scholarly journals Exogenous Stilbenes Improved Tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana to a Shock of Ultraviolet B Radiation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1282
Author(s):  
Zlata V. Ogneva ◽  
Vlada V. Volkonskaia ◽  
Alexandra S. Dubrovina ◽  
Andrey R. Suprun ◽  
Olga A. Aleynova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Plant Phenolics ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Irradiation Intensity ◽  
Protective Shield

Excessive ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation is one of the most serious threats leading to severe crop production losses. It is known that secondary metabolite biosynthesis plays an important role in plant defense and forms a protective shield against excessive UV-B irradiation. The contents of stilbenes and other plant phenolics are known to sharply increase after UV-B irradiation, but there is little direct evidence for the involvement of stilbenes and other plant phenolics in plant UV-B protection. This study showed that foliar application of trans-resveratrol (1 and 5 mM) and trans-piceid (5 mM) considerably increased tolerance to a shock of UV-B (10 min at 1800 µW cm−2 of irradiation intensity) of four-week-old Arabidopsis thaliana plants that are naturally incapable of stilbene production. Application of trans-resveratrol and trans-piceid increased the leaf survival rates by 1–2%. This stilbene-induced improvement in UV-B tolerance was higher than after foliar application of the stilbene precursors, p-coumaric and trans-cinnamic acids (only 1–3%), but less than that after treatment with octocrylene (19–24%), a widely used UV-B absorber. Plant treatment with trans-resveratrol increased expression of antioxidant and stress-inducible genes in A.thaliana plants and decreased expression of DNA repair genes. This study directly demonstrates an important positive role of stilbenes in plant tolerance to excessive UV-B irradiation, and offers a new approach for plant UV-B protection.

scholarly journals Seed Gamma Irradiation of Arabidopsis thaliana ABA-Mutant Lines Alters Germination and Does Not Inhibit the Photosynthetic Efficiency of Juvenile Plants

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932582097924
Author(s):  
Darya Babina ◽  
Marina Podobed ◽  
Ekaterina Bondarenko ◽  
Elizaveta Kazakova ◽  
Sofia Bitarishvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Mutant Lines

Plant growth response to γ-irradiation includes stimulating or inhibitory effects depending on plant species, dose applied, stage of ontogeny and other factors. Previous studies showed that responses to irradiation could depend on ABA accumulation and signaling. To elucidate the role of ABA in growth and photosynthetic responses to irradiation, lines Col-8, abi3-8 and aba3 -1 of Arabidopsis thaliana were used. Seeds were γ-irradiated using 60Co in the dose range 50-150 Gy. It was revealed that the dose of 150 Gy affected germination parameters of aba3 -1 and Col-8 lines, while abi3-8 line was the most resistant to the studied doses and even showed faster germination at early hours after γ-irradiation at 50 Gy. These results suggest that susceptibility to ABA is probably more important for growth response to γ-irradiation than ABA synthesis. The photosynthetic functioning of 16-day-old plants mainly was not disturbed by γ-irradiation of seeds, and no indication of photosystem II photoinhibition was noticed, revealing the robustness of the photosynthetic system of A. thaliana. Glutathione peroxidase activity and ABA concentrations in plant tissues were not affected in the studied dose range. These results contribute to the understanding of germination and photosynthesis fine-tuning and of mechanisms of plant tolerance to ionizing radiation.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Salinized Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) Plants to Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Reda E. Abdelhameed ◽  
Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef ◽  
Rania S. Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Content Index ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Total Free Amino Acids ◽  
The Impact

Considering the detrimental effects of salt stress on the physiological mechanisms of plants in terms of growth, development and productivity, intensive efforts are underway to improve plant tolerance to salinity. Hence, an experiment was conducted to assess the impact of the foliar application of salicylic acid (SA; 0.5 mM) on the physiological traits of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) plants grown under three salt concentrations (0, 75, and 150 mM NaCl). An increase in salt concentration generated a decrease in the chlorophyll content index (CCI); however, the foliar application of SA boosted the CCI. The malondialdehyde content increased in salt-stressed fenugreek plants, while a reduction in content was observed with SA. Likewise, SA application induced an accumulation of proline, total phenolics, and flavonoids. Moreover, further increases in total free amino acids and shikimic acid were observed with the foliar application of SA, in either control or salt-treated plants. Similar results were obtained for ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase with SA application. Hence, we concluded that the foliar application of SA ameliorates salinity, and it is a growth regulator that improves the tolerance of fenugreek plants under salt stress.

scholarly journals Bacterial Community Members Increase Bacillus subtilis Maintenance on the Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-313
Author(s):  
Noam Eckshtain-Levi ◽  
Susanna Leigh Harris ◽  
Reizo Quilat Roscios ◽  
Elizabeth Anne Shank
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Root Microbiome ◽  
Over Time

Plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are used to improve plant health and promote crop production. However, because some PGPB (including Bacillus subtilis) do not maintain substantial colonization on plant roots over time, it is unclear how effective PGPB are throughout the plant growing cycle. A better understanding of the dynamics of plant root community assembly is needed to develop and harness the potential of PGPB. Although B. subtilis is often a member of the root microbiome, it does not efficiently monoassociate with plant roots. We hypothesized that B. subtilis may require other primary colonizers to efficiently associate with plant roots. We utilized a previously designed hydroponic system to add bacteria to Arabidopsis thaliana roots and monitor their attachment over time. We inoculated seedlings with B. subtilis and individual bacterial isolates from the native A. thaliana root microbiome either alone or together. We then measured how the coinoculum affected the ability of B. subtilis to colonize and maintain on A. thaliana roots. We screened 96 fully genome-sequenced strains and identified five bacterial strains that were able to significantly improve the maintenance of B. subtilis. Three of these rhizobacteria also increased the maintenance of two strains of B. amyloliquefaciens commonly used in commercially available bioadditives. These results not only illustrate the utility of this model system to address questions about plant–microbe interactions and how other bacteria affect the ability of PGPB to maintain their relationships with plant roots but also may help inform future agricultural interventions to increase crop yields. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals Improving Tolerance of Faba Bean during Early Growth Stages to Salinity through Micronutrients Foliar Spray

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. EL FOULY ◽  
Zeinab M. MOBARAK ◽  
Zeinab A. SALAMA
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

Salinity, either of soil or of irrigation water, causes disturbances in plant growth and nutrient balance. Previous work indicates that applying nutrients by foliar application increases tolerance to salinity. A pot experiment with three replicates was carried out in the green house of NRC, Cairo, Egypt, to study the effect of micronutrients foliar application on salt tolerance of faba bean. Two concentrations of a micronutrient compound (0.1% and 0.15%) were sprayed in two different treatments prior to or after the salinity treatments. Levels of NaCl (0.00-1000-2000-5000 ppm) were supplied to irrigation water. Results indicated that 2000 and 5000 ppm NaCl inhibited growth and nutrient uptake. Spraying micronutrients could restore the negative effect of salinity on dry weight and nutrients uptake, when sprayed either before or after the salinity treatments. It is suggested that micronutrient foliar sprays could be used to improve plant tolerance to salinity.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the Jojoba Aquaporin Gene, ScPIP1, Enhances Drought and Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Wang ◽  
Fei Gao ◽  
Jie Bing ◽  
Weimin Sun ◽  
Xiuxiu Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Desert Plant ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Drought And Salt Tolerance

Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) are a subfamily of aquaporin proteins located on plasma membranes where they facilitate the transport of water and small uncharged solutes. PIPs play an important role throughout plant development, and in response to abiotic stresses. Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider), as a typical desert plant, tolerates drought, salinity and nutrient-poor soils. In this study, a PIP1 gene (ScPIP1) was cloned from jojoba and overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression of ScPIP1 at the transcriptional level was induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment. ScPIP1 overexpressed Arabidopsis plants exhibited higher germination rates, longer roots and higher survival rates compared to the wild-type plants under drought and salt stresses. The results of malonaldehyde (MDA), ion leakage (IL) and proline content measurements indicated that the improved drought and salt tolerance conferred by ScPIP1 was correlated with decreased membrane damage and improved osmotic adjustment. We assume that ScPIP1 may be applied to genetic engineering to improve plant tolerance based on the resistance effect in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing ScPIP1.

Improvement of plant performance under water deficit with the employment of biological and chemical priming agents

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 680-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Balestrini ◽  
W. Chitarra ◽  
C. Antoniou ◽  
M. Ruocco ◽  
V. Fotopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Chemical Priming

AbstractDrought represents one of the major constraints on agricultural productivity and food security and in future is destined to spread widely as a consequence of climate change. Research efforts are focused on developing strategies to make crops more resilient and to mitigate the effects of stress on crop production. In this context, the use of root-associated microbial communities and chemical priming strategies able to improve plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, including drought, have attracted increasing attention in recent years. The current review offers an overview of recent research aimed at verifying the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and chemical agents to improve plant tolerance to drought and to highlight the mechanisms involved in this improvement. Attention will be devoted mainly to current knowledge on the mechanisms involved in water transport.

scholarly journals Effects of Orange Extracts on Longevity, Healthspan, and Stress Resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Na Deng ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Mean

Orange, with various bioactive phytochemicals, exerts various beneficial health effects, including anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its anti-aging effects remain unclear. In this study, the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model was used to evaluate the effects of orange extracts on lifespan and stress resistance. The results indicated that orange extracts dose-dependently increased the mean lifespan of C. elegans by 10.5%, 18.0%, and 26.2% at the concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, orange extracts promoted the healthspan by improving motility, and decreasing the accumulation of age pigment and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels without damaging fertility. The survival rates of orange extract-fed worms were obviously higher than those of untreated worms against thermal and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) stress. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly enhanced while malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were diminished. Further investigation revealed that worms supplemented with orange extracts resulted in upregulated levels of genes, including daf-16, sod-3, gst-4, sek-1, and skn-1, and the downregulation of age-1 expression. These findings revealed that orange extracts have potential anti-aging effects through extending the lifespan, enhancing stress resistance, and promoting the healthspan.

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