scholarly journals Lifting the Sustainability of Modified Pet-Based Multilayer Packaging Material with Enhanced Mechanical Recycling Potential and Processing

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Lynn Trossaert ◽  
Matthias De Vel ◽  
Ludwig Cardon ◽  
Mariya Edeleva
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Recycling Potential ◽  
The One

Sustainability and recyclability are among the main driving forces in the plastics industry, since the pressure on crude oil resources and the environment is increasing. The aim of this research is to develop a sustainable thermoformable multilayer food packaging, based on co-polyesters, which is suitable for hot-fill applications and allows for recycling in a conventional waste stream. As a polymer material for the outer layer, we selected a modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETM), which is an amorphous co-polyester with a high glass transition temperature (±105 °C) and thus high thermal stability and transparency. The inner layer consists of 1,4-cyclohexylene dimethanol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETg), which is allowed to be recycled in a PET stream. Multilayers with a total thickness of 1 mm and a layer thickness distribution of 10/80/10 have been produced. To test the recyclability, sheets which contained 20% and 50% regrind of the initial multilayer in their middle PETg layer have been produced as well. The sheet produced from virgin pellets and the one containing 20% regrind in the middle layer showed no visible haze. This was not the case for the one containing 50% regrind in the middle layer, which was confirmed by haze measurements. The hot-fill test results showed no shrinkage or warpage for the multilayer trays for all temperatures applied, namely 95, 85, 75 and 65 °C. This is a remarkable improvement compared to pure PETg trays, which show a visible deformation after exposure to hot-fill conditions of 95 °C and 85 °C.

EVALUASI ANR PADA TRANSMISI DATA NETWORK TERHADAP WP-REST API DALAM APLIKASI ANDROID

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Riyadi
Keyword(s):  
Large Data ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Android Application ◽  
Retrieval Process ◽  
Request Queue ◽  
Plant Data ◽  
Android Development ◽  
Rest Api ◽  
The One

The One of many way to connect to the database through the android application is using volleyball and RESTAPI. By using RestAPI, the android application does not directly connect to the database but there is an intermediary in the form of an API. In android development, Android-volley has the disadvantage of making requests from large and large data, so an evaluation is needed to test the capabilities of the Android volley. This research was conducted to test android-volley to retrieve data through RESTAPI presented in the form of an application to retrieve medicinal plant data. From the test results can be used by volley an error occurs when the back button is pressed, in this case another process is carried out if the previous volley has not been loaded. This error occurred on several android versions such as lollipops and marshmallows also on some brands of devices. So that in using android-volley developer need to check the request queue process that is carried out by the user, if the data retrieval process by volley has not been completed, it is necessary to stop the process to download data using volley so that there is no Android Not Responding (ANR) error.Keywords: Android, Volley, WP REST API, ANR Error

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Field Performances of Pressure-Grouted Micropiles Using Gravity and Packers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6736
Author(s):  
Ong Heo ◽  
Yeowon Yoon ◽  
Jinung Do
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Underground Space ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Deep Foundation ◽  
Installation Depth ◽  
Pressure Grouting ◽  
The One

When underground space requires excavation in areas below the water table, the foundation system suffers from buoyancy, which leads to the uplifting of the superstructure. A deep foundation system can be used; however, in cases where a hard layer is encountered, high driving forces and corresponding noises cause civil complaints in urban areas. Micropiles can be an effective alternative option, due to their high performance despite a short installation depth. Pressurized grouting is used with a packer to induce higher interfacial properties between micropile and soil. In this study, the field performance of micropiles installed using gravitational grouting or pressure-grouted using either a geotextile packer or rubber packer was comparatively evaluated by tension and creep tests. Micropiles were installed using pressure grouting in weak and fractured zones. As results, the pressure-grouted micropiles showed more stable and stronger behaviors than ones installed using the gravitational grouting. Moreover, the pressure-grouted micropile installed using the rubber packer showed better performance than the one using the geotextile packer.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effects of additives on the properties of starch-based bioplastic film

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbenga O. Oluwasina ◽  
Bolaji P. Akinyele ◽  
Sunday J. Olusegun ◽  
Olayinka O. Oluwasina ◽  
Nelcy D. S. Mohallem
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Root Mean Square Roughness ◽  
Starch Solution ◽  
Dialdehyde Starch ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Silica Solution ◽  
The One ◽  
Bioplastic Film

AbstractThe adverse environmental effects of petroleum-based packaging plastics have necessitated the need for eco-friendly bioplastics. Most bioplastics are starch-based and are not without drawbacks, hence there is the need for their properties to be improved. In this study, the effect of varying concentrations of dialdehyde starch and silica solutions on the physical, mechanical, biodegradable, surface topology, and thermal properties of the bioplastic films was examined. The additive concentrations were varied from 60 to 100%. The bioplastic films produced with dialdehyde starch solution recorded better moisture content (6.62–11.85%), bioplastic film solubility (4.23–7.90%), and tensile strength (1.63–3.06 MPa), against (11.24–14.26%), (7.77–19.27%) and (0.53–0.73 MPa) respectively for bioplastic films produced with silica solution. The atomic force microscopy analysis; root-mean-square roughness, kurtosis, and skewness revealed better miscibility and compatibility between the starch matrix and the dialdehyde solution than between the starch matrix and the silica solution. Bioplastic with added dialdehyde starch solution has better tensile strength and long biodegradability than that with silica solution. The research has demonstrated that bioplastic film produced with starch and dialdehyde starch solution has better properties than the one produced with starch and silica solution. The properties evaluation results of the bioplastic films thus demonstrated their aptness for food packaging applications. Graphic abstract

Use of Image Analysis for Non-Destructive Testing of Thermoformed Food Packages

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-607
Author(s):  
O. Ekşi
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Food Packages ◽  
Food Package ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
First Time ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the thickness distribution of a food package using a non-destructive method. Initially, thickness measurements were carried out using an experimental procedure for thermoformed samples that were used for food packaging. Additionally, in this study, image analysis was used for the first time to determine the thickness distribution of the thermoformed products non-destructively. Image analysis software was employed for the estimation of thickness distribution. Measured thickness results were compared to those estimated using image analysis. Based on the results of the current study, image analysis may be an alternative method for non-destructive testing of thermoformed food packages even in a mass production line. Image analysis can be used to determine not only thickness distribution but also the weakest regions in a food package.

scholarly journals Current Advances in the Biodegradation and Bioconversion of Polyethylene Terephthalate

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Xinhua Qi ◽  
Wenlong Yan ◽  
Zhibei Cao ◽  
Mingzhu Ding ◽  
Yingjin Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
One Step ◽  
Complex Polymers ◽  
The One

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely used plastic that is polymerized by terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG). In recent years, PET biodegradation and bioconversion have become important in solving environmental plastic pollution. More and more PET hydrolases have been discovered and modified, which mainly act on and degrade the ester bond of PET. The monomers, TPA and EG, can be further utilized by microorganisms, entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) or being converted into high value chemicals, and finally realizing the biodegradation and bioconversion of PET. Based on synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies, this review summarizes the current advances in the modified PET hydrolases, engineered microbial chassis in degrading PET, bioconversion pathways of PET monomers, and artificial microbial consortia in PET biodegradation and bioconversion. Artificial microbial consortium provides novel ideas for the biodegradation and bioconversion of PET or other complex polymers. It is helpful to realize the one-step bioconversion of PET into high value chemicals.

scholarly journals STUDY ON FIBER FURNISHES AND FIBER MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COMMONLY USED INDIAN FOOD PACKAGING PAPERS AND PAPERBOARDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
SWATI SOOD ◽  
CHHAYA SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Food Packages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fiber Components ◽  
Indian Food ◽  
Dry Fruit

Maintaining the quality of their final paper-based food packaging products at a high and constant level is a key issue for food packaging manufacturers to meet the customer demands. In the present study, in order to analyze the present status of quality of paper-based food packages in India, the fiber furnishes of different common paper- and paperboard-based food packages were studied by the Graff “C” staining test and their fiber morphological properties – by MorFi analysis. The staining test results showed that all the samples contained fiber furnish made either by the chemical or by the mechanical pulping process. Tea bags, dry fruit boxes and egg trays were made of 4 different fiber components, while sugar sachets and juice boxes contained 3 fiber components. It was also observed that all the samples contained hardwood and softwood chemical fibers. MorFi analysis determined the morphological properties of the fibers, including the mean fiber length and width, coarseness, kink angle, kinked fibers %, curl % and fines elements % in total analyzed fibers. The results thus obtained confirmed that both these techniques are very reliable and feasible tools to study the quality of paper-based food packages.

scholarly journals Performance Variance  Evaluation on  Mozilla Firefox

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jan Larres
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Technique ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Software Performance ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Reliable Detection ◽  
Mozilla Firefox ◽  
The One ◽  
Test Result

<p>In order to evaluate software performance and find regressions, many developers use automated performance tests. However, the test results often contain a certain amount of noise that is not caused by actual performance changes in the programs. They are instead caused by external factors like operating system decisions or unexpected non-determinisms inside the programs. This makes interpreting the test results hard since results that differ from previous results cannot easily be attributed to either genuine changes or noise. In this thesis we use Mozilla Firefox as an example to try to find the causes for this performance variance, develop ways to reduce the noise and present a statistical technique that makes identifying genuine performance changes more reliable. Our results show that a significant amount of noise is caused by memory randomization and other external factors, that there is variance in Firefox internals that does not seem to be correlated with test result variance, and that our suggested statistical forecasting technique can give more reliable detection of genuine performance changes than the one currently in use by Mozilla.</p>

scholarly journals PENGARUH LATIHAN SMALL SIDE GAME TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PASSING SISWA SMP PLUS NURUL HUDA DALAM EKSTRAKURIKULER SEPAK BOLA TAHUN AJARAN 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Lukmanul Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The One ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Small Side

Abstrak: Ketepatan umpan (passing) merupakan salah satu hal yang sangat penting dalam permainan sepak bola. Banyak metode ataupun cara yang bisa dilakukan untuk melatih dan mengasah kemampuan seseorang untuk meningkatkan kualitas passing pada pemain sepak bola. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan small side game terhadap keterampilan passing siswa SMP Plus Nurul Huda dalam ekstrakurikuler sepak bola tahun ajaran 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan desain One-Group Pretest-posttest Design.Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa ekstrakurikuler sepak bola.Sampel yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling, dengan syarat bahwa subjek yang digunakan adalah siswa SMP Plus Nurul Huda kelas VII dan VIII yang mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 16 orang.Hasil penelitian menunjukan pada nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh ketika melakukan tes awal adalah 17,38 dengan simpangan baku 1,82. Sedangkan untuk nilai tes akhir adalah rata-rata 25,94 dengan simpangan baku 1,87. Hasil uji-t memperoleh nilai t-hitung > t-tabel(20,990 > 2,13), maka Ho di tolak dan Ha diterima. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh latihan small side game terhadap keterampilan passing siswa SMP Plus Nurul Huda dalam ekstrakurikuler sepak bola tahun ajaran 2020. Kata kunci :small side game, passing   Abstract: The accuracy of the pass (passing) is one of the most important things in soccer. There are many methods or ways that can be done to train and hone one's skills to improve the quality of passing on soccer players. This study aims to determine the effect of small side game training on the passing skills of SMP Plus Nurul Huda students in soccer extracurricular activities for the 2020 academic year.This research is an experimental study using the One-Group Pretest-posttest Design. The population in this study were soccer extracurricular students. The sample used was purposive sampling, with the condition that the subjects used were students of SMP Plus Nurul Huda class VII and VIII who participated in extracurricular activities. The number of samples in this study amounted to 16 people.The results showed that the average value obtained when conducting the initial test was 17.38 with a standard deviation of 1.82. As for the final test score is an average of 25.94 with a standard deviation of 1.87. The t-test results obtained the value of t-count> t-table (20.990> 2.13), then Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. Thus it can be concluded that there is an effect of small side game training on the passing skills of SMP Plus Nurul Huda students in the football extracurricular activities for the 2020 academic year. Key words: small side game, passing

scholarly journals Gross anatomy of the narial and labial musculatures of one humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Z. Adam ◽  
A. Awaad ◽  
M. Tawfiek ◽  
A. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Deep Layer ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Nerve Supply ◽  
Levator Labii Superioris ◽  
The One

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to clarify the anatomy of the narial and labial musculatures of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) and their nerve supply. Materials and Methods: Sixteen head specimens from adult and symptomatically healthy camels of both sexes were used. The muscles of the nostrils and lips were carefully dissected and illustrated to demonstrate their origin, insertion and relations. The nerves in this area were also dissected to show their branches and distribution. Results: The dissection of these regions revealed that their muscles were arranged in three layers; the superficial layer included M. dilator naris apicalis, M. dilator naris medialis and M. levator nasolabialis, the middle layer was formed of maxillo-labial group of muscles (M. levator labii superioris, M. dilator naris lateralis and M. depressor labii superioris) and the deep layer was formed by M. lateralis nasi. Moreover, the lips had M. orbicularis oris, M. incisivus superioris, M. incisivus inferioris and M. mentalis, however, the M. depressor labii inferioris was absent in the animal under investigation. The muscles of nostrils and lips were innervated by N. trigeminus (V) and N. facialis (VII). Conclusion: The arrangement of the narial and labial muscles is unique and may relate to its living conditions of frequent sand-storms and direct sun rays, where the camel is the only domesticated animal known for its ability to close its nostril.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document