scholarly journals Essential Oils: Pharmaceutical Applications and Encapsulation Strategies into Lipid-Based Delivery Systems

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Cinzia Cimino ◽  
Oriana Maria Maurel ◽  
Teresa Musumeci ◽  
Angela Bonaccorso ◽  
Filippo Drago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Stereochemical Structure ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Natural Remedies ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Pharmaceutical Uses

Essential oils are being studied for more than 60 years, but a growing interest has emerged in the recent decades due to a desire for a rediscovery of natural remedies. Essential oils are known for millennia and, already in prehistoric times, they were used for medicinal and ritual purposes due to their therapeutic properties. Using a variety of methods refined over the centuries, essential oils are extracted from plant raw materials: the choice of the extraction method is decisive, since it determines the type, quantity, and stereochemical structure of the essential oil molecules. To these components belong all properties that make essential oils so interesting for pharmaceutical uses; the most investigated ones are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound-healing, and anxiolytic activities. However, the main limitations to their use are their hydrophobicity, instability, high volatility, and risk of toxicity. A successful strategy to overcome these limitations is the encapsulation within delivery systems, which enable the increase of essential oils bioavailability and improve their chemical stability, while reducing their volatility and toxicity. Among all the suitable platforms, our review focused on the lipid-based ones, in particular micro- and nanoemulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers.

scholarly journals Rose Flowers—A Delicate Perfume or a Natural Healer?

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Milka Mileva ◽  
Yana Ilieva ◽  
Gabriele Jovtchev ◽  
Svetla Gateva ◽  
Maya Margaritova Zaharieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Rosa Gallica ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Plants from the Rosacea family are rich in natural molecules with beneficial biological properties, and they are widely appreciated and used in the food industry, perfumery, and cosmetics. In this review, we are considering Rosa damascena Mill., Rosa alba L., Rosa centifolia L., and Rosa gallica L. as raw materials important for producing commercial products, analyzing and comparing the main biological activities of their essential oils, hydrolates, and extracts. A literature search was performed to find materials describing (i) botanical characteristics; (ii) the phytochemical profile; and (iii) biological properties of the essential oil sand extracts of these so called “old roses” that are cultivated in Bulgaria, Turkey, India, and the Middle East. The information used is from databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Roses have beneficial healing properties due to their richness of beneficial components, the secondary metabolites as flavonoids (e.g., flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins), fragrant components (essential oils, e.g., monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes), and hydrolysable and condensed tannins. Rose essential oils and extracts with their therapeutic properties—as respiratory antiseptics, anti-inflammatories, mucolytics, expectorants, decongestants, and antioxidants—are able to act as symptomatic prophylactics and drugs, and in this way alleviate dramatic sufferings during severe diseases.

scholarly journals PRODUÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DE MICROCÁPSULAS DE ALGINATO CONTENDO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE CASCA DE LARANJA

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Iara Janaína Fernandes ◽  
Amanda Gonçalves Kieling ◽  
Tatiana Louise Avila de Campos Rocha ◽  
Feliciane Andrade Brehm ◽  
Carlos Alberto Mendes Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Thermal And Oxidative Stability ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
The Stability

Essential oils belong to an important group of raw materials with several industrial applications. However, these substances are unstable, which may restrict applicability due to high volatility and high susceptibility to oxidation. Therefore, microencapsulation techniques may improve the stability of essential oils. The present study describes the production evaluates the performance of sodium alginate microcapsules containing orange peel essential oil. The production process was based on the alginate microencapsulation technology. Microcapsules were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, thermal stability, and level of microencapsulated essential oil. The results showed that microcapsules were successfully produced, the microencapsulation technique was effective, and the synthesis process was simple. Also, it was observed that thermal and oxidative stability of essential oil improved with microencapsulation. Microcapsules released approximately 88.3% of the essential oil in 30 days.

LEVISTICUM OFFICINALE (F. APIACEAE): HABITAT, BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Kubasova E.D. ◽  
Korelskaya G.V. ◽  
Kubasov R.V.
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

The Medicinal Lovage (Levisticum Officinale) grows almost everywhere. In order to use Levisticum Officinale in economic needs, including in medicine, a number of countries are specially engaged in its cultivation. The analysis of the scientific literature revealed a large number of publications confirming the diverse chemical spectrum of rhizomes, roots and herbs of the medicinal lovage. In this regard, it is used as a medicinal raw material and is included in a number of European Pharmacopoeias. For medical purposes, all parts of this plant that contain biologically active substances can be used. Levisticum officinale contains various phytochemical compounds and secondary metabolites – terpenoids, flavonoids, essential oils, phthalides, polyacetylenes, coumarins, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic acids, polyacetylenes. All of them have properties that can have a therapeutic effect on the organism. The composition of essential oils of Levisticum Officinale is the most studied. It is mainly represented by monoterpene hydrocarbons, sexwiterpenes and phthalides. There are some differences in the chemical composition of Levisticum Officinale. Most scientists agree that such a discrepancy may be related to the period and process of harvesting plant raw materials, age, genotype of the plant, climatic conditions and place of growth, as well as the method of extraction and the method of identification and quantitative determination of biologically active substances. Therefore, there is a problem of a single universal system of preparation and further use of raw materials. The development of modern methods for analyzing the raw materials of lovage and the study of its chemical composition creates prerequisites for expanding its use as a medicinal plant.

Electrochemical biotesting technique as applied to comparative assessment of antimicrobial properties of essential oils

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
V. S. Sibirtsev ◽  
U. Yu. Nechiporenko ◽  
V. L. Kabanov ◽  
M. Yu. Kukin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Microbiological Testing

A biotesting technique is described that provides for periodic (every 2 hours) recording of changes in pH, redox potential, and electrical conductivity of a liquid culture medium incubated in the presence and in the absence of viable test microorganisms (TM) and test samples (TS). The results of a comparative analysis using this technique of antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus of different concentrations of «essential oils» obtained from 10 types of plant raw materials are presented. Based on this, we can conclude the following. Using the presented methodology, it is possible to assess the effect on the dynamics of the vital activity of TM of samples of various pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, feed and other products, much more quickly, objectively and informatively than using standard visual methods of microbiological testing. The initial antibiotic activity of TS in most cases was greater than their prolonged antibiotic activity. At the same time, the mid-term (in terms of the time of interaction of TS with TM) antibiotic activity of TS was usually intermediate in value between their initial and prolonged biological activity.

scholarly journals Growth and development of phytopathogenic micromycetes under the influence of a mixture of essential oils

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
I. Beznosko ◽  
N. Kosovska ◽  
V. Mineralova ◽  
V.V. Kozin ◽  
O. Mineralov
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
The Creation

The creation a new biological preparations on based vegetable oils is a promising direction in improving the efficiency organic production a plant products in Ukraine. Their ecological expediency consists in safety for the person, environment, animals, entomophagous that gives the chance to receive ecologically safe production. It was studied the sensitivity a phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Trichodérma víride to essential oils of basil and cinnamon. It is showed that the essential oils of basil and cinnamon are inhibit the growth, the development and sporulation phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Trichodérma víride at an environmentally safe level. This indicates their high prospects in the creation the biological products for use in organic production, which will reduce the cost of plant raw materials and improve its quality.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

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