scholarly journals An Updated Overview on the Regulation of Seed Germination

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Carrera-Castaño ◽  
Julián Calleja-Cabrera ◽  
Mónica Pernas ◽  
Luis Gómez ◽  
Luis Oñate-Sánchez

The ability of a seed to germinate and establish a plant at the right time of year is of vital importance from an ecological and economical point of view. Due to the fragility of these early growth stages, their swiftness and robustness will impact later developmental stages and crop yield. These traits are modulated by a continuous interaction between the genetic makeup of the plant and the environment from seed production to germination stages. In this review, we have summarized the established knowledge on the control of seed germination from a molecular and a genetic perspective. This serves as a “backbone” to integrate the latest developments in the field. These include the link of germination to events occurring in the mother plant influenced by the environment, the impact of changes in the chromatin landscape, the discovery of new players and new insights related to well-known master regulators. Finally, results from recent studies on hormone transport, signaling, and biophysical and mechanical tissue properties are underscoring the relevance of tissue-specific regulation and the interplay of signals in this crucial developmental process.

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (23) ◽  
pp. 8114-8126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Southey-Pillig ◽  
David G. Davies ◽  
Karin Sauer

ABSTRACT Phenotypic and genetic evidence supporting the notion of biofilm formation as a developmental process is growing. In the present work, we provide additional support for this hypothesis by identifying the onset of accumulation of biofilm-stage specific proteins during Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm maturation and by tracking the abundance of these proteins in planktonic and three biofilm developmental stages. The onset of protein production was found to correlate with the progression of biofilms in developmental stages. Protein identification revealed that proteins with similar function grouped within similar protein abundance patterns. Metabolic and housekeeping proteins were found to group within a pattern separate from virulence, antibiotic resistance, and quorum-sensing-related proteins. The latter were produced in a progressive manner, indicating that attendant features that are characteristic of biofilms such as antibiotic resistance and virulence may be part of the biofilm developmental process. Mutations in genes for selected proteins from several protein production patterns were made, and the impact of these mutations on biofilm development was evaluated. The proteins cytochrome c oxidase, a probable chemotaxis transducer, a two-component response regulator, and MexH were produced only in mature and late-stage biofilms. Mutations in the genes encoding these proteins did not confer defects in growth, initial attachment, early biofilm formation, or twitching motility but were observed to arrest biofilm development at the stage of cell cluster formation we call the maturation-1 stage. The results indicated that expression of theses genes was required for the progression of biofilms into three-dimensional structures on abiotic surfaces and the completion of the biofilm developmental cycle. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis confirmed the detectable change in expression of the respective genes ccoO, PA4101, and PA4208. We propose a possible mechanism for the role of these biofilm-specific proteins in biofilm formation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Koroleva

The article deals with the main provisions of Richard Posners book How judges think, which is, according to the authors own assessment, an attempt by an American scientist to understand the motives that guide judges in making judgments. The emphasis Posner puts on psychology leads to the fact that the book gives the right to talk about how judges think, not about judicial behavior: considering traits, temperament, race and gender, as well as personal and professional experience. From all the above Richard Posner concludes that judges are guided by the rationality of actions and decisions. Therefore, special attention in this article is paid to the concept of rationality from the point of view of Posner himself, as well as the assessment of this concept from the point of view of Russian scientists V.L. Tambovtsev and L.V. Smorgunov, since this concept of rational choice reveals the essence of economic analysis of law. Special attention should be paid to the argument that according to Richard Posner, rational choice does not have to be without error in the conditions of lack of information or the complexity of its collection and analysis. The arguments of Henry Beckett, as one of the founders of the economic analysis of law, on rationality in the Commission of an offense are given. Also, the article considers the facts that allow to state that at present the economic analysis of the law has gone far beyond the initial attention to Antimonopoly regulation, taxation, regulation of public utilities, corporate Finance and other usual areas of economic regulation, the range of issues that can be resolved through economic analysis of the law is much wider and more diverse. According to the results of races-judgements and the estimation of economic analysis of law and the category of rationality in the legal field.


1993 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 195-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGER LEWANDOWSKI ◽  
BIJAN MOHAMMADI

In this work, we consider the k−ε two-equation turbulence model from the point of view of mathematical and numerical analysis. We introduce a new equivalent two-equation model based on a new set of variables. In the first part, we study this model with a constant eddy viscosity. In this model, the coupling between the equations is done only through the right-hand side. In the second part, we consider the complete model with a nonlinear viscosity. Finally, the impact of this new change of variables on the numerical computations with the k−ε model is shown and a robust algorithm which preserves the positivity of the variables is given.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oprescu Georgiana

The approaches considered by the authorities, generally enforced, during the “Covid 19” pandemic regarding the state of national and international tourism have been characterised as excessive and controversial not only from an economical point of view but as well as from a cultural and functional one, and they must be analysed from a sociological perspective. The shortage of medical, organisational and human resources, the lack of mental preparation of medical workers but as well as that of the population in terms of preventing massive losses led to the rapid destruction of what we used to call tourism. From a sociological perspective the world-wide blockage was mainly caused by the superficiality of the prevention methods adopted and by their radicality that blocked the entire economy. By this article I try to approach from a from a sociological point of view the “pandemic” effects that that have influenced and are still influencing tourism. In extenso, the plethora of factors like public transportation, hospitals, workplace and so on have provoked the rapid spread of COVID-19 virus and the impact was ravaging for the hospitality industry due to the fact that the client in his role of tourist received only negative signal, signals of fear and uncertainty. The controversies regarding different fields of national and international tourism are various in number, but the present interest lies in COVID-19 virus and a consequence of this plague is the foreclosure as opposed to the fact that by imposing the right measurements and by protecting this field in a composed way without letting panic to reach the population it would have been possible to at least mentain a constant level of activity in tourism and as a consequence a steady national and international economy. Furthermore, I want to issue the assumption that if there would have been a propper crisis-management on a national level, even on international one, a partnership between the government and the private sector, meaningfull aid coming from government towards the people, employees, antreprenours, elders, lower-class families, private inverstors, not only that from an economical point of view tourism could be saved but also a “positive aura” could have been built in the psyche of the individuals and that would have helped them to have a diffrent type of confinment. For excample, a 10 days stay in a highly reviewed an alternative method - provocative, peacefull and safe- but to acomplish this the hoteliere should revise the concept on which a touritic package is built (by offering services as therapy, medical check-up and so on). The motto of the new concept could be the old saying “A healthy mind in a healthy body“ -”Mens sana in corpore sano” in this way the panic, fear and seclusion could be replaced with cultural work and the right to mental wellness with the help ground-braking touristic offers. From a sociological perspective, in order to have a healthy mind in a healthy body or in order to strengthen our immune system, we, the ones that form the contemporary society should exploit outdoor activities, relaxation time, travelling, living, all this leading to the reinforcement of tourism


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
T. V. Klenova

The article is devoted to the institution of criminal liability for attacks on the honor and dignity of the individual. The article, using the historical method, examines the stages of development of this institution and the features of protecting the honor and dignity of the individual from the point of view of the values of a modern democratic state. The author analyses the impact of explicit and implicit criminal policy objectives on the ways to protect the honor and dignity of the individual. Particular attention is paid to the criminalization and decriminalization of libel and slander. The research is aimed at identifying the problems of targeting in changes in the institution of criminal liability for attacks on honor and dignity, when the relevant criminal law norms are replaced by administrative law norms. The author seeks to depoliticize the protection of the personal right to honor and dignity on the basis of the principle of equality of citizens before the law. The current Russian criminal legislation is mainly aimed at protecting the honor and dignity of persons in connection with their social accessories. Within the protective concept of criminal law, the author of the article justifies the conclusion that the right of anyone who has suffered from slander or insult to achieve the truth and state censure of the perpetrator is guaranteed. Such a view will also be interesting to researchers of the criminal process.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Fredy Andrés Cruz - Vega ◽  
Luz Eliana Figueroa - Granados

The research makes it possible to recognize the judgments of the users who are enrolled in the zero to always family modality and, in turn, establish the relationship they give to the program in the training of their children. The use of qualitative research for this proposal contributes or it establishes the relationship of describing and giving points of view to problems of the social educational and experiential context, the primary objective was to determine the degree of use by users of the program from zero to always family modality, in the municipality of Pamplona. It can be said that the application of this research contributes in part to diagnosing from a personal point of view the impact generated by the program in the training of minors, evidencing in it the theoretical, political and real positions in order to make them aware of the importance of training of children. The instruments used for families in certain rural areas who are the objects of study were semi-structured interviews; validated by experts from the area, they managed to produce key information for the analysis and triangulation. Thanks to the analysis units and the categories established in the interview, it was possible to focus and provide solutions to the objectives set, demonstrating the perception that the beneficiaries of the program of zero They always have in relation to the operation in rural areas of Pamplona. With the information obtained it is clear to establish the conformity of the operation of the program in terms of the role of care for families, the training of minors and the integration of society is thus how the show is getting on the right tide.


Author(s):  
Alexandru Tarna ◽  

The protection of fundamental rights has become an axiom that no longer requires the luxury of argumentation. From another point of view, the protection of human rights on the Internet is only emerging. This is all the more so, as the internet plays an important role in people’s daily lives and in all aspects of human society. The impact of the Internet on social, economic and cultural activity is also growing. The scientific research will be devoted to the following aspects related to meetings and participations in the digital space in the Republic of Moldova: (1) freedom to choose web pages, applications or other services for setting up, joining, mobilizing and participating in groups and social assemblies; (2) the right to peaceful online protest; (3) freedom to use available online tools to participate in local, national and global public policy debates, legislative initiatives and public elections.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Neha Sharma

Abstract Purpose - The study tries to analyze the trends in alumni relations and the role of corporate communication in developing organizational identification and a positive boomerang behavior intention among former employees. The approach of the study has been from the point of view of making this process formal and emphasize on the impact of corporate communication in maintaining alumni relationships, and attracting the former talent for the organization. Methodology- An exploratory methodology was designed to capture the perceptions of current and former employees of nine multinational companies (MNCs) in India, on alumni communication practices prevailing in their organizations. Transcripts of semi-structured interviews were analyzed, coded thematically and the essence of experiences was jointly combined into one description. Findings - Study showed that corporate alumni website, personalized messages on discounts on products and services, emails, social networking platforms, alumni engagement events, leadership and value training workshops and corporate communication standards, particularly consistency, have a positive impact on organizational identification and finally inspire the former employees to rejoin the organization. Practical implications - A number of significant managerial implications are drawn from this study, for example using both corporate communication and training to influence former employees’ attitudes and decision to participate in volunteering activities or rejoin the previous employer. Still, it should be noted that the effect of corporate communication on the behaviors of former employees depend on communication standards and HR interventions in maintaining relationships with alumni. Originality/value - The results provide valuable insights from the key former and current employees perspectives into the effectiveness of alumni communication process to facilitate the recruitment of high performing employees or their involvement in other mutually beneficially activities . Further rehiring alumni is one such innovative method which when done in the right manner can provide a quick solution to the talent crunch. Paper type: Research paper.


Author(s):  
Moaaz Labib Sulaiman Sabah

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of leadership styles:  Exploitive Authoritative, Benevolent Authoritative, Consultative and Participative, according to Likert Leadership styles on job performance: work requirements knowledge, the quality of work, the amount of work done and perseverance and trust, in the directorates of The Ministry of Youth in Jordan.  A questionnaire is designed to collect the required data, SPSS is used to analyze it, to achieve the objectives of the study, which focuses on identifying the methods and leadership styles used by the Ministry of Youth directors and their impact on the functionality of the staff of its directorates. 100 questionnaires had been distributed on the employees of the Ministry center, 89 of them were valid for analyzing.  The study shows that the Benevolent Authoritative leadership style comes first, then the Exploitive Authoritative, followed by the Consultative leadership style, and then the Participative leadership style ranks last. The study also shows that the prevalent management style in the Ministry of Youth in Jordan is a Benevolent Authoritative leadership style. Depending on the answers of the sample, the study shows a high level of functionality of the staff in the Ministry of Youth in Jordan. The study also shows statistically significant relationship at the level of significance (α ≤0.05) between the independent variable, that is each of the leadership patterns on the dependent variable which is the performance in the Ministry of Youth in Jordan.  The study recommends several recommendations, including: giving employees the authority to take some of the non-critical daily decisions, improving the communication channels between the manager and his employees, through regular meetings for example. Focusing on the motivating factors and trying to take advantage of the private sector expertise and success in the field of management. Finally, the confirmation to place the right person in the right place for supervisory positions as heads of departments because of its potential impact on job performance and recommended by the study, another recommendation is to repeat the same study but from the manager’s point of view, while this study is from the employees point of view.


2010 ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Wanda Jarząbek

The impact of the 1968 events on the FRG’s Ostpolitik and its reception in Poland may be considered in the short and the long term. What the article takes into consideration are the short-term effects of this political approach, observed in the years 1968–1969.Writing about the events of 1968, the author dwells on March 1968 in Poland, or more precisely, on those of its aspects which were related to the formation and implementation of the state’s policy, namely, the turbulence in ruling circles, the replacing of the people who occupied the high-ranking posts and the staffing changes in Poland’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Nevertheless, from the point of view of the creators of Germany’s Eastern politics, what was fundamental was the intervention of the Warsaw Treaty armies in Czechoslovakia. The rebellion among the youth was of lesser importance to the current politics at the time. Its consequences were felt mostly in the succeeding years and were related, i.a., to public opinion in the FRG and its attitude toward the forms and extent of normalising relations with the countries of East Europe, including Poland.After 1968, in the case of the FRG, the mode of implementation of its Eastern politics was modified. It was concluded that it is the Soviet Union which must be the main partner in any talks (though it was the most important interlocutor anyway, albeit attempts were also made to hold autonomous talks with the satellite countries) and that attention must be paid to avoiding the impression that for Bonn, Ostpolitik is just an instrument to help loosen intra-block dependencies.For Poland, the events of 1968 implied a reduced field of manoeuvre, not so much because not only in Bonn, but also in other Western capitals, it was formally acknowledged that the priority lies with Moscow, but also because of diplomatic practice. Warsaw did not, however, intend to give up the right to pursue its interests, tangible evidence of which was provided by the diplomatic activity of 1969, manifest both by a turn in its policy toward Germany, and by undertaking efforts to sell its own vision of the European Conference. 


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