The Validity and Reliability of a New Simple Instrument for the Measurement of First Ray Mobility

Several methods have been described to quantify the first ray mobility. They all have certain disadvantages (great size, sophistication, or lack of validation). The objective of this work was to study the validity and reliability of a new instrument for the measurement of first ray mobility. Anterior-posterior radiographs were obtained from 25 normal feet and 24 hallux valgus feet, with the first ray in a neutral position, maximally dorsiflexed and maximally plantarflexed. The first ray mobility was radiographicaly measured in both groups, and was also manually examined with the new device. A cluster analysis determined whether normal and hallux valgus feet were correctly classified, and a graphic analysis of Bland-Altman was performed to compare the radiographic and manual measurement techniques. Based on the radiographs, the first ray mobility only showed significant differences in dorsiflexion between both groups (P = 0.015). First ray dorsiflexion, plantarflexion and total range of motion measured with the new device were different between both groups (P = 0.040, P = 0.011 and P = 0.006, respectively). The silhouette measure of the cohesion and separation coefficients from the cluster analysis was greater than 0.50 for the dorsiflexion, plantarflexion and total range of motion obtained from the radiographs and from the new device. The Bland-Altman graph suggested that 96% of the data presented agreement between both measurement methods. These results suggested that the new instrument was valid and reliable.

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Static Range of Motion of the First Metatarsal in the Sagittal and Frontal Planes

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm7110456 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 456 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sandra Tavara-Vidalón ◽

Manuel Monge-Vera ◽

Guillermo Lafuente-Sotillos ◽

Gabriel Domínguez-Maldonado ◽

Pedro Munuera-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Least Squares Method ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Neutral Position ◽

Future Design ◽

First Metatarsal ◽

Medial Cuneiform ◽

First Ray ◽

Degree Equation

The first metatarsal and medial cuneiform form an important functional unit in the foot, called “first ray”. The first ray normal range of motion (ROM) is difficult to quantify due to the number of joints that are involved. Several methods have previously been proposed. Controversy exists related to normal movement of the first ray frontal plane accompanying that in the sagittal plane. The objective of this study was to investigate the ROM of the first ray in the sagittal and frontal planes in normal feet. Anterior-posterior radiographs were done of the feet of 40 healthy participants with the first ray in a neutral position, maximally dorsiflexed and maximally plantarflexed. They were digitalized and the distance between the tibial malleolus and the intersesamoid crest in the three positions mentioned was measured. The rotation of the first ray in these three positions was measured. A polynomic function that fits a curve describing the movement observed in the first ray was obtained using the least squares method. ROM of the first ray in the sagittal plane was 6.47 (SD 2.59) mm of dorsiflexion and 6.12 (SD 2.55) mm of plantarflexion. ROM in the frontal plane was 2.69 (SD 4.03) degrees of inversion during the dorsiflexion and 2.97 (SD 2.72) degrees during the plantarflexion. A second-degree equation was obtained, which represents the movement of the first ray. Passive dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the first ray were accompanied by movements in the frontal plane: 0.45 degrees of movement were produced in the frontal plane for each millimeter of displacement in the sagittal plane. These findings might be useful for the future design of instruments for clinically quantifying first ray mobility.

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Validity and reliability of inertial sensors for elbow and wrist range of motion assessment

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9687 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9687

Author(s):

Vanina Costa ◽

Óscar Ramírez ◽

Abraham Otero ◽

Daniel Muñoz-García ◽

Sandra Uribarri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Inertial Sensors ◽

High Reliability ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Active Movement ◽

Neutral Position ◽

Maximum Difference ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Flexion Extension

Background Elbow and wrist chronic conditions are very common among musculoskeletal problems. These painful conditions affect muscle function, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the joint’s Range Of Motion (ROM). Due to their portability and ease of use, goniometers are still the most widespread tool for measuring ROM. Inertial sensors are emerging as a digital, low-cost and accurate alternative. However, whereas inertial sensors are commonly used in research studies, due to the lack of information about their validity and reliability, they are not widely used in the clinical practice. The goal of this study is to assess the validity and intra-inter-rater reliability of inertial sensors for measuring active ROM of the elbow and wrist. Materials and Methods Measures were taken simultaneously with inertial sensors (Werium™ system) and a universal goniometer. The process involved two physiotherapists (“rater A” and “rater B”) and an engineer responsible for the technical issues. Twenty-nine asymptomatic subjects were assessed individually in two sessions separated by 48 h. The procedure was repeated by rater A followed by rater B with random order. Three repetitions of each active movement (elbow flexion, pronation, and supination; and wrist flexion, extension, radial deviation and ulnar deviation) were executed starting from the neutral position until the ROM end-feel; that is, until ROM reached its maximum due to be stopped by the anatomy. The coefficient of determination (r2) and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were calculated to assess the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. The Standard Error of the Measurement and the Minimum Detectable Change and a Bland–Altman plots were also calculated. Results Similar ROM values when measured with both instruments were obtained for the elbow (maximum difference of 3° for all the movements) and wrist (maximum difference of 1° for all the movements). These values were within the normal range when compared to literature studies. The concurrent validity analysis for all the movements yielded ICC values ≥0.78 for the elbow and ≥0.95 for the wrist. Concerning reliability, the ICC values denoted a high reliability of inertial sensors for all the different movements. In the case of the elbow, intra-rater and inter-rater reliability ICC values range from 0.83 to 0.96 and from 0.94 to 0.97, respectively. Intra-rater analysis of the wrist yielded ICC values between 0.81 and 0.93, while the ICC values for the inter-rater analysis range from 0.93 to 0.99. Conclusions Inertial sensors are a valid and reliable tool for measuring elbow and wrist active ROM. Particularly noteworthy is their high inter-rater reliability, often questioned in measurement tools. The lowest reliability is observed in elbow prono-supination, probably due to skin artifacts. Based on these results and their advantages, inertial sensors can be considered a valid assessment tool for wrist and elbow ROM.

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Rigid Internal Fixation of Proximal Crescentic Metatarsal Osteotomy in Hallux Valgus Correction

Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics ◽

10.1177/2473011418s00465 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 2473011418S0046

Author(s):

Andrew Stith ◽

Matthew Griffin ◽

Wesley Flint ◽

Michael Coughlin

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Hallux Valgus ◽

Hardware Removal ◽

Metatarsal Osteotomy ◽

Titanium Plate ◽

Aofas Score ◽

Low Profile ◽

First Ray

Category: Bunion Introduction/Purpose: Proximal first metatarsal crescentic osteotomies are an effective means for correction of moderate to severe hallux valgus deformities. The originally described fixation construct included an intramedullary screw and a Kirschner wire which crossed the joint and required removal at 6 weeks. Elevation malunion of the first ray was also frequently noted postoperatively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of utilizing a low-profile titanium plate and screw construct for rigid fixation of proximal crescentic osteotomies. Methods: There were 53 patients (60 feet, 7 bilateral) with hallux valgus deformities enrolled in the study. They were all treated operatively with a proximal crescentic osteotomy and distal soft tissue correction with or without an Akin osteotomy. The crescentic osteotomy was fixed with a low-profile titanium plate and screws. Postoperatively patients were assessed at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. Outcomes assessed included the need for hardware removal, change in elevatus of the first ray, as well as pre- and post-op VAS pain scores, radiographic evaluation, AOFAS score, MTP joint range of motion, and complications. Results: Of the 60 hallux valgus cases enrolled, 56 have completed their final follow-up (93%). At 1 year 55/56 patients had achieved radiographic union of their osteotomy. Nine patients had their hardware removed (16%). Range of motion at the 1st MTP joint decreased from 76.5 to 59.6 degrees. Hallux valgus angle improved from a mean of 28.8 to 9.6 degrees. The mean 1-2 intermetatarsal angle decreased from 14.1 to 6.4 degrees. Elevatus of the first ray increased from a mean of 2.5 mm pre-op to 3.2 mm (<1 mm) post-op. Mean VAS score improved from 4.43 to 0.68 (3.75 points). AOFAS score improved from 54.7 to 88.5 points. Complications included 4 superficial infections, 2 delayed wound healing cases and one DVT. Conclusion: Proximal crescentic metatarsal osteotomy with distal soft tissue repair is a safe and reliable method for operative treatment of hallux valgus. Utilization of a low-profile titanium plate and screw construct to rigidly fix the osteotomy yields a high rate of union and deformity correction with a low incidence of hardware removal and minimal increase in elevation of the first ray at final follow up.

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Evidence of validity and reliability of the adaptive functioning scale for intellectual disability (EFA-DI)

Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica ◽

10.1186/s41155-020-00164-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thais Selau ◽

Mônia Aparecida da Silva ◽

Euclides José de Mendonça Filho ◽

Denise Ruschel Bandeira

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Adaptive Functioning ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Theory Analysis ◽

International Context ◽

Systematic Assessment ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Item Response Theory Analysis ◽

New Instrument ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Intellectual disability (ID) is a developmental disorder characterized by deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) defines adaptive functioning as a severity measure of ID. The availability of tests in the international context to assess this construct has increased in recent years. In Brazil, however, non-systematic assessment of adaptive functioning, such as through observation and interviews, still predominates. The Escala de Funcionamento Adaptativo para Deficiência Intelectual EFA-DI [Adaptive Functioning Scale for Intellectual Disabilities] is a new instrument developed in Brazil to assess the adaptive functioning of 7- to 15-year-old children and support the diagnosis of ID. This study’s objectives were to investigate evidence of validity related to the EFA-DI’s internal structure, criterion validity, and reliability. The psychometric analyses involved two statistical modeling types, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory analysis (IRT). These results highlight the EFA-DI scale’s strong psychometric properties and support its use as a parental report measure of young children’s adaptive functioning. Future studies will be conducted to develop norms of interpretation for the EFA-DI. This study is expected to contribute to the fields of psychological assessment and child development in Brazil.

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Accuracy of Wearable Sensor Technology in Hand Goniometry: A Systematic Review

Hand ◽

10.1177/15589447211014606 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 155894472110146

Author(s):

Francisco R. Avila ◽

Rickey E. Carter ◽

Christopher J. McLeod ◽

Charles J. Bruce ◽

Davide Giardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Inertial Sensors ◽

Measurement Techniques ◽

Infrared Camera ◽

Wearable Devices ◽

Sensor Technology ◽

Accuracy Evaluation ◽

Wearable Sensor

Background Wearable devices and sensor technology provide objective, unbiased range of motion measurements that help health care professionals overcome the hindrances of protractor-based goniometry. This review aims to analyze the accuracy of existing wearable sensor technologies for hand range of motion measurement and identify the most accurate one. Methods We performed a systematic review by searching PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase for studies evaluating wearable sensor technology in hand range of motion assessment. Keywords used for the inquiry were related to wearable devices and hand goniometry. Results Of the 71 studies, 11 met the inclusion criteria. Ten studies evaluated gloves and 1 evaluated a wristband. The most common types of sensors used were bend sensors, followed by inertial sensors, Hall effect sensors, and magnetometers. Most studies compared wearable devices with manual goniometry, achieving optimal accuracy. Although most of the devices reached adequate levels of measurement error, accuracy evaluation in the reviewed studies might be subject to bias owing to the use of poorly reliable measurement techniques for comparison of the devices. Conclusion Gloves using inertial sensors were the most accurate. Future studies should use different comparison techniques, such as infrared camera–based goniometry or virtual motion tracking, to evaluate the performance of wearable devices.

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Development and Preliminary Validation of Social Media as an Educational and Professional Tool Student Perceptions Scale (SMEPT-SPS)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13041814 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1814

Author(s):

Samuel López-Carril ◽

María Huertas González-Serrano ◽

Ferran Calabuig-Moreno ◽

Vicente Añó ◽

Christos Anagnostopoulos

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Student Perceptions ◽

Professional Learning ◽

Sports Management ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Preliminary Validation ◽

New Instrument ◽

Management Students ◽

Professional Tool

Although social media has an increasing presence both in university and sports settings, in the sports-management education context, no instruments (without being focused on one particular social-media platform, e.g., Facebook and Twitter) have been developed and validated that globally allow the academy to explore the perceptions of sports-management students concerning the educational and professional learning potential that these tools offer. Therefore, this research’s main objective is to develop and perform a preliminary validation of the social media as an educational and professional tool student perceptions scale (SMEPT-SPS). This study sample was composed of 90 Spanish undergraduate sports-management students (M = 22.56; SD = 3.55). A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the psychometric properties of the SMEPT-SPS. The statistical analysis reflects the scale’s three-dimensional nature, explaining 67.87% of the variance and presents adequate psychometric properties (α = 0.87). Nevertheless, further validity and reliability analysis are required to confirm these initial findings with a larger and more representative sample. Considering the foregoing limitation, this research contributes to the literature by providing a new instrument, the SMEPT-SPS, that could help sports-management faculty expand the scope and understanding of social media’s educational and professional potential.

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Validity and reliability of an android phone application to measure cervical range-of-motion

Physiotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1145 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 101 ◽

pp. e1244

Author(s):

J. Quek ◽

S.G. Brauer ◽

J. Treleaven ◽

R.A. Clark

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cervical Range Of Motion

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Z-osteotomy in hallux valgus: clinical and radiological outcome after Scarf osteotomy

Orthopedic Reviews ◽

10.4081/or.2009.e4 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marcus Jaeger ◽

Michael Schmidt ◽

Alexander Wild ◽

Bernd Bittersohl ◽

Susanne Courtois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Hallux Valgus ◽

Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Mean Value ◽

Surgical Approaches ◽

Radiological Outcome ◽

Scarf Osteotomy ◽

Post Surgery ◽

The Mean

Correction osteotomies of the first metatarsal are common surgical approaches in treating hallux valgus deformities whereas the Scarf osteotomy has gained popularity. The purpose of this study was to analyze short- and mid-term results in hallux valgus patients who underwent a Scarf osteotomy. The subjective and radiological outcome of 131 Scarf osteotomies (106 hallux valgus patients, mean age: 57.5 years, range: 22-90 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Mean follow-up was 22.4 months (range: 6 months-5 years). Surgical indications were: intermetatarsal angle (IMA) of 12-23°; increased proximal articular angle (PAA>8°), and range of motion of the metatarsophalangeal joint in flexion and extension >40°. Exclusion criteria were severe osteoporosis and/or osteoarthritis. The mean subjective range of motion (ROM) of the great toe post-surgery was 0.8±1.73 points (0: full ROM, 10: total stiffness). The mean subjective cosmetic result was 2.7±2.7 points (0: excellent, 10: poor). The overall post-operative patient satisfaction with the result was high (2.1±2.5 points (0: excellent, 10: poor). The mean hallux valgus angle improvement was 16.6° (pre-operative mean value: 37.5°) which was statistically significant (p<0.01). The IMA improved by an average of 5.96° from a pre-operative mean value of 15.4° (p<0.01). Neither osteonecrosis of the distal fragment nor peri-operative fractures were noted during the follow-up. In keeping with our follow-up results, the Scarf osteotomy approach shows potential in the therapy of hallux valgus. 筻

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Validity and reliability of a wearable-controlled serious game and goniometer for telemonitoring of wrist fracture rehabilitation

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00068-021-01657-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Henriëtte A. W. Meijer ◽

Maurits Graafland ◽

Miryam C. Obdeijn ◽

Marlies P. Schijven ◽

J. Carel Goslings

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Internal Validity ◽

Wrist Fracture ◽

Serious Game ◽

Reference Standard ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Flexion Extension

Abstract Purpose To determine the validity of wrist range of motion (ROM) measurements by the wearable-controlled ReValidate! wrist-rehabilitation game, which simultaneously acts as a digital goniometer. Furthermore, to establish the reliability of the game by contrasting ROM measurements to those found by medical experts using a universal goniometer. Methods As the universal goniometer is considered the reference standard, inter-rater reliability between surgeons was first determined. Internal validity of the game ROM measurements was determined in a test–retest setting with healthy volunteers. The reliability of the game was tested in 34 patients with a restricted range of motion, in whom the ROM was measured by experts as well as digitally. Intraclass-correlation coefficients (ICCs) were determined and outcomes were analyzed using Bland–Altman plots. Results Inter-rater reliability between experts using a universal goniometer was poor, with ICCs of 0.002, 0.160 and 0.520. Internal validity testing of the game found ICCs of − 0.693, 0.376 and 0.863, thus ranging from poor to good. Reliability testing of the game compared to medical expert measurements, found that mean differences were small for the flexion–extension arc and the radial deviation-ulnar deviation arc. Conclusion The ReValidate! game is a reliable home-monitoring device digitally measuring ROM in the wrist. Interestingly, the test–retest reliability of the serious game was found to be considerably higher than the inter-rater reliability of the reference standard, being healthcare professionals using a universal goniometer. Trial registration number (internal hospital registration only) MEC-AMC W17_003 #17.015.

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GIRD syndrome in male handball and volleyball players: Is the decrease of total range of motion the turning point to pathology?

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation ◽

10.3233/bmr-191767 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Jonas Schmalzl ◽

Helen Walter ◽

Wolfram Rothfischer ◽

Sören Blaich ◽

Christian Gerhardt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Internal Rotation ◽

Turning Point ◽

External Rotation ◽

Constant Score ◽

High Rate ◽

Overhead Athletes ◽

Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit ◽

Total Range ◽

Volleyball Players

BACKGROUND: Adaptations in glenohumeral range of motion may affect overhead athletes and lead to shoulder pathologies. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) and postero-superior impingement among male handball and volleyball players and the relationship between these pathologies and training level (amateur vs. professional), position (attack vs. no attack), experience (> 5 years vs. < 5 years) and sports. METHODS: Sixty-seven handball players and 67 volleyball players with a mean age of 25 [± 5] years were included. The range of motion including external and internal rotation in 90∘ abduction of the dominant and non-dominant shoulder was measured of each examined athlete. Visual analogue scale, disabilities of the shoulder and hand score, constant score and subjective shoulder value were recorded. The athletes were examined for postero-superior impingement and abduction force was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. RESULTS: Internal rotation was significantly lower and external rotation was significantly greater in the dominant arm for both sports. 72% presented with GIRD. GIRD was more prevalent in athletes active for > 5 years (odds ratio (OR) 3), in those training > 3 times per week (OR 1.4) and in handball players (OR 2.7). 24% presented with postero-superior impingement. Players active for > 5 years (OR 1.22), professionals (OR 1.14), volleyball players (OR 1.19), offensive players (OR 2.2) and athletes with GIRD > 10∘ (OR 1.5) showed a higher prevalence of postero-superior impingement. CONCLUSION: GIRD is a common phenomenon in handball and volleyball players. Offensive players are frequently suffering from postero-superior impingement. GIRD > 10∘ leads in nearly 75% of the athletes to a decrease of total range of motion and a high rate of postero-superior impingement. Thus, a decreased range of motion seems to be the turning point from adaptation to pathology. Therefore, regular controls of range of motion and countermeasures by means of stretching the posterior shoulder joint should be integrated in the training content.

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