Pathological Changes of the Rumen in Small Ruminants Associated with Indigestible Foreign Objects

The use of agriculture by-products is highly demanded for livestock nutrition. However, the employment of certain non-degradable materials could potentially induce concretions and lesions in ruminants’ forestomach. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the morphological lesions showed in rumen containing indigestible foreign objects, named foreign bodies, in small ruminants. Twenty-two animals (12 goats and 10 ewes) presenting foreign bodies (2.750 ± 1.577 kg) were included in this study. Rumenotomies were performed to remove the foreign bodies, and rumen samples were taken for further morphological evaluations. Rumen samples from healthy small ruminants (n = 24) were also taken at slaughterhouses as controls. Morphologically, the rumen from affected animals showed a significant reduction of the ruminal papillae length (1.243 vs. 3.097), hyperplasia of the squamous epithelium, mononuclear infiltration in the subepithelial spaces and, less consistently, vacuolization of keratinocytes, presence of intraepithelial leukocytes and vascular changes of the lamina propria. It can be concluded that indigestible foreign bodies would cause ruminal lesions that would be able to trigger inflammatory and/or degenerative lesions. Our study demonstrates morphological lesions because of the presence of intraruminal foreign bodies, but further studies on the functional activity of the rumen in these cases are required. The avoidance of the presence of indigestible materials in agriculture exploitations is highly recommended in order to prevent the accumulation of indigestible foreign objects in small ruminants.

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Intruding implements: a pictorial review of retained surgical foreign objects in neuroradiology

Insights into Imaging ◽

10.1186/s13244-019-0817-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alessandra D’Amico ◽

Teresa Perillo ◽

Lorenzo Ugga ◽

Renato Cuocolo ◽

Arturo Brunetti

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Foreign Body ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

Correct Identification ◽

Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽

Local Inflammatory Response ◽

Inflammatory Reactions ◽

Foreign Objects ◽

Pictorial Review ◽

Review Reports

AbstractIntra-cranial and spinal foreign body reactions represent potential complications of medical procedures. Their diagnosis may be challenging as they frequently show an insidious clinical presentation and can mimic other life-threatening conditions. Their pathophysiological mechanism is represented by a local inflammatory response due to retained or migrated surgical elements. Cranial interventions may be responsible for the presence of retained foreign objects represented by surgical materials (such as sponges, bone wax, and Teflon). Spinal diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, including myelography, chordotomy, vertebroplasty, and device implantation, are another potential source of foreign bodies. These reactions can also follow material migration or embolization, for example in the case of Lipiodol, Teflon, and cement vertebroplasty. Imaging exams, especially CT and MRI, have a central role in the differential diagnosis of these conditions together with patient history. Neuroradiological findings are dependent on the type of material that has been left in or migrated from the surgical area. Knowledge of these entities is relevant for clinical practice as the correct identification of foreign bodies and related inflammatory reactions, material embolisms, or migrations can be difficult. This pictorial review reports neuroradiological semeiotics and differential diagnosis of foreign body-related imaging abnormalities in the brain and spine.

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Removal of Coins From the Esophagus: Nothing New Under the Sun

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.51.2.313 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 313-313

Author(s):

Jack H. T. Chang ◽

John D. Burrington

Keyword(s):

Alimentary Canal ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Seventh Century ◽

The Sun ◽

Foreign Objects ◽

Byzantine Period

In the recent literature there appears to be a revival of interest in the use of Foley catheters in removing foreign objects from both orifices of the alimentary canal.1-3 During the peak of the Byzantine period, foreign bodies were extracted from the esophagus by having the patient swallow a small, dry sponge on a string, allowing it to expand in the stomach and then withdrawing the sponge. Paulus Aegineta (seventh century) wrote in Book Six of his Epitome of Medicine:

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Surviving a Self-inflicted Transorbital Pen Intrusion to the Cerebellum: Case Report

Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A Central European Neurosurgery ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1735859 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David Breuskin ◽

Ralf Ketter ◽

Joachim Oertel

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

Routine Procedure ◽

Low Velocity ◽

Foreign Objects ◽

Surgical Exposure ◽

The Right ◽

The Brain ◽

Do So

Abstract Background Although intracranial traumas by penetrating foreign objects are not absolute rarities, the nature of trauma, the kind of object, and its trajectory make them a one of a kind case every time they occur. Whereas high-velocity traumas mostly result in fatalities, it is the low-velocity traumas that demand an individualized surgical strategy. Methods We present a case report of a 33-year-old patient who was admitted to our department with a self-inflicted transorbital pen injury to the brain. The authors recall the incident and the technique of the pen removal. Results Large surgical exposure of the pen trajectory was considered too traumatic. Therefore, we opted to remove the pen and have an immediate postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan. Due to its fragility, the pen case could only be removed with a screwdriver, inserted into the case. Post-op CT scan showed a small bleeding in the right peduncular region, which was treated conservatively. The patient was transferred back to intensive care unit and woken up the next day. She lost visual function on her right eye, but suffered from no further neurologic deficit. Conclusion Surgical management of removal of intracranial foreign bodies is no routine procedure. Although some would favor a large surgical exposure, we could not think of an approach to do so without maximum surgical efforts. We opted for a minimal surgical procedure with immediate CT scan and achieved an optimal result. We find this case to be worth considering when deciding on a strategy in the future.

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Can Agro-Industrial By-Products Rich in Polyphenols be Advantageously Used in the Feeding and Nutrition of Dairy Small Ruminants?

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10010131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 131 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Fabio Correddu ◽

Mondina Francesca Lunesu ◽

Giovanna Buffa ◽

Alberto Stanislao Atzori ◽

Anna Nudda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Local Level ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Added Value ◽

Dietary Polyphenols ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Feed Costs ◽

Scientific Results ◽

By Products

Recently, the interest in industrial by-products produced at the local level in Mediterranean areas, resulting from fruit and vegetable processes, has increased because of their considerable amounts of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols. In this review, we analyze the most recent scientific results concerning the use of agro-industrial by-products, naturally rich in polyphenols (BPRP), in the diets of small dairy ruminants. Effects on milk production, milk and rumen liquor fatty acid profile, metabolic parameters, and methane production are reviewed. The feed intake and digestibility coefficients were generally depressed by BPRP, even though they were not always reflected in the milk yield. The main observed positive effects of BPRP were on quality of the milk’s FA profile, antioxidant activity in milk and blood, a reduction of rumen ammonia, and, consequently, a reduction of milk and blood urea. The expected beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols in small ruminants were not always observed because of their complex and variable matrices. However, owing to the large quantities of these products available at low prices, the use of BPRB in small ruminant nutrition offers a convenient solution to the valorization of residues arising from agricultural activities, reducing feed costs for farmers and conferring added value to dairy products at the local level, in a sustainable way.

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The Fakir Child: Clinical Observation or Invasive Treatment?

Pediatric Reports ◽

10.3390/pediatric12030023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 103-107

Author(s):

Antonio Gatto ◽

Serenella Angelici ◽

Claudia Di Pangrazio ◽

Lorenzo Nanni ◽

Danilo Buonsenso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

Case Reports ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Case Series ◽

Expectant Management ◽

X Rays ◽

Gi Tract ◽

Invasive Treatment ◽

Foreign Objects

Accidental swallowing of foreign bodies is a common problem among the pediatric population (6 months to 3 years), especially if the foreign body (FB) presents a sharp end that could potentially lead to perforation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, resulting in infection and complications. We report the case of a 2-year-old, admitted to the Emergency Department of our hospital after ingesting two FBs classifiable as sharp objects, specifically two metal nails, both approximately 4-cm long, which had been swallowed in one go, as reported by the parents. The patient had been previously admitted to another hospital in the same region, where the Emergency Department (ED) doctors took an X-ray to confirm the ingestion. The foreign bodies ingestion was thus confirmed, and they were, according to their report, located in the GI tract over the stomach. The patient has been monitored through all of his stay in the hospital and the progression of the foreign bodies has been documented with serial X-rays. Since neither clinical nor radiological signs of perforation were present, putting the FBs in the small bowel, a non-operative expectant management was followed. After 4 days of admission, the patient had passed one of the two FBS and later on the second one, without any complication. Thereafter the patient was discharged. The management of sharp gastrointestinal foreign objects ingestion is still debated, and the data of the current literature are poor. A number of case reports and small case series describe successful conservative management for the majority of ingested sharp objects. According to the literature data, our report confirms that the ingestion of sharp objects and relatively big objects in a baby can be successfully non-operatively managed, even despite the age of the patient and though the FBs are multiple.

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The impact of pressure overload on coronary vascular changes following myocardial infarction in rats

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00793.2012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 304 (5) ◽

pp. H719-H728 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jiqiu Chen ◽

Artiom Petrov ◽

Elisa Yaniz-Galende ◽

Lifan Liang ◽

Hans J. de Haas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Pulmonary Edema ◽

Heart Function ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Pressure Overload ◽

Coronary Artery Ligation ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Vascular Changes ◽

Atrial Thrombus ◽

The Impact

This study investigates the impact of pressure overload on vascular changes after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. To evaluate the effect of pressure overload, MI was induced in three groups: 1) left coronary artery ligation for 1 mo (MI-1m), 2) ischemia 30 min/reperfusion for 1 mo (I/R-1m), and 3) ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was performed after pressure overload induced by aortic banding for 2 mo; 1 mo post-I/R, aortic constriction was released (Ab+I/R+DeAb). Heart function was assessed by echocardiography and in vivo hemodynamics. Resin casting and three-dimensional imaging with microcomputed tomography were used to characterize changes in coronary vasculature. TTC (triphenyltetrazohum chloride) staining and Masson's Trichrome were conducted in parallel experiments. In normal rats, MI induced by I/R and permanent occlusion was transmural or subendocardial. Occluded arterial branches vanished in MI-1m rats. A short residual tail was retained, distal to the occluded site in the ischemic area in I/R-1m hearts. Vascular pathological changes in transmural MI mostly occurred in ischemic areas and remote vasculature remained normal. In pressure overloaded rats, I/R injury induced a sub-MI in which ischemia was transmural, but myocardium in the involved area had survived. The ischemic arterial branches were preserved even though the capillaries were significantly diminished and the pathological changes were extended to remote areas, characterized by fibrosis, atrial thrombus, and pulmonary edema in the Ab+I/R+DeAb group. Pressure overload could increase vascular tolerance to I/R injury, but also trigger severe global ventricular fibrosis and results in atrial thrombus and pulmonary edema.

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Primary Anal Canal Syphilis in Men: The Clinicopathologic Spectrum of an Easily Overlooked Diagnosis

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/arpa.2014-0487-oa ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 139 (9) ◽

pp. 1156-1160 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Purva Gopal ◽

Rajal B. Shah

Keyword(s):

Anal Canal ◽

Lamina Propria ◽

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Squamous Epithelium ◽

Treponema Pallidum ◽

Rectal Biopsy ◽

Clinical History ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Detailed Knowledge ◽

Sex With Men

Context The incidence of syphilis is on the rise, particularly in male patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive, and men who have sex with men. Objective To describe 4 cases of primary syphilis presenting in the anal canal to increase awareness of its presentation and morphology in this location, as the diagnosis can be easily overlooked clinically and by the pathologist. Design Clinical presentation, hematoxylin-eosin–stained sections, and Treponema pallidum immunohistochemical staining were reviewed in detail in all 4 cases. Results Three patients presented with anal canal ulcers; one presented with an ulcerated anal mass. All 4 patients were male, of whom 2 were HIV positive. Syphilis was clinically suspected in only 1 case; in 2 cases, confirmatory evaluation and treatment were prompted by pathologic diagnosis. In the fourth case, syphilis was diagnosed serologically at time of biopsy; however, the patient had an anal mass, and malignancy was clinically suspected. All 4 cases had bandlike chronic plasma cell–rich inflammation at the squamous epithelium and lamina propria junction; 2 cases had poorly formed granulomas. One case had concomitant rectal biopsy specimens with proctitis. Treponema pallidum immunohistochemistry highlighted homing of organisms in a perivascular pattern and at the junction of squamous epithelium and lamina propria. Conclusions Syphilis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of anal canal ulcers, anorectal inflammatory masses, and proctitis. Detailed knowledge of clinical history and recognition of the characteristic pattern of inflammation by the pathologist is important. Treponema pallidum immunohistochemical staining can help avoid a missed diagnosis of syphilis, which, if left unrecognized, can progress to late-stage disease with serious complications.

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Clinical outcomes of endoscopic removal of foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract

BMC Gastroenterology ◽

10.1186/s12876-021-01959-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dong Ryeol Yoo ◽

Chang Bin Im ◽

Baek Gyu Jun ◽

Hyun Il Seo ◽

Jong Kyu Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Endoscopic Management ◽

Endoscopic Removal ◽

Foreign Objects ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

Abstract Background Ingested foreign objects frequently require emergency removal. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic removal of foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract and the risk factors for adverse events. Methods Adults (> 18 years) who underwent endoscopic management of ingested foreign bodies at two centers, one inland and one on the coast, between January 2008 and December 2017 were eligible. Clinical characteristics and procedure-related outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups, based on whether the foreign bodies were sharp or blunt in shape. Results A total of 853 patients aged 19–96 years were analyzed. Ingestion of fish bones was more common in the coastal area, whereas ingestion of food boluses was more common in the inland area. The duration of impaction ranged from 1 h to over 1 month and was significantly longer in patients who ingested blunt than sharp foreign bodies (15 vs. 5 h, p < 0.001). Most (98.9%) foreign bodies were successfully removed. Adverse events occurred in 31.2 % of patients, including ulcers (4.0%) and perforations (3.3 %). Multivariate analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR] 1.015, p = 0.012), sharp foreign bodies (OR 5.133, p < 0.001), location in the esophagus (OR 2.723, p = 0.018), and duration of impaction (OR 1.431, p < 0.001) were factors associated with adverse events. Conclusions Early recognition and timely endoscopic removal of ingested foreign bodies, particularly in elderly patients and those with sharp foreign bodies, may improve clinical outcomes.

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31. Histological of Tractus Digestivus of Domestical Catfish (Clarias batracus)

Jurnal Medika Veterinaria ◽

10.21157/j.med.vet..v13i2.3535 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Aliman Irfandi ◽

Cut Dahlia Iskandar ◽

Zainuddin Zainuddin ◽

Dian Masyitha ◽

Fitriani Fitriani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Lamina Propria ◽

Alimentary Tract ◽

Squamous Epithelium ◽

Goblet Cells ◽

Taste Buds ◽

Muscularis Mucosa ◽

Club Cells ◽

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Domestical catfish is grouped into omnivora, although the fish is tended into carnivora. The aim of the present study was to investigate histology of alimentary tract of domestical catfish (Clarias batrachus). In order to determine alimentary tract of domestical catfish, oesophagus, gastric and intestines is investigated by Haematoxilin Eosin. Histology exploration was performed each layer of alimentary tract’s wall consist of lamina epithelia, propria, and muscularis mucosa. Collagen connective tissue was developed tunica submucosa. The muscle of tunica muscularis was performed circular and elongated. Dense connective tissue and blood vessels was located in the tunica serosa. Histology exploration revealed has stratified squamous epithelium, mucosit cells, eosinophilic club cells on the lamina epithelia, and taste buds on the lamina propria in oesophagus. Gastric was establised simple prismatic cells, and glands of gastric on the lamina propria. Furthermore intestine was showed villi and goblet cells. There were not showed Brunner and Liberkhun gland. In conclusion, histology of alimentary tract was revealed from tunica mucosa, submucosa, and serosa.

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Novel use of overtube for rectal foreign body to “clean” out the colon: Extraction of large Tide-To-Go pen

Discussion of Clinical Cases ◽

10.5430/dcc.v7n3p20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Paul Shao ◽

Winston Yen ◽

Jasleen K. Grewal ◽

Ryan Perumpail ◽

Felix Leung

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Minimally Invasive ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

The Novel ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Foreign Objects

The rate of colorectal foreign bodies is increasing. Endoscopists must be creative in order to remove the foreign objects safely in the most minimally invasive manner as these objects could vary greatly in size and shape. We present a case of the novel use of an esophageal overtube to aid in the removal of a difficult-to-remove Tide-To-Go cap.

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