Characterization of Epigallocatechin-Gallate-Grafted Chitosan Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential

Nanoparticles based on chitosan modified with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were synthetized by nanoprecipitation (EGCG-g-chitosan-P). Chitosan was modified by free-radical-induced grafting, which was verified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Furthermore, the morphology, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of the nanoparticles were investigated. The grafting degree of EGCG, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of EGCG-g-chitosan-P were evaluated and compared with those of pure EGCG and chitosan nanoparticles (Chitosan-P). FTIR results confirmed the modification of the chitosan with EGCG. The EGCG-g-chitosan-P showed spherical shapes and smoother surfaces than those of Chitosan-P. EGCG content of the grafted chitosan nanoparticles was 330 μg/g. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EGCG-g-chitosan-P (15.6 μg/mL) was lower than Chitosan-P (31.2 μg/mL) and EGCG (500 μg/mL) against Pseudomonas fluorescens (p < 0.05). Additionally, EGCG-g-chitosan-P and Chitosan-P presented higher Staphylococcus aureus growth inhibition (100%) than EGCG at the lowest concentration tested. The nanoparticles produced an increase of ROS (p < 0.05) in both bacterial species assayed. Furthermore, EGCG-g-chitosan-P exhibited higher antioxidant activity than that of Chitosan-P (p < 0.05) in 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. Based on the above results, EGCG-g-chitosan-P shows the potential for food packaging and biomedical applications.

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Nutricosmetic effects of Asparagus officinalis: a potent matrix metalloproteinase-1 inhibitor

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88340-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Suwannee Sriyab ◽

Nachtharinee Laosirisathian ◽

Chanun Punyoyai ◽

Songyot Anuchapreeda ◽

Singkome Tima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Enzyme Reaction ◽

Asparagus Officinalis ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the nutricosmetic effect of Asparagus officinalis extracts. The tip and spear of A. officinalis were successively extracted with 95% ethanol. The rutin, phenolic, and flavonoid contents of A. officinalis extracts were investigated. The antioxidant activities were determined by 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and a ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibition were determined by in vitro enzyme reaction assay. The cytotoxicity was analyzed on peripheral blood mononuclear cellss. Findings revealed that drying temperature and drying duration had significant effects on the chemical composition and biological activity of A. officinalis extract. A. officinalis tips dried at 50 °C for 24 h contained the (significantly) highest flavonoid and rutin content. The most potent extract was from A. officinalis spears since it possessed the (significantly) highest MMP-1, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibition rates of 83.4 ± 1.5%, 70.4 ± 4.1%, and 75.2 ± 1.0%, respectively. Interestingly, at the same concentration, the A. officinalis spear extract was more potent in MMP-1 inhibition than oleanolic acid and epigallocatechin gallate, the well-known natural MMP-1 inhibitors. The results show that A. officinalis extract is an attractive source of natural anti-skin-wrinkle ingredients.

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Separation and Characterization of Phenolamines and Flavonoids from Rape Bee Pollen, and Comparison of Their Antioxidant Activities and Protective Effects Against Oxidative Stress

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25061264 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 1264 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Huifang Zhang ◽

Rui Liu ◽

Qun Lu

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Bee Pollen ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Kaempferol Glycosides

Phenolamines and flavonoids are two important components in bee pollen. There are many reports on the bioactivity of flavonoids in bee pollen, but few on phenolamines. This study aims to separate and characterize the flavonoids and phenolamines from rape bee pollen, and compare their antioxidant activities and protective effects against oxidative stress. The rape bee pollen was separated to obtain 35% and 50% fractions, which were characterized by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The results showed that the compounds in 35% fraction were quercetin and kaempferol glycosides, while the compounds in 50% fraction were phenolamines, including di-p-coumaroyl spermidine, p-coumaroyl caffeoyl hydroxyferuloyl spermine, di-p-coumaroyl hydroxyferuloyl spermine, and tri-p-coumaroyl spermidine. The antioxidant activities of phenolamines and flavonoids were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. It was found that the antioxidant activity of phenolamines was significantly higher than that of flavonoids. Moreover, phenolamines showed better protective effects than flavonoids on HepG2 cells injured by AAPH. Furthermore, phenolamines could significantly reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. This study lays a foundation for the further understanding of phenolamines in rape bee pollen.

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Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activities of 30 Tea Infusions from Green, Black, Oolong, White, Yellow and Dark Teas

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8070215 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 215 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Cai-Ning Zhao ◽

Guo-Yi Tang ◽

Shi-Yu Cao ◽

Xiao-Yu Xu ◽

Ren-You Gan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Tea Infusions ◽

Phenolic Profiles ◽

Trolox Equivalent ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

Tea is among the most consumed drink worldwide, and its strong antioxidant activity is considered as the main contributor to several health benefits, such as cardiovascular protection and anticancer effect. In this study, the antioxidant activities of 30 tea infusions, which were obtained by the mimic of drinking tea of the public, from green, black, oolong, white, yellow and dark teas, were evaluated using ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays, ranging from 504.80 ± 17.44 to 4647.47 ± 57.87 µmol Fe2+/g dry weight (DW) and 166.29 ± 24.48 to 2532.41 ± 50.18 µmol Trolox/g DW, respectively. Moreover, their total phenolic contents (TPC) were detected by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and were in the range of 24.77 ± 2.02 to 252.65 ± 4.74 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW. Generally, Dianqing Tea, Lushan Yunwu Tea, and Xihu Longjing Tea showed the strongest antioxidant activities among 30 teas. Furthermore, the phenolic compounds in tea infusions were identified and quantified, with catechins most commonly detected, especially in green tea infusions, which were main contributors to their antioxidant activities. Besides tea polyphenols, considerable content of caffeine also presented in 30 tea infusions.

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FRACTIONATION OF THE N-HEXANE EXTRACT OF GARCINIA BANCANA MIQ. (MANGGIS HUTAN) LEAVES AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY BASED ON 1,1-DIPHENYL-2- PICRYLHYDRAZYL AND FERRIC REDUCING ANTIOXIDANT POWER ASSAYS

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.90 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 407

Author(s):

Dewi Kumala Putri ◽

Berna Elya ◽

Nuraini Puspitasari

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Active Fraction ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

Objective: To assess the antioxidant activity from another part of the plant, in this study, leaf extracts in n-hexane were fractionated.Methods: Ten fractions were obtained and tested in vitro for antioxidant activity using two methods, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferricreducing antioxidant power (FRAP), to identify the most active fraction.Results: The IC50 of the most active fraction was 36.24 μg/mL using the DPPH method, and the EC50 was 39.54 μg/mL using the FRAP method. Themost active fraction was also shown to contain terpenoids.Conclusion: The most active fraction of an n-hexane extract of the leaves of Gacinia bancana Miq., which was tested by both DPPH and FRAP methodshad antioxidant activities with IC50 and EC50 values of 36.2482 μg/mL and 39.5442 μg/mL, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed that activefraction contains terpenoids.

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Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Procyanidin Capped Silver Nanoparticles

Journal of Functional Biomaterials ◽

10.3390/jfb11030066 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

Umar M. Badeggi ◽

Jelili A. Badmus ◽

Subelia S. Botha ◽

Enas Ismail ◽

Jeanine L. Marnewick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bactericidal Effect ◽

Total Extract ◽

Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Inhibitory Activities

In this study, procyanidin dimers and Leucosidea sericea total extract (LSTE) were employed in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Visible) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. AgNPs of about 2–7 nm were obtained. DLS and stability evaluations confirmed that the AgNPs/procyanidins conjugates were stable. The formed nanoparticles exhibited good inhibitory activities against the two enzymes studied. The IC50 values against the amylase enzyme were 14.92 ± 1.0, 13.24 ± 0.2, and 19.13 ± 0.8 µg/mL for AgNPs coordinated with LSTE, F1, and F2, respectively. The corresponding values for the glucosidase enzyme were 21.48 ± 0.9, 18.76 ± 1.0, and 8.75 ± 0.7 µg/mL. The antioxidant activities were comparable to those of the intact fractions. The AgNPs also demonstrated bacterial inhibitory activities against six bacterial species. While the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of F1-AgNPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were 31.25 and 15.63 µg/mL respectively, those of LSTE-AgNPs and F2-AgNPs against these organisms were both 62.50 µg/mL. The F1-AgNPs demonstrated a better bactericidal effect and may be useful in food packaging. This research also showed the involvement of the procyanidins as reducing and capping agents in the formation of stable AgNPs with potential biological applications.

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Bioactive Phenolic Metabolites from Adriatic Brown Algae Dictyota dichotoma and Padina pavonica (Dictyotaceae)

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1187

Author(s):

Ivana Generalić Mekinić ◽

Vida Šimat ◽

Viktorija Botić ◽

Anita Crnjac ◽

Marina Smoljo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Phenolics ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Principal Component ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Dictyota Dichotoma ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Sample Data ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

The Individual

In this study, the influences of temperature (20, 40 and 60 °C) and extraction solvents (water, ethanol) on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolics from the Adriatic macroalgae Dictyota dichotoma and Padina pavonica were studied. The extracts were analysed for major phenolic sub-groups (total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins) using spectrometric methods, while the individual phenolics were detected by HPLC. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using three methods: Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power (FRAP), scavenging of the stabile 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity (ORAC). The aim of the study was also to find the connection between the chemical composition of the extracts and their biological activity. Therefore, principal component analysis (PCA), which permits simple representation of different sample data and better visualisation of their correlations, was used. Higher extraction yields of the total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins were obtained using an alcoholic solvent, while a general conclusion about the applied temperature was not established. These extracts also showed good antioxidant activity, especially D. dichotoma extracts, with high reducing capacity (690–792 mM TE) and ORAC values (38.7–40.8 mM TE in 400-fold diluted extracts). The PCA pointed out the significant influence of flavonoids and tannins on the investigated properties. The results of this investigation could be interesting for future studies dealing with the application of these two algae in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

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Comparative Study on Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of an Epiphyte, Viscum album L. (White Berry Mistletoe), Derived from Different Host Trees

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061191 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1191

Author(s):

Mahak Majeed ◽

Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah ◽

Manzoor Ahmad Mir ◽

Khalid Rehman Hakeem ◽

Hesham F. Alharby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Viscum Album ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

The study aimed at evaluating the antioxidant profile of a medicinal epiphyte Viscum album L. harvested from three tree species, namely, Populus ciliata L, Ulmus villosa L., and Juglans regia L. The crude extracts were obtained with ethanol, methanol, and water and were evaluated for the total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities using total reducing power (TRP), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1, 1-diphenyl 1-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radical scavenging (SOR), and hydroxyl radical scavenging (•OH) assays. Our results showed that crude leaf extracts of plants harvested from the host Juglans regia L. exhibited higher yields of phytochemical constituents and noticeable antioxidative properties. The ethanolic leaf samples reported the highest phenols (13.46 ± 0.87 mg/g), flavonoids (2.38 ± 0.04 mg/g), FRAP (500.63 ± 12.58 μM Fe II/g DW), and DPPH (87.26% ± 0.30 mg/mL). Moreover, the highest values for TRP (4.24 ± 0.26 μg/mL), SOR (89.79% ± 0.73 mg/mL), and OH (67.16% ± 1.15 mg/mL) were obtained from aqueous leaf extracts. Further, Pearson correlation was used for quantifying the relationship between TPC, TFC, and antioxidant (FRAP, DPPH, SOR, OH) activities in Viscum album L. compared to their hosts. It was revealed that the epiphyte showed variation with the type of host plant and extracting solvent.

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UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and GC-MS Characterization of Phytochemicals in Vegetable Juice Fermented Using Lactic Acid Bacteria from Kimchi and Their Antioxidant Potential

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10111761 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1761

Author(s):

Moeun Lee ◽

Jung Hee Song ◽

Eun Ji Choi ◽

Ye-Rang Yun ◽

Ki Won Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phenyllactic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Vegetable Juice ◽

Daucus Carota L ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

This study aims to investigate fermentative metabolites in probiotic vegetable juice from four crop varieties (Brassica oleracea var. capitata, B. oleracea var. italica, Daucus carota L., and Beta vulgaris) and their antioxidant properties. Vegetable juice was inoculated with two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Companilactobacillus allii WiKim39 and Lactococcus lactis WiKim0124) isolated from kimchi and their properties were evaluated using untargeted UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and GC-MS. The samples were also evaluated for radical (DPPH• and OH•) scavenging activities, lipid peroxidation, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. The fermented vegetable juices exhibited high antioxidant activities and increased amounts of total phenolic compounds. Fifteen compounds and thirty-two volatiles were identified using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and GC-MS, respectively. LAB fermentation significantly increased the contents of d-leucic acid, indole-3-lactic acid, 3-phenyllactic acid, pyroglutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, and gluconic acid. These six metabolites showed a positive correlation with antioxidant properties. Thus, vegetable juices fermented with WiKim39 and WiKim0124 can be considered as novel bioactive health-promoting sources.

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Cost-Effective Fabrication, Antibacterial Application and Cell Viability Studies of Modified Nonwoven Cotton Fabric

10.21203/rs.3.rs-160131/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rahat Nawaz ◽

Sayed Tayyab Raza Naqvi ◽

Batool Fatima ◽

Nazia Zulfiqar ◽

Muhammad Umer Farooq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cotton Fabric ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Active Sites ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Low Cost ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Toxicity Assay

Abstract Nonwoven cotton fabric has been fabricated and designed for antibacterial applications using low cost and ecofriendly precursors. The treatment of fabric with alkali leads to formation of active sites. The surfaces were dip coated with silver nanaoparticles and chitosan. The surface was chlorinated in next step to transform amide (N-H) groups in chitosan into N-halamine (N-Cl). The modified and unmodified surfaces of the nonwoven cotton fabric have been characterized by FTIR, SEM, and XRD. The active chlorine loading is measured with iodine/ sodium thiosulphate. The antimicrobial activity and cell toxicity assay were carried out with and without modifications of nonwoven cotton fabric. The antimicrobial efficacies of loaded fabric were evaluated against four bacterial species (Micrococcus lutes, Staphylococcus aurea, Enterobacter aerogenes, and E.coli). It was found that modified fabric exhibited superior efficiency against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains as compared to their bulk counterparts upon exposure without destroying and affecting fabric nature. The overall process is economical for commercial purposes. The modified fabric can be used for antimicrobial, health, and food packaging industries, and in other biomedical applications.

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Antioxidant Activities and Volatile Flavor Components of Selected Single-Origin and Blend Chocolates

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25163648 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (16) ◽

pp. 3648

Author(s):

Lucia Godočiková ◽

Eva Ivanišová ◽

Grzegorz Zaguła ◽

Luis Noguera-Artiaga ◽

Ángel A. Carbonell-Barrachina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Total Content ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

High Positive Correlation ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Single Origin ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

The biological activity of chocolates gains more and more attention of consumers. Its antioxidant properties depend, among other factors, mainly on the origin of cocoa and the characteristics that this origin gives to the final product. Therefore, the aim of the study was to measure and compare the total content of polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and key odorants of commercial chocolates made from blend cocoa with single-origin ones. The highest content of polyphenols was found in 90% blend cocoa chocolate and single-origin samples, while the lowest content was exhibited by 100% chocolate from blend cocoa mass. The highest antioxidant activity measured by 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays was observed in the sample of chocolate with 90% cocoa solids from blend mass, followed by single-origin chocolates. A high positive correlation between ABTS assay and the total polyphenol and phenolic acids’ content, as well as among the total content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids was found. Mineral composition analysis showed that dark chocolate is a valuable source of some elements, especially Mg, Fe, and Zn. Potentially toxic elements were not detected or below permitted limits. Moreover, it was noticed that the main volatile compound in all tested samples was acetic acid, but pyrazines were considered the most important group of chocolate odorants.

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