scholarly journals Fractionating of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil by Vacuum Fractional Distillation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Dinh Nhat Do ◽  
Dinh Phuc Nguyen ◽  
Viet-Duc Phung ◽  
Xuan-Tien Le ◽  
Tuan Minh Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Column Height ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Distillation System ◽  
Lemongrass Essential Oil

Lemongrass essential oil has many compounds appropriate for application in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. Of these, citral is a high-value compound of interest to industry. This work aims to evaluate the use of vacuum fractional distillation to separate lemongrass essential oil compounds, producing essential oil fractions containing high citral content. The effect of process parameters, namely vacuum pressure, type column, and energy input, on the fractionation time, content, and recovery of citral in the fractions, was investigated. The fractionation of lemongrass oils successfully provided five fractions, i.e., fraction 1 (F1), fraction 2 (F2), fraction 3 (F3), fraction 4 (F4), and fraction 5 (F5). GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) spectra showed that the main compound contained in F1 and F2 fractions was β-myrcene (>70%). Meanwhile, F4 and F5 were the two main fractions for citral recovery. The optimal conditions of the fractional distillation system included a column height of 400 mm, power input of 165 W, and pressure of 15 mmHg. These conditions correspond to the highest total citral content of 95%, with a recovery of 80% at the F4 and F5 fractions. Therefore, fractional vacuum distillation may be an effective method to upgrade lemongrass essential oil.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Detection of bioactive compounds in essential oil from lemongrass cultivated in Ngantang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Sri Hartatie ◽  
INDAH PRIHARTINI ◽  
WAHYU WIDODO ◽  
AHMAD WAHYUDI
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
The People ◽  
Poaceae Family ◽  
Lemongrass Essential Oil

Abstract. Hartatie ES, Prihartini I, Widodo W, Wahyudi A. 2020. Short Communication: Detection of bioactive compounds in essential oil from lemongrass cultivated in Ngantang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2821-2825. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) commonly known as West Indian lemongrass is a member of the Poaceae family and belongs to genus Cymbopogon. It is one of the plants commonly used in fresh form as a spice by the people in Indonesia and widely planted in the yard of the house. Lemongrass contains several bioactive compounds and it might be extracted to obtain essential oils useful for many applications such as flavor and fragrance ingredients, perfumery, cosmetics, food preservation, pharmaceutical. The chemical composition of essentials oil can be variable, according to the genetic diversity, habitat, weather, and cultural treatment. The aim of study was to investigate the bioactive compounds in essential oil from lemongrass stalk and lemongrass leaves which cultivated in Ngantang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Detection of bioactive compounds was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of study are the main compound in lemongrass essential oil was citral. There is a difference between the citral content of essential oils from lemongrass stalk compared to essential oils from lemongrass leaves, both in quantity and components. The citral (geranial and neral) content of essential oil made from stalk was higher than made from leaves, but the amount of bioactive compounds of essential oils from leaves more than from the stalk.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACT OF THE AROMATIC PLANT CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Umadevi. D ◽  
K.U.M.A Rafeeq
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Oil Extract

Cymbopogon citratus, widely known as lemongrass is used as folk medicine for several disease conditions. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the essential oil extract of C. citratus revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds like alkaloids, avonoids, saponins, tannins and phenolic compounds in the aqueous extracts. Essential oil was extracted from C. citratus leaves and its chemical constituents were identied by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).

scholarly journals Effect of the Chemical Composition of Free-Terpene Hydrocarbons Essential Oils on Antifungal Activity

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3532
Author(s):  
Ben Salha ◽  
Herrera Díaz ◽  
Lengliz ◽  
Abderrabba ◽  
Labidi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds ◽  
Food Spoilage Fungi

In this study, Carum carvi L. essential oil (CEO) and Origanum majorana L. essential oil (MEO) was steam-distillated under reduced pressure. We henceforth obtained three fractions for each essential oil: CF1, CF2, CF3, MF1, MF2, and MF3. Then, these fractions were characterized using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The results indicated that some fractions were rich in oxygenated compounds (i.e., CF2, CF3, MF2, and MF3) with concentrations ranging from 79.21% to 98.56%. Therefore, the influence of the chemical composition of the essential oils on their antifungal activity was studied. For this purpose, three food spoilage fungi were isolated, identified, and inoculated in vitro, in order to measure the antifungal activity of CEO, MEO, and their fractions. The results showed that stronger fungi growth inhibitions (FGI) (above 95%) were found in fractions with higher percentages of oxygenated compounds, especially with (−)-carvone and terpin-4-ol as the major components. Firstly, this work reveals that the free-terpenes hydrocarbons fractions obtained from MEO present higher antifungal activity than the raw essential oil against two families of fungi. Then, it suggests that the isolation of (−)-carvone (97.15 ± 5.97%) from CEO via vacuum distillation can be employed successfully to improve antifungal activity by killing fungi (FGI = 100%). This study highlights that separation under reduced pressure is a simple green method to obtain fractions or to isolate compounds with higher biological activity useful for pharmaceutical products or natural additives in formulations.

scholarly journals Microencapsulation of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil Via Spray Drying: Effects of Feed Emulsion Parameters

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phu Thuong Nhan ◽  
Vo Tan Thanh ◽  
Mai Huynh Cang ◽  
Tri Duc Lam ◽  
Nguyen Cam Huong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Encapsulation Process ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Lemongrass Essential Oil

The purpose of this study was to attempt the encapsulation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil utilizing spray drying technique. An array of process parameters including concentration of wall (15–30%), type of wall materials (maltodextrin, maltodextrin and gum Arabic mixture), and concentration of essential oil (0.5–2.0%) were thoroughly investigated. The results show that the use of sole maltodextrin as encapsulant gave microcapsules characteristics comparable to that of powder produced using maltodextrin and gum Arabic mixture. The encapsulation process that was performed with maltodextrin at the concentration of 30% as wall material and lemongrass essential oil at the concentration of 1.5% as core material showed highest drying yield (84.49%), microencapsulation yield (89.31%) and microencapsulation efficiency (84.75%). Encapsulated essential oils retained most of their major constituents in comparison with the bare essential oils without any significant compromise in product quality.

scholarly journals Analysis of the essential oil from Lantana camara leaves and its cytotoxic potential against T-47D breast cancer cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Suryati Suryati ◽  
Enda Desriansyah Aziz ◽  
Mai Efdi ◽  
Fatma Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Dira Hefni
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Main Compound

Lantana camara Linn is a family of Verbenaceae which grows wild and is widespread in various both tropical and sub-tropical countries. Isolation essential oil of the L. camara leaves extracted by hydrodistillation and were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of GC-MS analysis show isocaryophyllene (14.39%), ρ-cymene (8.17 %), β-cubebene (7.8 %), α-pinene (7.64 %), and β-elemene (5.51 %) as the main compound. The cytotoxic activity of the isolated essential oil was highly toxic both to Artemia salina shrimp larvae (LC50 15.92 µg/mL) and to breast cancer cells T-47D (IC50 10.67 µM).

scholarly journals Essential Oil of Cymbopogon Citratus Grown in Umuahia: A Viable Candidate for Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Uchechi Bliss Onyedikachi ◽  
Favour Matthew Awah ◽  
Charles Nnanna Chukwu ◽  
Emmanuel Ejiofor
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract The essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (EOCC) has found use in medicine, food and chemical industry. This study attempts to provide evidence of its suitability for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy. Total phenol and total flavonoid of EOCC was 49.83±0.39mg GAE/g of extract and 352.82±3.45 µg QEC/g of extract respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of its essential oil (EOCC) showed 25 peaks with myrcenyl acetate (9.703%), caryophyllene (8.997%), citronella (6.383%) been the most abundant. The in vitro anti-inflammatory assay using human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization shows that at 200µg/mL, the percentage inhibition of EOCC was significantly higher compared to diclofenac both for heat-induced and hypotonic induced haemolysis. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays showed a comparable and dose-dependent increase from 50 to 400 μg/mL in relation to vitamin C. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of EOCC (73.16±12.89 μg/mL and 656.01±0.01 μmol Fe (II)/L) was remarkably higher compared to that of vitamin C (69.09±4.52 μg/mL and 246.79±0.01 μmol Fe (II)/L) both for DPPH and FRAP assays respectively. In conclusion, results from this study establish preliminary evidence on the therapeutic potential of EOCC in managing inflammation and oxidative stress caused by free radicals.

Preparation and Characterization of Naturally Scented Candles Using the Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Hoang Danh Pham ◽  
Tri Nhut Pham ◽  
Do Thi Kim Nga ◽  
Ngan Thi Thu Nhung ◽  
Tri Duc Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lemongrass Essential Oil

At present, there are many different forms of relaxation and aromatic candles are one of the common forms. Scented candles not only provide background lighting but also help promoting a feeling of wellness. This study attempts to produce scented candles from natural sources such as soy wax, beeswax, and natural essential oils to bring the most practical benefits to the users. The produced candle should be long lasting, low cost and causes no health effects. The composition of scented candles included 60% beeswax, 30% soy wax, 8% lemongrass essential oil, 1% citric acid, and 1% ethanol.

scholarly journals Cymbopogon citratus essential oil-induced ultrastructural & morphological changes in the midgut, cuticle & Haller’s organ of the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2047-2062
Author(s):  
Desmond O. Agwunobi ◽  
Yuhong Hu ◽  
Zhijun Yu ◽  
Jingze Liu
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuolization ◽  
Haller's Organ ◽  
Lemongrass Essential Oil

Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann is a widely distributed species known for its capacity to transmit pathogens of medical, public health, and veterinary importance. Due to the environmental contamination caused by synthetic acaricides, plant essential oils have emerged as a promising alternative to manage tick infestation. This study evaluated the ultrastructural and morphological changes induced by Cymbopogon citratus Stapf (lemongrass) essential oil on adult H. longicornis tick. The concentrations of lemongrass essential oil used for the treatment via the adult immersion test were from 10 to 40 mg/mL. The most significant alterations 24 h post-exposure include the proliferation of lysosomes, reduction in the number of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, disorganization of the microvilli, the disappearance of lipid droplets and hematin granules, and cytoplasmic vacuolization (midgut); a thinner endocuticle and epicuticle, the deletion of the subdivision’s demarcation of the procuticle, disfiguration of the lamellar arrangements of the exocuticle, and cytoplasmic vacuolization of the epithelial cells (integument); cracks on the sensilla sockets, the detachment of one or two sensilla in the anterior pit, and partial disfiguration of part of the slit’s edge (Haller’s organ). These results reflect the acaricidal properties of the essential oil and could be an alternative means of tick control.

Nematicidal Activity of the Essential Oil of Rhododendron anthopogonoides Aerial Parts and its Constituent Compounds against Meloidogyne incognita

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Hua Bai ◽  
Chun Qi Bai ◽  
Qi Zhi Liu ◽  
Shu Shan Du ◽  
Zhi Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Natural Nematicides

Hydrodistilled essential oil from Rhododendron anthopogonoides Maxim. (Ericaceae) aerial parts was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 42 compounds, accounting for 95.48% of the total oil, were identified. The main constituents of the essential oil were benzyl acetone (34.41%), nerolidol (10.19%), 1,4-cineole (8.41%), β-caryophyllene (5.63%), γ-elemene (5.10%), and spathulenol (3.06%). Four constituents were isolated from the essential oil based on fractionation. The essential oil of R. anthopogonoides possessed nematicidal activity against the root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) with an LC50 value of 130.11 μg/ml. The main compound of the essential oil, benzyl acetone, exhibited nematicidal activity against M. incognita with an LC50 value of 74.17 μg/ ml while 1,4-cineole, nerolidol, and β-caryophyllene were not nematicidal at a concentration of 5 mg/ml. The essential oil of R. anthopogonoides and benzyl acetone show potential for their development as possible natural nematicides for the control of the root knot nematode

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