scholarly journals Biorefinery Combining HTL and FT to Convert Wet and Solid Organic, Industrial Wastes into 2nd Generation Biofuels with Highest Efficiency: Heat-to-Fuel

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Tatiana Loureiro ◽  
Raymond Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Production Technologies

Heat-to-Fuel is a 48 months Horizon 2020 project which main objective is to deliver the next generation of biofuel production technologies supporting the de-carbonisation of the transportation sector by integrating its novel technologies together with innovative activities on design, modelling, development of hardware and processes, testing and life cycle analysis of a fully integrated system.

scholarly journals Scientific Review of the Heat-to-Fuel Project

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Iván Aranda ◽  
Tatiana Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Integrated System ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Production Technologies

Heat-to-Fuel (HtF) is a 48 months Horizon 2020 project which main objective is to deliver the next generation of biofuel production technologies supporting the de-carbonisation of the transportation sector by integrating its novel technologies together with innovative activities on design, modelling, development of hardware and processes, testing and life cycle analysis of a fully integrated system. Reaching almost the half of HtF project, within this short paper a summary review on the main research outcomes and publications will be presented.

scholarly journals Novel Process to Convert Wet and Dry Organic Feedstocks into 2nd Generation Biofuels: A Scientific Review of the Heat-to-Fuel Project

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Laura Pérez ◽  
Iván Aranda ◽  
Tatiana Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Integrated System ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Innovation Project

Heat-to-Fuel is a 48-month research and innovation project, funded under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 (EU H2020) Framework Program, which the main objective is to deliver the next generation of biofuel production technologies supporting the decarbonization of the transportation sector by integrating its novel technologies together with innovative activities on design, modeling, development of hardware and processes, testing and life cycle analysis of a fully integrated system. The Heat-to-Fuel concept consists of a biorefinery that combines hydrothermal liquefaction, aqueous phase reforming and Fischer–Tropsch processes to convert wet and solid organic wastes into 2nd generation biofuels with the highest efficiency. Having reached almost 75% of the Heat-to-Fuel project’s execution, a review on the main research outcomes and publications derived from the Heat-to-Fuel project activities are presented within this paper.

FR-IR Molecular Microanalysis System

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
John A. Reffner ◽  
William T. Wihlborg
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Ir Microscopy ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Infrared Microspectroscopy ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Ft Ir

The IRμs™ is the first fully integrated system for Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microscopy. FT-IR microscopy combines light microscopy for morphological examination with infrared spectroscopy for chemical identification of microscopic samples or domains. Because the IRμs system is a new tool for molecular microanalysis, its optical, mechanical and system design are described to illustrate the state of development of molecular microanalysis. Applications of infrared microspectroscopy are reviewed by Messerschmidt and Harthcock.Infrared spectral analysis of microscopic samples is not a new idea, it dates back to 1949, with the first commercial instrument being offered by Perkin-Elmer Co. Inc. in 1953. These early efforts showed promise but failed the test of practically. It was not until the advances in computer science were applied did infrared microspectroscopy emerge as a useful technique. Microscopes designed as accessories for Fourier transform infrared spectrometers have been commercially available since 1983. These accessory microscopes provide the best means for analytical spectroscopists to analyze microscopic samples, while not interfering with the FT-IR spectrometer’s normal functions.

A Comprehensive Study on Intelligent Transportation Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ankur Mishra ◽  
Aayushi Priya
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
Transportation Sector

Transportation or transport sector is a legal source to take or carry things from one place to another. With the passage of time, transportation faces many issues like high accidents rate, traffic congestion, traffic & carbon emissions air pollution, etc. In some cases, transportation sector faced alleviating the brutality of crash related injuries in accident. Due to such complexity, researchers integrate virtual technologies with transportation which known as Intelligent Transport System. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) provide transport solutions by utilizing state-of-the-art information and telecommunications technologies. It is an integrated system of people, roads and vehicles, designed to significantly contribute to improve road safety, efficiency and comfort, as well as environmental conservation through realization of smoother traffic by relieving traffic congestion. This paper aims to elucidate various aspects of ITS - it's need, the various user applications, technologies utilized and concludes by emphasizing the case study of IBM ITS.

scholarly journals Adapting Santiago Method to Determine Appropriate and Resource Efficient Sanitation Systems for an Urban Settlement in Lima Peru

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1197
Author(s):  
Ainul Firdatun Nisaa ◽  
Manuel Krauss ◽  
Dorothee Spuhler
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Appropriateness Criteria ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Sanitation Systems

The pre-selection of locally appropriate sanitation technologies and systems is crucial for strategic sanitation planning as any decision is only as good as the options presented. One approach that allows us to systematically consider the local conditions and a diverse range of conventional and novel technologies and systems is the Santiago method. In this paper, we discuss whether the Santiago method can be applied to the case of Latin America and what we would gain from this application. We do so by expanding the Santiago technology library with technologies that have been shown to be promising in metropolitan areas of Latin America, such as condominial sewer, container-based sanitation, and activated sludge. We then apply Santiago to the semi-informal settlement Quebrada Verde (QV) in Lima, Peru. Using Santiago, we were able to generate 265,185 sanitation system options from 42 technologies and 18 appropriateness criteria. A set of 17 appropriate and divers are then selected. The diversity is defined by 17 system templates. To further evaluate these 17 systems, resource recovery and loss potentials are quantified. Higher nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and total solids recovery are observed for systems that combine urine diversion and biofuel production. The case of QV shows that the Santiago method is applicable in the Latin American context.

Integrated Combustor and Vane Concept in Gas Turbines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budimir Rosic ◽  
John D. Denton ◽  
John H. Horlock ◽  
Sumiu Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Axial Distance ◽  
Stagnation Region ◽  
Manufacturing Costs ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Wetted Area ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Cooling Air

This paper numerically investigates the interaction between multiple can combustors and the first vane in an industrial gas turbine with 16 can combustors and 32 vanes in order to find ways of reducing the overall cooling requirements. Two promising concepts for the overall cooling reduction are presented. In the first, by minimising the axial distance between the combustor wall and the vane, the stagnation region at the LE of every second vane can be effectively shielded from the hot mainstream gases. The LE shielding allows continuous cooling slots to be used (as an alternative to discrete cooling holes) to cool downstream parts of the vane using a portion of the saved LE showerhead cooling air. The second concept proposes a full combustor and first vane integration. In this novel concept the number of vanes is halved and the combustor walls are used to assist the flow turning. All remaining vanes are fully integrated into the combustor walls. In this way the total wetted area of the integrated system is reduced, and by shielding the LEs of the remaining vanes the total amount of cooling air can be reduced. The proposed combustor and first vane integration does not detrimentally affect the aerodynamics of the combustor and vane system. The concept also simplifies the design and should lower the manufacturing costs.

Fully integrated system-on-chip for pixel-based 3D depth and scene mapping

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Popp ◽  
Beat De Coi ◽  
Markus Thalmann ◽  
Radoslav Gancarz ◽  
Pascal Ferrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System On Chip ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
On Chip

Numerical Studies of Novel Aero Engine Secondary Combustors for Low-NOx Emissions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rolt ◽  
Victor Martínez Bueno ◽  
Mirko Romanelli ◽  
Xiaoxiao Sun ◽  
Pierre Gauthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Flow Region ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Aero Engine

Abstract Gas turbine thermal efficiency and fuel burn are very dependent on turbine entry temperature and overall pressure ratio (OPR). Unfortunately, increases in these two parameters compromise other key aspects of engine operation and tend to increase emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx). The European Horizon 2020 ULTIMATE project researched advanced-cycle aero engines with synergistic combinations of novel technologies to increase thermal efficiency without increasing emissions. One candidate technology was the addition of secondary combustion to increase the mean temperature of heat addition to improve thermal efficiency while limiting the primary combustor flame temperatures and NOx formation. However, an overall reduction in NOx also requires the secondary combustor to be a low-NOx design. This paper describes numerical studies carried out on novel aero engine secondary combustor concepts developed in two MSc-thesis research projects. The studies have explored the potential of oxy-poor-flame combustion concepts. These annular combustor designs featured two distinct regions: (i) the vortex zone, which promotes recirculation of combustion products, a prerequisite for low-oxygen combustion, and (ii) a through-flow region where part of the incoming flow bypasses the vortex before the flows mix again. These studies have demonstrated the advantages and some limitations of the proposed designs and emissions assessments in comparison with previous secondary combustor studies. They suggest very low NOx is achievable with oxy-poor combustion, but will be more difficult if the incoming oxygen levels are above 10%. More-accurate assessments will require LES modelling and inclusion of the primary combustor in the simulations. However, if the low overall NOx emissions would include relatively higher levels of nitrous oxide (N2O) then this might raise concerns with respect to global warming.

scholarly journals Bio-ethanol (2nd Generation Ethanol): A Solution to Ever Polluting Gasoline to Climate in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shruti Mohapatra ◽  
Raj Kishore Mishra ◽  
Khitish K. Sarangi
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Rapid Pace

Environmentally sustainable energy sources are called for due to contemporaneous development in industries along with the rapid pace of urbanization. Ethanol produced from biomass can be deliberated as a clean and safest liquid fuel and an alternative to fossil fuels as they have provided unique environmental, strategic economic benefits. For the past decade, it has been noticed that there is an increasing trend found in bio ethanol production which has created a stimulus to go for advancement in bio ethanol production technologies. Several feed stocks have been used for the bio ethanol production but the second generation bio ethanol has concentrated on the lignocellulosic biomass. Plenteous lignocellulosic biomass in the world can be tapped for ethanol production, but it will require significant advances in the ethanol production process from lignocellulosic because of some technical and economic hurdles found in commercial scale. This review will encompass the current status of bio ethanol production in terms of their economic and environmental viability along with some research gaps as well as policy implications for the same.

scholarly journals Microalgal Hydrogen Production in Relation to Other Biomass-Based Technologies—A Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6025
Author(s):  
Marcin Dębowski ◽  
Magda Dudek ◽  
Marcin Zieliński ◽  
Anna Nowicka ◽  
Joanna Kazimierowicz
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Main Barrier ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
And Storage

Hydrogen is an environmentally friendly biofuel which, if widely used, could reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions. The main barrier to the widespread use of hydrogen for power generation is the lack of technologically feasible and—more importantly—cost-effective methods of production and storage. So far, hydrogen has been produced using thermochemical methods (such as gasification, pyrolysis or water electrolysis) and biological methods (most of which involve anaerobic digestion and photofermentation), with conventional fuels, waste or dedicated crop biomass used as a feedstock. Microalgae possess very high photosynthetic efficiency, can rapidly build biomass, and possess other beneficial properties, which is why they are considered to be one of the strongest contenders among biohydrogen production technologies. This review gives an account of present knowledge on microalgal hydrogen production and compares it with the other available biofuel production technologies.

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