scholarly journals Role of Engineered Carbon Nanoparticles (CNPs) in Promoting Growth and Metabolism of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek: Insights into the Biochemical and Physiological Responses

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Gyan Singh Shekhawat ◽  
Lovely Mahawar ◽  
Priyadarshani Rajput ◽  
Vishnu D. Rajput ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Absorption Potential ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽  
The Impact

Despite the documented significance of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) in plant development, the knowledge of the impact of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) dosage on physiological responses of crop plants is still scarce. Hence, the present study investigates the concentration-dependent impact of CNPs on the morphology and physiology of Vigna radiata. Crop seedlings were subjected to CNPs at varying concentrations (25 to 200 µM) in hydroponic medium for 96 h to evaluate various physiological parameters. CNPs at an intermediate concentration (100 to 150 µM) favor the growth of crops by increasing the total chlorophyll content (1.9-fold), protein content (1.14-fold) and plant biomass (fresh weight: 1.2-fold, dry weight: 1.14-fold). The highest activity of antioxidants (SOD, GOPX, APX and proline) was also recorded at these concentrations, which indicates a decline in ROS level at 100 µM. At the highest CNPs treatment (200 µM), aggregation of CNPs was observed more on the root surface and accumulated in higher concentrations in the plant tissues, which limits the absorption and translocation of nutrients to plants, and hence, at these concentrations, the oxidative damage imposed by CNPs is evaded with the rise in activity of antioxidants. These findings show the importance of CNPs as nano-fertilizers that not only improve plant growth by their slow and controlled release of nutrients, but also enhance the stress-tolerant and phytoremediation efficiency of plants in the polluted environment due to their enormous absorption potential.

Utilization of kudzu as a lead phytoremediator and the impact of lead on selected physiological responses

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Schwarzauer-Rockett ◽  
Safaa H. Al-Hamdani ◽  
James R. Rayburn ◽  
Nixon O. Mwebi
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
The Impact

Schwarzauer-Rockett, K., Al-Hamdani, S. H., Rayburn, J. R. and Mwebi, N. O. 2013. Utilization of kudzu as a lead phytoremediator and the impact of lead on selected physiological responses. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 951–959. This study was carried out to evaluate kudzu [Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.)] in lead phytoremediation. The impact of lead (PbNO3) concentrations of 100 and 200 mg L−1 on plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance were evaluated. Additionally, concentrations of phenolic compounds and anthocyanin were determined. The lead was dissolved in 0.142 g L−1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and an EDTA control treatment was added to evaluate the impact of EDTA on the above selected plant responses. Root accumulation of lead was significantly higher than in the shoot. Kudzu growth in response to the presence of lead and EDTA in the Hoagland's solution was similar to that of the EDTA control, except for plants growing at 200 mg L−1, which showed significantly lower root dry weight. Total phenolic compounds increased with the presence of EDTA and lead in the Hoagland's solution. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and anthocyanin were not different (P≤0.05) among the treatments, with the exception that carotenoids were significantly higher in plants growing in the presence of EDTA without lead compared with 200 mg L−1 lead concentration. Kudzu accumulated most of the lead in the root and therefore can be considered as a rhizofiltrator. As kudzu was able to accumulate 1.02% (wt/wt) of lead it can be considered a hyper-accumulator.

scholarly journals Urban ecophysiology: beyond costs, stress and biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (22) ◽  
pp. jeb203794
Author(s):  
Caroline Isaksson
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
Urban Conditions ◽  
System Metabolism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physiological Systems

ABSTRACTNatural habitats are rapidly declining due to urbanisation, with a concomitant decline in biodiversity in highly urbanised areas. Yet thousands of different species have colonised urban environments. These organisms are exposed to novel urban conditions, which are sometimes beneficial, but most often challenging, such as increased ambient temperature, chemicals, noise and light pollution, dietary alterations and disturbance by humans. Given the fundamental role of physiological responses in coping with such conditions, certain physiological systems such as the redox system, metabolism and hormones are thought to specifically influence organisms’ ability to persist and cope with urbanisation. However, these physiological systems often show mixed responses to urbanisation. Does this mean that some individuals, populations or species are resilient to the urban environmental challenges? Or is something missing from our analyses, leading us to erroneous conclusions regarding the impact of urbanisation? To understand the impact of urbanisation, I argue that a more integrated mechanistic and ecological approach is needed, along with experiments, in order to fully understand the physiological responses; without knowledge of their ecological and evolutionary context, physiological measures alone can be misinterpreted. Furthermore, we need to further investigate the causes of and capacity for individual plasticity in order to understand not only the impact of urbanisation, but also species resilience. I argue that abiotic and biotic urban factors can interact (e.g. pollution with micro- and macronutrients) to either constrain or relax individual physiological responses – and, thereby, plasticity – on a temporal and/or spatial scale, which can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the impact of urbanisation.

scholarly journals Grafting onto an Appropriate Rootstock Reduces the Impact on Yield and Quality of Controlled Deficit Irrigated Pepper Crops

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1529
Author(s):  
Ramón Gisbert-Mullor ◽  
Nuria Pascual-Seva ◽  
María Amparo Martínez-Gimeno ◽  
Lidia López-Serrano ◽  
Eduardo Badal Marín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Water Potential Measurements ◽  
The Impact

In this study, hybrid pepper rootstock NIBER® is tested for its ability to overcome water stress situations under soil conditions. The impact of deficit irrigation (DI) on yield and fruit quality, irrigation water use efficiency is evaluated, and consequently, the agronomic impact of employing water-stress tolerant rootstock is compared to ungrafted pepper plants. For this purpose, plants of the California-type sweet pepper ‘Maestral F1’ grafted onto NIBER® underwent a sustained DI regime during seasons 2018 and 2019 and were compared to their respective controls. Plants were drip-fertirrigated, and volumetric soil water content was continuously monitored by capacitance sensors. Gas exchange and leaf water potential measurements were taken early in the morning and midday 58, 79, and 114 days after transplanting. Plant and fruit dry biomass, marketable quality, blossom-end rot incidence and harvest index were also determined. For consecutive years, our results confirmed that grafting a pepper cultivar onto an appropriate rootstock (NIBER® in this case) as part of a DI strategy can overcome the negative effects of sustained water stress conditions. The plant biomass production and fruit yields of grafted plants were less affected by DI due to less sensitivity to water stress. This can be attributed to a less marked reduction in shoot dry weight in the grafted plants, which allowed greater whole photosynthesis by maintaining sink activity compared to ungrafted plants.

The New ABCs: A Practitioner's Guide to Neuroscience-Informed Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Field ◽  
Eric T. Beeson ◽  
Laura K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Therapy Model ◽  
The Impact

Cognitive-behavioral therapy models are evolving to take into account the impact of physiological responses on client distress and the secondary role of conscious cognitions and beliefs in perpetuating distress and dysfunction. This article presents an accessible and practical description of a neuroscience-informed cognitive-behavior therapy model, in the hope that readers will learn how to apply this model in practice.

scholarly journals Impact of Harvest Time and Pruning Technique on Total CBD Concentration and Yield of Medicinal Cannabis

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Danilo Crispim Massuela ◽  
Jens Hartung ◽  
Sebastian Munz ◽  
Federico Erpenbach ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Medicinal Cannabis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The definition of optimum harvest and pruning interventions are important factors varying inflorescence yield and cannabinoid composition. This study investigated the impact of (i) harvest time (HT) and (ii) pruning techniques (PT) on plant biomass accumulation, CBD and CBDA-concentrations and total CBD yield of a chemotype III medical cannabis genotype under indoor cultivation. The experiment consisted of four HTs between 5 and 11 weeks of flowering and three PTs-apical cut (T); removal of side shoots (L) and control (C), not pruned plants. Results showed that inflorescence dry weight increased continuously, while the total CBD concentration did not differ significantly over time. For the studied genotype, optimum harvest time defined by highest total CBD yield was found at 9 weeks of flowering. Total CBD-concentration of inflorescences in different fractions of the plant’s height was significantly higher in the top (9.9%) in comparison with mid (8.2%) and low (7.7%) fractions. The T plants produced significantly higher dry weight of inflorescences and leaves than L and C. Total CBD yield of inflorescences for PTs were significantly different among pruned groups, but do not differ from the control group. However, a trend for higher yields was observed (T > C > L).

scholarly journals Transfer of 137Cs to Cereal Plants Due to Microorganisms Activity

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Additional Measure ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Cereal Plants ◽  
Bacterial Preparations

Purpose. Evaluation of the role of individual strains of microorganisms in transfer of 137Cs in spring wheat and rapeseed plants. Methods. Fieldwork, laboratory experiments, inoculation, gamma spectrometry. Results. Soil microorganisms can both reduce and enhance the transition of 137Cs from soil to plants. Inoculating microorganisms, when used on nutrient poor soils, accelerate the growth of plants in length, which indicates an improvement in their growing conditions. Studies have shown that it does not depend on the localization of the microorganism on the root surface, because all analyzed bacteria belonged to the group colonizing the rhizosphere of the plant. In experiments with wheat, there was no significant reduction in 137Cs accumulation. The use of drug complexes based on the bacterial strains Agrobacterium radiobacter IMV B-7246 and A. chroococcum UKM B-6082 for inoculation of rapeseed and Azotobacter chroococcum UKM B-6003 can be considered as an additional radioprotective method of blocking the influx of 137Cs in these rural plants. Conclusions. Soil microorganisms can both reduce and increase the accumulation of 137Cs in plant biomass and this property does not depend on the localization of the microorganism on the root surface, because all analyzed bacteria belonged to the group colonizing the rhizosphere of the plant. The use of inoculation of seeds of agricultural plants with bacterial preparations under the conditions of cultivation on soil contaminated with radionuclides as an additional measure to reduce the accumulation of radionuclides in the green mass of plants is proposed.

Cell Phone Radiations Affect Early Growth of Vigna radiata (Mung Bean) through Biochemical Alterations

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ved Parkash Sharma ◽  
Harminder Pal Singh ◽  
Daizy Rani Batish ◽  
Ravinder Kumar Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidases ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

The indiscriminate use of wireless technologies, particularly of cell phones, has increased the health risks among living organisms including plants. We investigated the impact of cell phone electromagentic fi eld (EMF) radiations (power density, 8.55 μW cm-2) on germination, early growth, proteins and carbohydrate contents, and activities of some enzymes in Vigna radiata. Cell phone EMF radiations signifi cantly reduced the seedling length and dry weight of V. radiata after exposure for 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h. Furthermore, the contents of proteins and carbohydrates were reduced in EMF-exposed plants. However, the activities of proteases, α-amylases, β-amylases, polyphenol oxidases, and peroxidases were enhanced in EMF-exposed radicles indicating their role in providing protection against EMF-induced stress. The study concludes that cell phone EMFs impair early growth of V. radiata seedlings by inducing biochemical changes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Inoculum Type and Mycorrhiza Dosage on Growth and Production of Mung Bean Vigna Radiata L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Syamsuddin Djauhari ◽  
Jami'at Dwi Elriyono ◽  
Bambang Tri Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is the third most essential legume crop commodity after soybeans and peanuts. Mung bean production faced problems of nutrient-poor land and soil texture that does not support soybean growth. The solution to overcome these obstacles is the application of mycorrhizae in nutrient-poor soils. This study aimed to determine the effect of various inoculums and mycorrhizal doses on growth and production in mung beans. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with nine treatments and three replications. The research included mycorrhizal inoculation with various treatments, as well as observations with variable plant height, plant biomass, number of pods, wet weight and dry weight of pods, the weight of 50 wet and dry seeds, mycorrhizal infection in roots, and number of spores in 100 gr of soil. The data were analyzed by SPSS 15.0 program for ANOVA. The results indicated that granular (30 gr) had the highest plant height of (41.33 cm), crown weight (30.69 gr), number of pods, wet and dry pod weight is 13.66, 9.84 gr, and 8.86 gr, respectively, 50 kg of wet and dry weight (3.82 and 3.20) and the highest effect on the number of spores at 29.33. The 30 gr tablets treatment showed the highest results on root weight (22.98 gr), while the 30 gr mixture showed the highest results on the percentage of infection (73.33%).

scholarly journals Transient Nutrient Deficiencies in Pea: Consequences on Nutrient Uptake, Remobilization, and Seed Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Jacques ◽  
Marion Forest ◽  
Vincent Durey ◽  
Christophe Salon ◽  
Alain Ourry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
The Impact

Legume plants, such as peas, are of significant nutritional interest for both humans and animals. However, plant nutrition and thus, seed composition, depends on soil mineral nutrient availability. Understanding the impact of their deprivation on the plant mineral nutrient content, net uptake, and remobilization is of key importance but remains complex as the elements of the plant ionome are linked in intricate networks, one element deprivation impacting uptake and remobilization of other nutrients. To get a better insight into pea mineral nutrition, the transitory deprivations of 13 mineral nutrients were imposed during the vegetative growth phase. Thereafter, plants were grown under optimal mineral conditions until physiological maturity. Plant nutritional status and seed quality impacts caused by the deprivations were characterized using measurement of mineral nutrient concentration and plant biomass allocation. Our results highlight: (i) the preferential allocation of dry weight and elements to shoots at the expense of the roots under non-limiting conditions, and more particularly to the tendrils in comparison to the other shoot organs, (ii) the positive and/or negative impact of one mineral nutrient deprivation on other elements of the ionome, (iii) four different remobilization strategies for eight mineral nutrients, and (iv) possible strategies to improve seed quality via fine control of fertilization during a period of mineral nutrient deficiency.

scholarly journals Responses of Hydroponically Grown Common Bean Fed with Nitrogen-free Nutrient Solution to Root Inoculation with N2-fixing Bacteria

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charis-Konstantina Kontopoulou ◽  
Sofia Giagkou ◽  
Efthalia Stathi ◽  
Dimitrios Savvas ◽  
Pietro P.M. Iannetta
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Impact

To date, few attempts have been made to assess the impact of Rhizobium inoculation on N2 fixation and plant yield in soilless cultivations of common bean. In the present study, common bean (P. vulgaris L.) grown on an inert medium (pumice) was inoculated with either Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 or a commercial product containing a mix of N2-fixing bacteria, specifically rhizobia, and Azotobacter sp. The plants treated with both inoculants were supplied with nitrogen (N)-free (0% N) nutrient solution (NS) throughout the cropping period. A third treatment with non-inoculated plants, which were supplied with a standard (100% N) NS was applied as a control. Inoculation with R. tropici significantly increased the total number of root nodules (80 nodules per plant on average) in comparison with the other two treatments (nine nodules per plant on average). The supply of N-free NS restricted markedly both total plant biomass and pod yield, whereas the inoculation with R. tropici mitigated this effect. The aboveground tissues of plants fed with N-free NS contained appreciably less N than those fed with standard solution when they were inoculated with the commercial inoculant (1.7 vs. 29 mg·g−1 dry weight, respectively). The shoot total N concentration 45, 65, and 90 days after transplanting (32, 31, and 29 mg·g−1 dry weight, respectively) was not reduced by the supply of N-free NS when the plants were inoculated with R. tropici. This finding indicates that, at least from the first sampling date onward, the tissue N level was not a limiting factor for growth and yield in plants inoculated with R. tropici. The supply of N-free NS restricted appreciably the potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) levels in the aboveground plant biomass, regardless of inoculation treatment. The impaired growth and yield in plants fed with N-free NS and inoculated with R. tropici is ascribed to both a N shortage at early growth stages and a reduced K+ uptake aimed at electrochemically balancing the anion-to-cation uptake ratio under conditions of no external NO3– supply.

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