Concerning the lipid profile in men, a significant decrease in average values of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol was observed; from 5.5 ? 1.1 mmol/L to 5.1 ? 1.0 mmol/L (p < 0.001), from 2.0 ? 1.6 mmol/L to 1.6 ? 1.2 mmol/L (p < 0.001) and from 3.4 ? 1.1 mmol/L to 3.2 ? 0.9 mmol/L (p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion. During the monitored period only one-third of military professionals had normal body weight. More favorable situation was in female professional soldiers, two-thirds of them had normal body weight during the monitored period. Additionally, the increase in the number of individuals with BMI values in the overweight range was observed. Although the number of overweight soldiers was overestimated as a result of the inclusion of individuals with increased body weight due to well-developed musculature, the number of overweight and obese soldiers is still high.

scholarly journals Pro-inflammatory effects of DEHP in SGBS-derived adipocytes and THP-1 macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Schaedlich ◽  
Laura-Sophie Beier ◽  
Judith Kolbe ◽  
Martin Wabitsch ◽  
Jana Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Secreted Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dehp Exposure

AbstractIn the member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), overweight and obesity affect the majority of the population. The use of environmental chemicals, such as the plasticizer DEHP, has largely increased simultaneously with this development. DEHP is an "obesogen" that interferes with normal adipocyte differentiation and energy homeostasis. Obesity in turn is accompanied by chronic low-grade adipose tissue inflammation, leading to metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes. The main actors in adipose tissue inflammation are adipocytes and macrophages. However, the impact of DEHP on adipose tissue inflammation and the crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages are unknown and the subjects of the current study. The influence of DEHP on inflammation was investigated in human Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome (SGBS)-derived adipocytes and human THP-1 macrophages. The proinflammatory markers IL8, MCP1, IL1β, TNFα and others were measured (qRT-PCR, ELISA) in SGBS-derived adipocytes treated with DEHP [day 0 (d0)–d4; 50 µg/ml] and THP-1 macrophages cultured with conditioned medium (CM) from DEHP-treated adipocytes (SGBS-CM) (from d4 and d8). DEHP exposure led to a proinflammatory state in SGBS-derived adipocytes (e.g., increased secretion of IL8 and MCP1). Surprisingly, exposure of THP-1 macrophages to SGBS-CM did not show DEHP-induced effects. However, we demonstrated that medium containing (pre)adipocyte-secreted factors had a significant impact on the expression and secretion of macrophage and inflammatory markers in THP-1 macrophages in general and led to the significantly increased accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets.

scholarly journals Metabolic and hormonal aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome: the impact of diet

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalouise O'Connor ◽  
James Gibney ◽  
Helen M. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common, chronic endocrine condition affecting young women of reproductive age. It is characterised by hyperandrogenaemia, and profound menstrual and ovulatory dysfunction with consequent sub-fertility. A clustering of metabolic aberrations is commonly associated with this condition and these include insulin resistance, disordered lipid metabolism and chronic low-grade inflammation. Overweight and obesity, as well as a degree of adipose tissue dysfunction, are present in a large proportion of women with PCOS, and where present, magnify the inherent hyperandrogenaemia characteristic of the condition, in addition to worsening the metabolic profile. Diet and lifestyle interventions are among the first-line treatments for PCOS, and weight reduction through energy restriction has been shown to exert positive influences on both metabolic and hormonal aspects of this condition. Alterations in carbohydrate amount and type have also been investigated, and more recently, dietary fatty acids, with a particular emphasis on PUFA, have been shown to have a positive impact within this population group. Although it is likely that diet is not the root cause of PCOS, it represents a modifiable variable with the potential to improve the health of women with this condition. Work to date has provided insights into the role of diet in PCOS; however, further work is required to determine the role of nutrients specifically within the context of PCOS, in order to develop more effective, evidence-based dietary guidelines for this condition.

scholarly journals Inflamm-ageing: the role of inflammation in age-dependent cardiovascular disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (31) ◽  
pp. 2974-2982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Liberale ◽  
Fabrizio Montecucco ◽  
Jean-Claude Tardif ◽  
Peter Libby ◽  
Giovanni G Camici
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The ongoing worldwide increase in life expectancy portends a rising prevalence of age-related cardiovascular (CV) diseases in the coming decades that demands a deeper understanding of their molecular mechanisms. Inflammation has recently emerged as an important contributor for CV disease development. Indeed, a state of chronic sterile low-grade inflammation characterizes older organisms (also known as inflamm-ageing) and participates pivotally in the development of frailty, disability, and most chronic degenerative diseases including age-related CV and cerebrovascular afflictions. Due to chronic activation of inflammasomes and to reduced endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms, inflamm-ageing contributes to the activation of leucocytes, endothelial, and vascular smooth muscle cells, thus accelerating vascular ageing and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, inflamm-ageing promotes the development of catastrophic athero-thrombotic complications by enhancing platelet reactivity and predisposing to plaque rupture and erosion. Thus, inflamm-ageing and its contributors or molecular mediators might furnish targets for novel therapeutic strategies that could promote healthy ageing and conserve resources for health care systems worldwide. Here, we discuss recent findings in the pathophysiology of inflamm-ageing, the impact of these processes on the development of age-related CV diseases, results from clinical trials targeting its components and the potential implementation of these advances into daily clinical practice.

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