scholarly journals Disorder or Reorder? The Spatial Production of State-Level New Areas in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhuang ◽  
Chao Ye
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
State Level ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
New Town ◽  
Spatial Production ◽  
Expansion Pattern ◽  
Reform And Opening Up

With rapid urbanization in the world, new town construction has become prosperous. In particular, new emerging towns in China are unique because of the most significant movement of “building cities”. Over four decades of reform and opening-up, this movement has brought about a special development model known as State-level New Area (SLNA) which, like a new town, is causing a growth spurt in national and regional economic development. By applying the critical theory of production of space, this paper gives an overall analysis. SLNAs generate a new expansion pattern of urban space in the regionalization process dominated by governments. To reveal the spatiotemporal evolution logic of SLNA, the framework identifies the main characteristics contributing to spatial production: both bottom-up and top-down project on construction; a sharp and unordered trend of increment in time scale; an unbalanced regional distribution in the sequential order of “Eastern–Western–Northeastern–Central” among regions; complex spatial overlaying with different development zones and administrative divisions; and large-scale spatial expanding. This paper finds that the ongoing growth of SLNAs is a rapid process of spatial production with more contradictions, which is especially marked by tension between disorder and reorder. We hope to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the sustainable urbanization and orderly regional development of SLNAs.

scholarly journals A Satellite Town Development for Ambad MIDC Nashik

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1669-1675
Author(s):  
Ar. Nikita Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
New Town ◽  
Town Development ◽  
Space Limit ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Study

Abstract: The concept of a satellite town is not a new one in India. Many efforts were made during the British era, and following independence, the Indian government made large-scale initiatives through policies, acts, and corporate partnerships. As is well acknowledged, India is experiencing rapid urbanization, resulting in city expansion and pseudo-urbanization due to land constraints. As a result, the satellite town concept must be implemented in order to develop new urban space, limit city boundaries, maximize land utilization, and raise the livability index of the city in order to attract investment. The study takes a multi-level approach, including a review of the literature, policies to better understand parameters, the identification of a new town site, and mitigation techniques. Following the identification of the area, a qualitative and quantitative study involving sampling, area-based observation, and public engagement was used to profile socioeconomic status. Chunchale village was chosen for the study, and it was discovered that this region has farm land on entire site. And can easily convert in NA land and use for proposal. In proposal most of the land will be proposed for residential as well as infrastructure purpose, as the project is dedicated to people working in Ambad MIDC for their occupation purpose. Based on area-based observation, the surrounding area appears to be ideal for commercial use too. It is suggested that a commercial hub be created near the rehab facility to stimulate the local economy and provide work opportunities for people. As land value rises and infilling area develops, such development also helps the surrounding area's development. Keywords: Satellite town, Redevelopment, Mix Land used, urban renewal policies, spatial planning, socio economic analysis

Localizing the Production of Global Cities: A Comparison of New Town Developments around Shanghai and Kolkata

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangming Chen ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
Ratoola Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
The State ◽  
New Town ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
New City

This article investigates the role played by the state in the production and management of urban space vis–à–vis global agents of change. the proliferation of new towns and special economic zones as urban restructuring strategies in rapidly developing countries like China and India are receiving much attention from the scholarly community, documenting and interrogating urban transitions from centralized planning to more participatory and often privatized modes of decentralized planning. This article seeks to tease out the kinds of relationships between the state and other urban development actors it entails, ranging from conflict to collaboration, from protest to partnerships, and from contestation to collaboration. in the Shanghai Metropolitan context, we focus on Anting New Town and Songjiang New City as two cases for understanding the relative power of the municipal government, global capital, professional planning, and the limited influence of local residents in the process and outcome of large–scale suburban development. as a comparison, we focus on the West Bengal State government's role in the development of two new townships (Rajarhat New Town and the Kolkata West International City) on the fringes of the existing core city of Kolkata (Calcutta), India. Drawing on a number of secondary sources such as development plans, newspaper articles, field–based observations, and informal discussions and interviews with official town planners, architects, and private planners, our goal is to compare and contrast the two strategies foregrounding the practices and the relationship of the state to the forces of privatization and globalization, to local grassroots actors and the precarious as well as multifarious ways in which it seeks to constantly negotiate with the dynamics of development. It seeks to answer: what kind of challenges does the state face in reorganizing the urban? Who are the other actors involved in the negotiations and exclusions, contestations, and collaborations? What are the new sociospatial, economic, and political boundaries and contents of the spaces produced?

Technology of Preventing the Metro Tunnel Disaster Caused by Overhead Excavation in Underground Space

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 2422-2425
Author(s):  
Chen Liu ◽  
Ji Chao Zhang ◽  
Ke Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Underground Space ◽  
Subway Tunnel ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
New Town ◽  
Space Effect ◽  
Metro Tunnel

Rapid urbanization process brings large-scale excavation engineering and subway tunnel in city. Especially ,some excavations are just above the subway tunnel with almost no distance between the excavations and the subway. How to effectively reduce the deformation of tunnel becomes a subject worthy of researching. Based on the underground space in Zhujiang New Town which would be constructed cross metro tunnel, protecting technology has been proposed to guarantee the metro tunnel’s safety by application of time and space effect, which could benefit the following similar projects.

scholarly journals Analysis of 220 Years of Floodplain Population Dynamics in the US at Different Spatial Scales

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Firoza Akhter ◽  
Maurizio Mazzoleni ◽  
Luigia Brandimarte
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
The Us ◽  
Over Time

In this study, we explore the long-term trends of floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales in the contiguous United States (U.S.). We exploit different types of datasets from 1790–2010—i.e., decadal spatial distribution for the population density in the US, global floodplains dataset, large-scale data of flood occurrence and damage, and structural and nonstructural flood protection measures for the US. At the national level, we found that the population initially settled down within the floodplains and then spread across its territory over time. At the state level, we observed that flood damages and national protection measures might have contributed to a learning effect, which in turn, shaped the floodplain population dynamics over time. Finally, at the county level, other socio-economic factors such as local flood insurances, economic activities, and socio-political context may predominantly influence the dynamics. Our study shows that different influencing factors affect floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales. These facts are crucial for a reliable development and implementation of flood risk management planning.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Road Network Congestion Pattern Analysis and Prediction Using Deep Convolutional Autoencoder

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5108
Author(s):  
Navin Ranjan ◽  
Sovit Bhandari ◽  
Pervez Khan ◽  
Youn-Sik Hong ◽  
Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Prediction Algorithm ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Convolutional Autoencoder

The transportation system, especially the road network, is the backbone of any modern economy. However, with rapid urbanization, the congestion level has surged drastically, causing a direct effect on the quality of urban life, the environment, and the economy. In this paper, we propose (i) an inexpensive and efficient Traffic Congestion Pattern Analysis algorithm based on Image Processing, which identifies the group of roads in a network that suffers from reoccurring congestion; (ii) deep neural network architecture, formed from Convolutional Autoencoder, which learns both spatial and temporal relationships from the sequence of image data to predict the city-wide grid congestion index. Our experiment shows that both algorithms are efficient because the pattern analysis is based on the basic operations of arithmetic, whereas the prediction algorithm outperforms two other deep neural networks (Convolutional Recurrent Autoencoder and ConvLSTM) in terms of large-scale traffic network prediction performance. A case study was conducted on the dataset from Seoul city.

scholarly journals Impact of air–sea coupling on the climate change signal over the Iberian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba de la Vara ◽  
William Cabos ◽  
Dmitry V. Sein ◽  
Claas Teichmann ◽  
Daniela Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Climate Change Signal ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this work we use a regional atmosphere–ocean coupled model (RAOCM) and its stand-alone atmospheric component to gain insight into the impact of atmosphere–ocean coupling on the climate change signal over the Iberian Peninsula (IP). The IP climate is influenced by both the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean sea. Complex interactions with the orography take place there and high-resolution models are required to realistically reproduce its current and future climate. We find that under the RCP8.5 scenario, the generalized 2-m air temperature (T2M) increase by the end of the twenty-first century (2070–2099) in the atmospheric-only simulation is tempered by the coupling. The impact of coupling is specially seen in summer, when the warming is stronger. Precipitation shows regionally-dependent changes in winter, whilst a drier climate is found in summer. The coupling generally reduces the magnitude of the changes. Differences in T2M and precipitation between the coupled and uncoupled simulations are caused by changes in the Atlantic large-scale circulation and in the Mediterranean Sea. Additionally, the differences in projected changes of T2M and precipitation with the RAOCM under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios are tackled. Results show that in winter and summer T2M increases less and precipitation changes are of a smaller magnitude with the RCP4.5. Whilst in summer changes present a similar regional distribution in both runs, in winter there are some differences in the NW of the IP due to differences in the North Atlantic circulation. The differences in the climate change signal from the RAOCM and the driving Global Coupled Model show that regionalization has an effect in terms of higher resolution over the land and ocean.

Conservation of animal genetic resources: approaches and technologies for in situ and ex situ conservation

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Woolliams ◽  
O. Matika ◽  
J. Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
The Face ◽  
Livestock Products

SummaryLivestock production faces major challenges through the coincidence of major drivers of change, some with conflicting directions. These are:1. An unprecedented global change in demands for traditional livestock products such as meat, milk and eggs.2. Large changes in the demographic and regional distribution of these demands.3. The need to reduce poverty in rural communities by providing sustainable livelihoods.4. The possible emergence of new agricultural outputs such as bio-fuels making a significant impact upon traditional production systems.5. A growing awareness of the need to reduce the environmental impact of livestock production.6. The uncertainty in the scale and impact of climate change. This paper explores these challenges from a scientific perspective in the face of the large-scale and selective erosion of our animal genetic resources, and concludes thai there is a stronger and more urgent need than ever before to secure the livestock genetic resources available to humankind through a comprehensive global conservation programme.

scholarly journals UVLens

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Longbiao Chen ◽  
Chenhui Lu ◽  
Fangxu Yuan ◽  
Zhihan Jiang ◽  
Leye Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Village ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Real World Datasets ◽  
Urban Villages

Urban villages refer to the residential areas lagging behind the rapid urbanization process in many developing countries. These areas are usually with overcrowded buildings, high population density, and low living standards, bringing potential risks of public safety and hindering the urban development. Therefore, it is crucial for urban authorities to identify the boundaries of urban villages and estimate their resident and floating populations so as to better renovate and manage these areas. Traditional approaches, such as field surveys and demographic census, are time consuming and labor intensive, lacking a comprehensive understanding of urban villages. Against this background, we propose a two-phase framework for urban village boundary identification and population estimation. Specifically, based on heterogeneous open government data, the proposed framework can not only accurately identify the boundaries of urban villages from large-scale satellite imagery by fusing road networks guided patches with bike-sharing drop-off patterns, but also accurately estimate the resident and floating populations of urban villages with a proposed multi-view neural network model. We evaluate our method leveraging real-world datasets collected from Xiamen Island. Results show that our framework can accurately identify the urban village boundaries with an IoU of 0.827, and estimate the resident population and floating population with R2 of 0.92 and 0.94 respectively, outperforming the baseline methods. We also deploy our system on the Xiamen Open Government Data Platform to provide services to both urban authorities and citizens.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Topographic Changes and Land Subsidence Associated with the Mountain Excavation and City Construction on the Chinese Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1556
Author(s):  
Chuanhao Pu ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Kuanyao Zhao ◽  
Yanan Jiang ◽  
Lina Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Large Scale Land ◽  
The Chinese Loess Plateau

A mega project, Mountain Excavation and City Construction (MECC), was launched in the hilly and gully region of the Chinese Loess Plateau in 2012, in order to address the shortage of available land and create new flat land for urban construction. However, large-scale land creation and urban expansion significantly alters the local geological environment, leading to severe ground deformation. This study investigated the topographic changes, ground deformation, and their interactions due to the MECC project in the Yan’an New District (YND). First, new surface elevations were generated using ZiYuan-3 (ZY-3) stereo images acquired after the construction in order to map the local topographic changes and the fill thickness associated with the MECC project. Then, the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series and 32 Sentinel-1A images were used to assess the spatial patterns of the ground deformation in the YND during the postconstruction period (2017–2018). By combining the InSAR-derived results and topographic change features, the relationship between the ground deformation and large-scale land creation was further analyzed. The results indicated that the MECC project in the YND has created over 22 km2 of flat land, including 10.8 km2 of filled area, with a maximum fill thickness of ~110 m. Significant uneven ground deformation was detected in the land-creation area, with a maximum subsidence rate of approximately 121 mm/year, which was consistent with the field survey. The strong correlation between the observed subsidence patterns and the land creation project suggested that this recorded uneven subsidence was primarily related to the spatial distribution of the filling works, along with the changes in the thickness and geotechnical properties of the filled loess; moreover, rapid urbanization, such as road construction, can accelerate the subsidence process. These findings can guide improvements in urban planning and the mitigation of geohazards in regions experiencing large-scale land construction.

What determines a boundary for navigating a complex street network: evidence from London taxi drivers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Griesbauer ◽  
Ed Manley ◽  
Daniel McNamee ◽  
Jeremy Morley ◽  
Hugo Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Efficient Planning ◽  
Regent's Park ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Spatial boundaries play an important role in defining spaces, structuring memory and supporting planning during navigation. Recent models of hierarchical route planning use boundaries to plan efficiently first across regions and then within regions. However, it remains unclear which structures (e.g. parks, rivers, major streets, etc.) will form salient boundaries in real-world cities. This study tested licensed London taxi drivers, who are unique in their ability to navigate London flexibly without physical navigation aids. They were asked to indicate streets they considered as boundaries for London districts or dividing areas. It was found that agreement on boundary streets varied considerably, from some boundaries providing almost no consensus to some boundaries consistently noted as boundaries. Examining the properties of the streets revealed that a key factor in the consistent boundaries was the near rectilinear nature of the designated region (e.g. Mayfair and Soho) and the distinctiveness of parks (e.g. Regent's Park). Surprisingly, the River Thames was not consistently considered as a boundary. These findings provide insight into types of environmental features that lead to the perception of explicit boundaries in large-scale urban space. Because route planning models assume that boundaries are used to segregate the space for efficient planning, these results help make predictions of the likely planning demands of different routes in such complex large-scale street networks. Such predictions could be used to highlight information used for navigation guidance applications to enable more efficient hierarchical planning and learning of large-scale environments.

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