scholarly journals Stability of Transgene Inheritance in Progeny of Field-Grown Pear Trees over a 7-Year Period

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Vadim Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Transgene Inheritance ◽  
Uida Gene ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Transgenic Seeds ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Pear Trees

Breeding woody plants is a very time-consuming process, and genetic engineering tools have been used to shorten the juvenile phase. In addition, transgenic trees for commercial cultivation can also be used in classical breeding, but the segregation of transgenes in the progeny of perennial plants, as well as the possible appearance of unintended changes, have been poorly investigated. We studied the inheritance of the uidA gene in the progeny of field-grown transgenic pear trees for 7 years and the physical and physiological parameters of transgenic seeds. A total of 13 transgenic lines were analyzed, and the uidA gene segregated 1:1 in the progeny of 9 lines and 3:1 in the progeny of 4 lines, which is consistent with Mendelian inheritance for one and two transgene loci, respectively. Rare and random deviations from the Mendelian ratio were observed only for lines with one locus. Transgenic seeds’ mass, size, and shape varied slightly, despite significant fluctuations in weather conditions during cultivation. Expression of the uidA gene in the progeny was stable. Our study showed that the transgene inheritance in the progeny of pear trees under field conditions occurs according to Mendelian ratio, does not depend on the environment, and the seed vigor of transgenic seeds does not change.

scholarly journals Pear rust in the conditions of north-eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
V.I. Tatarynova ◽  
O.G. Zhatov ◽  
V.I. Trotsenko ◽  
A.O. Burdulanyuk ◽  
T.O. Rozhkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Gymnosporangium Sabinae

Studies were conducted during 2017‒2019 based on the training laboratory of horticulture and viticulture of the Sumy National Agrarian University in the conditions of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It was found that the pear was massively affected by rust. This is a fungal disease that was rarely found in fruit orchards of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Rust infected pear trees very rarely in previous years. Only single spots were found on the leaves of the pear. Since 2015, the development of the disease has noticeably accelerated from year to year. There was a massive rust damage of the pear in the region in 2019. The prevalence of the disease reached 100 % in almost all varieties. Mostly the leaves were affected, not to a large extent the shoots of the pear. On the fruits of the external signs of the disease were not detected. During the years of research, weather conditions were optimal for the spread of fungal diseases. Only the aecial stage of the fungus was observed on the pear.  The aecial stage of the pathogen is the most harmful. Affected pear leaves fall prematurely. Studies were conducted on pear varieties Lymonka, Petrovska, Medova, Osinnia Yakovlieva, Chyzhovska, Noiabrska, Bere Desiatova, Uliublenytsia Klappa, which showed different degrees of rust damage. The disease manifested itself most significantly (5 points) on the varieties, Uliublenytsia Klappa and Bere Desiatova. Not one of the varieties did not show high resistance to the pathogen. The pear of the Chyzhovska variety was less affected, with a defeat score of 3 (18.8 %) in 2017 and 4 (32.3 % and 44.1 %) in 2018‒2019. It is known that the life cycle of the rust pathogen Gymnosporangium sabinae (Dicks.) G. Winter occurs on two plants: pear and juniper. The pathogen from juniper goes on the pear and vice versa. Pear trees do not become infected from each other. On the territory adjacent to the fruit garden of Sumy National Agrarian University, a survey of plantings of different types of juniper was conducted. There were no visible signs of the disease on the juniper. At the same time, pear trees were highly infected with the pathogen. Perhaps the spores of the fungus can spread far through air currents. But at the same time, possible changes in the life cycle of the pathogen in the conditions of this region. Clarification of this circumstance requires deeper further research.

scholarly journals Rapid Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco cotyledons using toothpicks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yeu Yau ◽  
Mona Easterling ◽  
Lindsey Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Wait Time ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Leaf Disk ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Time Required

AbstractTobacco is a model plant for genetic transformation, with leaf-disk transformation being the most commonly used method for its transformation. One disadvantage of leaf-disk transformation is obtaining an adequately sized leaf. Cotyledons from young seedlings are considered too small and fragile to use. In an attempt to overcome this drawback, a protocol was developed using toothpicks as a tool to inoculate cotyledons ~2mm in diameter. Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 hosting two different plasmids (pC35.BNK.2 or pRB140-Bxb1-op) was used for transformation. Fifty-six putative transgenic shoots (T0) were obtained from pC35.BNK.2 transformation. Among them, 38 (68%) grew roots in kanamycin-containing medium. Approximately, 35% of transgenic lines contained a single-copy transgenic locus based on Mendelian inheritance analysis and chi-square (χ2) test of T1 seedlings from 17 lines. To simplify the protocol, water-prepared Agrobacterium inoculum was used in pRB140-Bxb1-op (containing gus gene) transformation. This resulted in ~35% putative T0 transgenic lines stained strong blue with GUS histochemical staining assay. Both sets of results demonstrate toothpick inoculation to be an effective approach for Agrobacterium-mediated tobacco cotyledon transformation. This reduces wait time required in existing leaf-disk transformation method using mature leaves. Removal of step requiring submersion of explants in Agrobacterium liquid culture, the protocol also has advantages by minimizing Agrobacterium overgrowth and maintaining explant fitness for later tissue-culturing.

scholarly journals Diversity of phytopathogenic fungi on soybean seed in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Slobodan Krsmanović ◽  
Kristina Petrović ◽  
Marina Ćeran ◽  
Vuk Đorđević ◽  
Predrag Ranđelović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Status Analysis ◽  
Vojvodina Province

Soybean is one of the most important industrial crops in the world. The rich nutritional content of the seed is the reason for the increased cultivation of this crop all over the world. However, a large number of phytopathogenic fungi that exist in soybean seeds can reduce the nutritional content, germination, and seed vigor. Soybean seed samples were collected from experimental fields in seven locations in Vojvodina Province, Serbia in the period 2016-2018. From each sample, 100 seeds were randomly selected. Seeds were surface-disinfested in 4% sodium hypochlorite for 5 min, washed two times in sterile water, and dried on a filter paper. All 100 seeds were placed in 20 Petri dishes with standard potato dextrose agar medium (PDA), five seeds in each, and incubated at 22 ± 2°C for seven days, under 12 h of alternating light/dark conditions. The first assessment was performed on the fourth day after isolation. The health status analysis of soybean seed showed that Peronospora manshurica, Macrophominaphaseolina, Botrytis cinerea, Cercospora kikuchii as well as the species from genera Alternaria, Diaporthe, and Fusarium had colonized soybean seed in Serbia over three years. Species from the genus Alternaria and Peronospora manshurica were dominant in all three examined years. Furthermore, it has been noticed that weather conditions, location, and cultivar significantly influenced the intensity of the infection. The results of this study have shown which pathogens pose a threat to successful soybean seed production and help in finding preventive measures to control these pathogens during vegetation.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Transgenic Papaya Lines Carrying the Coat Protein Gene of Papaya ringspot virus in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 594-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huey-Jiunn Bau ◽  
Ying-Huey Cheng ◽  
Tsong-Ann Yu ◽  
Jiu-Sherng Yang ◽  
Pan-Chi Liou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Transgenic Papaya ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Four transgenic papaya lines expressing the coat protein (CP) gene of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) were evaluated under field conditions for their reaction to PRSV infection and fruit production in 1996 to 1999. Plants were exposed to natural virus inoculation by aphids in two adjacent fields in four different plantings at the same sites. None of the transgenic lines showed severe symptoms of PRSV whereas control nontransgenic plants were 100% severely infected 3 to 5 months after planting. In the first and second trials, 20 to 30% of the transgenic plants showed mild symptoms consisting of confined mottling or chlorotic spots on leaves. The number of transgenic plants with mild symptoms fluctuated according to the season and weather conditions, with a tendency to increase in the winter or rainy season and decrease in the summer. Also, the incidence of the mild symptoms in the third trial increased significantly due to infection by root rot fungi during the rainy season. Interestingly, there was no apparent adverse effect on fruit yield and quality in transgenic plants with mild symptoms. In the first and second experiments, transgenic lines yielded 10.8 to 11.6 and 54.3 to 56.7 times more marketable fruit, respectively, than controls. All transgenic plants produced fruit of marketable quality with no ringspots or distortion.

scholarly journals Increasing seed thiamin content impacts stored carbon partitioning and subsequent seedling stress tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yazdani ◽  
James Aaron Davis ◽  
Jeffrey F. Harper ◽  
David K Shintani
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Transgenic Seeds ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Thiamin Pyrophosphate

Thiamin and thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) are essential components for the function of enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids in living organisms. In addition to its role as a cofactor, thiamin plays a key role in resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Most of the studies used exogenous thiamin to enhance stress tolerance in plants. In this study, we achieved this objective by genetically engineering Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa for the seed-specific co-overexpression of the Arabidopsis thiamin biosynthetic genes Thi4, ThiC, and ThiE. Elevated thiamin content in the seeds of transgenic plants was accompanied by the enhanced expression levels of transcripts encoding thiamin cofactor-dependent enzymes. Furthermore, seed germination and root growth in thiamin over-producing lines were more tolerant to oxidative stress caused by salt and paraquat treatments. The transgenic seeds also accumulated more oil (up to16.4% in Arabidopsis and17.9% in C. sativa) and carbohydrate but less protein than the control seeds. The same results were also observed in TPP over-producing Arabidopsis plants generated by the seed-specific overexpression of TPK1. Together, our findings suggest that thiamin and TPP over-production in transgenic lines confer a boosted abiotic stress tolerance and alter the seed carbon partitioning as well.

scholarly journals An uncanonical transcription factor-DREB2B regulates seed vigor negatively through ABA pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiza Ali ◽  
Zhenzhen Wei ◽  
Yonghui Li ◽  
Lei Gan ◽  
Zuoren Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Responsive Element

AbstractSeed vigor is an important trait for ecology, agronomy, and economy and varies with different plant species and environmental conditions. Dehydration-Responsive Element-Binding Protein 2B (DREB2B), a subgroup of the DREB transcription factor family, is well-known in drought resistance. However, the role of DREB2B in the regulation of seed vigor has not been identified. Here, we found that DREB2B is a negative regulator of seed vigor by ABA-mediated pathway in Arabidopsis with loss of function mutant and over-expressed transgenic lines. Furthermore, DREB2B showed epistatic and parallel to ABI3 simultaneously in seed vigor regulation by genetic and molecular approaches. DREB2B homolog gene (GhDREB2B-A09) was also identified in cotton. The expression analysis indicated that transcripts of DREB2B were higher in mature dry seed, and the transgenic plants showed the conservative roles of DREB2B in Arabidopsis and cotton. In addition, we identified that DREB2B interacted with RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1) to involve seed vigor regulation together in Arabidopsis and cotton with BiFC experiment and mutant phenotypic analysis. Collectively it is concluded that DREB2B interacting with RCD1 or SRO1 function at upstream of and synergistic with ABI3 to regulate seed vigor negatively in Arabidopsis and cotton, which provides novel knowledge in the seed development study.HighlightsDREB2B transcription is seed specific and a negative regulator of seed vigor by ABA-mediated pathway, which interacts with RCD1s, and functions synergistically with ABI3 to affecet seed germination and vigor in Arabidopsis and cotton.

scholarly journals Dendroclimatological Analysis of Wild Pear Pyrus Pyraster (L.) Burgsd. From Biedrusko Military Area (West Poland) — Preliminary Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cedro ◽  
Wojciech Antkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Pointer Years ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Previous Summer ◽  
Pyrus Pyraster

Abstract European wild pear (Pyrus pyraster, syn. Pyrus communis subsp. pyraster L.) is widely distributed in Europe, but rarely studied by dendrochronologists. This preliminary study was aimed to assess the age and effect of climate on tree-ring width in the largest Polish population of P. pyraster, in Biedrusko military area (western Poland). On the basis of samples from 21 trees, a chronology (BIE) was constructed, covering 45 years (1963–2007). Mean tree-ring width in the studied trees is 1.92 mm. The performed analyses (pointer years, correlations, and response function) indicate that tree-ring width is strongly dependent on weather conditions in the year preceding formation of the tree-ring. Annual rings of pear trees were wide after cold and rainy previous summer and after rainy previous October, while in the current year, ring width was affected by insolation in February and temperature in August (positive correlations) and precipitation in May (negative correlation). The low similarity of the ring-width pattern and effect of climate on tree-ring width between this population and a wild pear population from the Bielinek Reserve, located 200 km away, indicate that tree-ring width in this species is strongly dependent on habitat and there is a need to continue dendrochronological analyses.

scholarly journals Constitutive expression of the barley dehydrin gene aba2 enhances Arabidopsis germination in response to salt stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Calestani ◽  
Meena S. Moses ◽  
Elena Maestri ◽  
Nelson Marmiroli ◽  
Elizabeth A. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transgenic Seeds ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Cotyledon Expansion ◽  
Dehydrin Gene

Dehydrins (DHNs) are a sub-family of the late embryogenesis abundant proteins generally induced during development of desiccation tolerance in seeds and water deficit or salinity stress in plants. Nevertheless, a detailed understanding of the DHNs function is still lacking. In this work we investigated the possible protective role during salt stress of a <em>Dhn</em> from <em>Hordeum vulgare</em> (L.), <em>aba2</em>. The coding sequence of the <em>aba2</em> gene was constitutively expressed in transgenic lines of <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> (L.). During salt stress conditions germination rate, cotyledon expansion and greening were greatly improved in the transgenic lines as compared to the wild type. Between 98 and 100% of the transgenic seeds germinated after two weeks in media containing up to 250 mM NaCl, and 90% after 22 days at 300 mM NaCl. In conditions of 200 mM NaCl 93% of the transgenic cotyledons had greened after two weeks, outperforming the wild type by 45%. Our study provides further evidence that DHNs have an important role in salt stress tolerance. The production of plants constitutively expressing DHNs could be an effective strategy to improve plant breeding programs.

Resistance of αAI-1 transgenic chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) dry grains to bruchid beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Lüthi ◽  
Fernando Álvarez-Alfageme ◽  
Jeffrey D. Ehlers ◽  
Thomas J.V. Higgins ◽  
Jörg Romeis
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Transgenic Seeds ◽  
Transgenic Lines

AbstractDry grain legume seeds possessing αAI-1, an α-amylase inhibitor from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), under the control of a cotyledon-specific promoter have been shown to be highly resistant to several important bruchid pest species. One transgenic chickpea and four cowpea lines expressing αAI-1, their respective controls, as well as nine conventional chickpea cultivars were assessed for their resistance to the bruchids Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say), Callosobruchus chinensis L. and Callosobruchus maculatus F. All transgenic lines were highly resistant to both Callosobruchus species. A. obtectus, known to be tolerant to αAI-1, was able to develop in all transgenic lines. While the cotyledons of all non-transgenic cultivars were highly susceptible to all bruchids, C. chinensis and C. maculatus larvae suffered from significantly increased mortality rates inside transgenic seeds. The main factor responsible for the partial resistance in the non-transgenic cultivars was deduced to reside in the seed coat. The αAI-1 present in seeds of transgenic chickpea and cowpea lines significantly increases their resistance to two important bruchid pest species (C. chinensis and C. maculatus) essentially to immunity. To control αAI-1 tolerant bruchid species such as A. obtectus and to avoid the development of resistance to αAI-1, varieties carrying this transgene should be protected with additional control measures.

Inheritance and expression of transgenes in white clover

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Alicia Scott ◽  
D.R. Woodfield ◽  
Anne Allan ◽  
Dorothy Maher ◽  
D.W.R. White
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Uida Gene ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Gus Reporter ◽  
High Level

White clover plants from a range of cultivars can now be routinely transformed with cloned foreign genes. However, before transgenic white clover cultivars can be developed, these inserted genes must be stably inherited and expressed at appropriate levels in progeny. Primary transgenic white clover plants containing a uidA (GUS) reporter transgene were outcrossed and the inheritance and expression of the uidA gene was examined over two generations, in several different cultivar backgrounds. Both Mendelian inheritance and consistent expression in different genetic backgrounds were obtained from strongly expressing primary transgenic plants. However, primary transgenic plants with weak or variable expression gave non-Mendelian inheritance and inconsistent expression of the transgene in progeny plants. Transgenic BC1 plants were also intercrossed to produce a segregating F2 population containing individuals heterozygous or homozygous for the transgene. In these populations heterozygous and homozygous plants had similar levels of uidA gene expression. These results indicate that F2 plants, homozygous for a transgene, might be used to develop a transgenic cultivar. However, both selection of a primary transgenic plant with stable, high level expression of the introduced gene and progeny testing, to determine the influence of genetic background, are prerequisites to such a development. Keywords: gene expression, inheritance, transgene, uidA reporter, white clover

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