scholarly journals Urban Child Labor in Bangladesh: Determinants and Its Possible Impacts on Health and Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Ahad ◽  
Mitu Chowdhury ◽  
Yvonne K. Parry ◽  
Eileen Willis
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Urban Child ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Children And Parents

(1) Background: A significant proportion of child laborers are compelled to work in exploitative environments, and experience both deteriorating health and financial loss. The present study sought to determine the factors affecting child labor and the characteristics of their working environment. (2) Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted with 80 child laborers aged 5 to 17 years. Alongside descriptive statistics, a newly devised technique known as the Influencing Causes Index (ICI) was administered and tested. (3) Results: The demographic findings reveal that most child laborers are young children (12–14 years) and 32.5% of child laborers have never attended school. The thorough assessment of determinants reflects that not only poverty but schooling expenses and a lack of access to opportunities in primary schools are also the top-ranked push factors to trigger children towards labor. Around 72.5% of children work for over 8 h a day. A significant proportion of participants received no leave, training, or access to hygiene facilities. The existing pattern of employment and working conditions resulted in musculoskeletal pain and dermatological infections among child laborers (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: This research suggests that income measures for households and an education program for both children and parents would expedite the abolition of child labor.

scholarly journals Urban Child Labour in Bangladesh: Determinants and It’s Possible Impacts on Health and Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Ahad ◽  
Mitu Chowdhury ◽  
Yvonne K Parry ◽  
Eileen Willis
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Urban Child ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Children And Parents

1) Background: A significant proportion of child laborers are compelled to work in exploitative environments, experience both deteriorating health and financial loss. The present study sought to determine the factors affecting child labour and the characteristics of their working environment. 2) Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted with 80 child labourers aged 5 to 17 years. Alongside descriptive statistics, a newly devised technique known as Influencing Causes Index (ICI) was administered and tested. 3) Results: The startling demographic findings reveal that peak share of child labourers are young children (12-14 years) and 32.5% child laborers had never attended school. The thorough assessment of determinants reflects that not only poverty, but schooling expenses and lack of access opportunity to primary schools are also the top-ranked push factors to trigger children towards labour. Around 72.5% of children work for over 8 hours a day. A significant proportion of participants received no leave, training, or access to hygiene facilities. The existing pattern of employment and working conditions resulted in musculoskeletal pain and dermatological infections among child labourers (p&amp;lt;0.05). 4) Conclusion: This research suggests that income measures for households, and an education programme for both children and parents would expedite the abolition of child labour.

scholarly journals An economic survey of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) storage practices in Kwara State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Segun Fakayode ◽  
A Olubunmi Omotesho ◽  
T Zainab Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Efficient Storage ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Storage Technique ◽  
Storage Facilities

Grain cereals are the food security staples of the poor masses around the globe. However, a significant proportion of these crops, especially cowpea are lost during storage. This is more so the case in Africa where postharvest losses due to the absence of efficient storage for cowpea is alarming: between 30-70 percent. This study, therefore, examined the adoption of improved cowpea storage practices/facilities by cowpea farmers and traders in Nigeria, using Kwara State as case study. The study specifically investigated factors affecting cowpea storage practices. For the study, 180 households involved in cowpea storage activities were selected across the study area and interviewed. Data analysis tools were the descriptive statistics and logistic regression tools. The descriptive statistics was employed to analyse the socio-economics and cowpea storage practices of respondents, while the logistic regression tool was used to identify factors affecting respondents’ likelihood to adopt popular improved cowpea storage technique ‘crib’ in the study area. The study results indicate that most of the respondents have not had any form of formal education. The common storage agro-chemicals used by the respondents were actellic liquid, actellic dust, and phostoxin. Crop storage practices identified in the study area were the traditional ones, involving the use of old drums, jute bags, earthen pots, gourds and rhumbus. The improved/modern storage practices identified comprised the use of cribs and a handful patronage of public silos. Logistic regression results showed that the perception of respondents about storage pest as threats to their crops, their household size, and credit availability variables are significant at 5 percent level, implying that these variables determine respondents’ likelihood to adopt the crib storage technique for their cowpea. However, the type of education whether formal or informal acquired by the respondents’ variable is insignificant and therefore, does not determine respondents’ likelihood to adopt the crib storage technique for their crops. Factor identified as constraints to efficient storage practices were inadequate credit facilities, high costs of and poor access to improved storage facilities. The study, therefore, concludes that there is an urgent need for the provision of credit facilities to cowpea farmers and grain traders alike, subsidy on improved storage facilities and ease of access to the improved storage facilities DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20079 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 47-57, March 2014

Genetic and Epigenetic landscape of leukocyte infiltration identifies an immune prognosticator in lung adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Seema Khadirnaikar ◽  
Annesha Chatterjee ◽  
Sudhanshu Kumar Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Leukocyte Infiltration ◽  
Clinical Genetic ◽  
Factors Affecting

BACKGROUND: Leukocyte infiltration plays an critical role in outcome of various diseases including Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). OBJECTIVES: To understand the genetic and epigenetic factors affecting leukocyte infiltration and identification and validation of immune based biomarkers. METHOD: Correlation analysis was done to get the associations of the factors. CIBERSORT analysis was done for immune cell infiltration. Genetic and epigenetic analysis were performed. Cox regression was carried out for survival. RESULTS: We categorized the TCGA-LUAD patients based on Leukocyte fraction (LF) and performed extensive immunogenomic analysis. Interestingly, we showed that LF has a negative correlation with copy number variation (CNV) but not with mutational load. However, several individual genetic mutations, including KRAS and KEAP1, were significantly linked with LF. Also, as expected, patients with high LF showed significantly increased expression of genes involved in leukocyte migration and activation. DNA methylation changes also showed a strong association with LF and regulated a significant proportion of genes associated with LF. We also developed and validated an independent prognostic immune signature using the top six prognostic genes associated with LF. CONCLUSION: Together, we have identified clinical, genetic, and epigenetic variations associated with LUAD LF and developed an immune gene-based signature for disease prognostication.

The role of personal value preferences in predicting army stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S360-S360
Author(s):  
E. Tartakovsky ◽  
N. Rofe
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
Security Values ◽  
The Face ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Army Service ◽  
The Military ◽  
Value Preferences

BackgroundThe military is a stressful environment, and many service persons experience army stress. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors affecting army stress and stress resiliency.ObjectiveThe present study examines the connections between personal value preferences and army stress, applying the value congruency paradigm.MethodMale soldiers serving in three combat units in the Israeli Defense Forces participated in the study (n = 257).ResultsThe results obtained demonstrated that personal value preferences explained a significant proportion of the variance in army stress beyond the socio-demographic variables. A lower stress level was associated with a higher preference for the values of societal security, conformity, achievement, and universalism, and with a lower preference for the face and personal security values.ConclusionsThe research promotes our understanding of the relationships between general motivational goals expressed in personal value preferences and stress in the military context. In addition, the results obtained indicate the possible relevance of using values for selecting and preparing recruits who will most likely adjust well to the army framework. Finally, some value-oriented interventions that may be used for promoting the soldiers’ psychological adjustment during their army service are suggested.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

HYGIENIC INFLUENCE OF PRODUCTION FACTORS ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DERMATOSES IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT WORKERS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Karpova ◽  
◽  
V.A. Semenikhin ◽  
B.A. Balandovich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Transport Workers

Abstract: Introduction. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to look for new approaches to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases in the working population. Study objective. To study the hygienic influence of harmful and dangerous factors of the working environment and the severity of the labor process on the structure of the general dermatological morbidity in railway transport workers who ensure the safety of train traffic in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. The complex of harmful production factors affecting railway transport workers was studied according to the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of the working conditions of employees of the Altai region of the West Siberian Railway of JSC "Russian Railways". The structure of the general dermatological morbidity was studied according to the statistical coupons of outpatient patients who applied to a dermatovenerologist in the CHUZ " CB "Russian Railways-Medicine" Barnaul for the period 2019-2020. Results. The conducted complex of hygienic, epidemiological and statistical studies showed that the combined impact of chemical, meteorological, physical, biological harmful production factors and the severity of the labor process (class 3.1-3.5) in railway transport workers who ensure the safety of train traffic leads to the development of such production-related skin diseases as contact dermatitis and psoriasis. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, skin infections (62.8%) predominate over non-infectious dermatoses in the structure of the total dermatological morbidity. The share of primary morbidity increased to 90.8%. The first rank is occupied by pyoderma (47.5%), the second – allergodermatoses (20.0%), the third – mycoses (11.6%). Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic leads to changes in the epidemiological and clinical features of dermatoses in the working population, which must be taken into account in their prevention, diagnosis and treatment.

Job motivation and some factors affecting job motivation of office and support staffs at Dong Thap General hospital in 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Quynh Pham ◽  
◽  
Minh Tuan Le ◽  
Thanh Phung ◽  
Thi Huyen Chang Pham
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Job Motivation ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Intrinsic Job Satisfaction

The study was conducted with 02 objectives to describe and analyze some factors affecting the motivation of office and support staffs working at Dong Thap General Hospital in 2017. The research design is cross-sectional, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Research results show that, the motivation average score of office and support staffs with the general motivation; burnout; job satisfaction; intrinsic job satisfaction; organizational commitment; conscientiousness; timeliness and attendance oscillate from 2.91 to 3.5. The motivation average score of office and support staffs with burnout is lowest and the motivation average score of office and support staffs with conscientiousness is highest. Some factors affecting the motivation of office and support staffs are income policies; training opportunities; satisfaction of colleagues and managers; working environment; equipment and facilities. The research results provide evidence to help the Board of Directors to develop solutions to improve the motivation of office and support staffs in the future. Keywords: job motivation, office and support staffs, hospital.

Problematising Adults-Students pro-environmental Behaviour in Nginda Ward of Embu North Sub-County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
Francis Rutere Njeru
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Donor Agencies

This research examined pro-environmental behaviour between adults and youths in Nginda ward, Embu north sub County. The research relied on two theories, theory of planned action and theory of pro-social behaviour. The research followed a descriptive design. Data were collected using questionnaires with closed and open-ended questions. The researcher administered questionnaires in person, and filled the entire questionnaire according to the participant’s responses. In total 245 participants comprising, 124 adults (comprising men and women), 121 form three students drawn from Muvandory, Rugumu and St. Alphose day Secondary Schools, and 58 standard seven pupils from Rugumu, Muvandory and ST. Francis primary schools were involved in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise data and compare responses between groups. Differences in pro-environmental behaviour between adults and school children were examined to determine if the differences were statistically significant. A total of fourteen environmental problems were mentioned by participants to be prevalent in Nginda ward. The top three environmental problems mostly mentioned by participants included deforestation, water pollution and air pollution. The findings of this research can guide interventions by government and donor agencies seeking to mobilise and engage participation by both students and adults to combat environmental problems in Nginda ward. Future studies are needed to find out whether the scale will produce similar result in other group in this community which include business community, factory workers and eatery owners

Examining User Switch between Mobile Stores

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Switching Behavior ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Alternative Attractiveness

Retaining users and curbing their switching behavior are critical issues for mobile stores. Drawing on the push-pull-mooring (PPM) model, this research identified the factors affecting user switches between mobile stores. The push factors include dissatisfaction with system quality, information quality and service quality. The pull factor is alternative attractiveness. The mooring factors include switching costs and social influence. The results indicated that user switches receive influences from all three kinds of factors. Hence mobile stores need to be concerned with the effects of push, pull and mooring factors in order to curb users' switching behavior.

scholarly journals The Effects of Picking Up Primary School Pupils on Surrounding Street’s Traffic: A Case Study in Hanoi

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Dinh Hiep ◽  
Vu V. Huy ◽  
Teppei Kato ◽  
Aya Kojima ◽  
Hisashi Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Almost All

Introduction: One of the significant characteristics of schools in Vietnam is that almost all parents send their children to school and/or pick up their children from school using private vehicles (motorcycles). The parents usually stop and park their vehicle on streets outside the school gates, which can lead to serious congestion and increases the likelihood of traffic accidents. Methods: The objective of this study is to find out factors affecting the picking up of pupils at primary school by evaluating the typical primary schools in Hanoi city. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine factors that influence the decision of picking up pupils and the waiting duration of parents. The behavior of motorcyclists during the process of picking up pupils at the primary school gate has been identified and analyzed in detail by the Kinovea software. Results and Discussion: The study showed that, on the way back home, almost all parents use motorbikes (89.15%) to pick up their children. During their waiting time (8.48 minutes in average), they made a lot of illegal parking actions on the street there by, causing a lot of “cognitive” errors and “crash” points surrounding in front of the primary school entrance gate. Risky picking-up behaviors were significantly observed, i.e. picking-up on opposite side of the school, making a U-turn, backing-up dangerously, parking on the middle of street, and parking on the street next to sidewalk). Conclusion: Based on the analyzed results, several traffic management measures have been suggested to enhance traffic safety and reduce traffic congestion in front of school gates. In addition, the results of the study will provide a useful reference for policymakers and authorities.

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