Development of thermally stable and hygienic colored cotton fabric made by treatment with natural coconut shell extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Teli ◽  
Pintu Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index

As far as the value addition of textile is concerned, flame retardancy of textile materials is considered to be one of the most important properties in textile finishing by both industries as well as academic researchers. Flame-retardant property with thermal stability was imparted to cotton by using green coconut ( Cocos nucifera Linn) shell extract, a natural waste source of coconut. Coconut shell extract was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry and its phytochemical analysis was also carried out. The coconut shell extract (acidic after extraction) was applied in three different pH (acidic, neutral, and alkaline) conditions to the cotton fabric. Flame-retardant properties of the untreated and the treated cotton fabrics were analyzed by limiting oxygen index and vertical flammability. The study showed that all the treated fabrics had good flame resistance property compared to that of the untreated fabric. The limiting oxygen index value was found to increase by 72.2% after application of the coconut shell extract from alkaline pH. Pyrolysis and char formation behavior of the concerned fabrics were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric analysis in a nitrogen atmosphere. The physicochemical composition of the untreated and coconut shell extract treated cotton fabrics were analyzed by attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Also, treated cotton fabric showed natural brown color and antibacterial property against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The durability of the flame-retardant functionality to washing with soap solution has also been studied and reported in this paper.

Flammability and thermal properties of cotton fabrics modified with a novel flame retardant containing triazine and phosphorus components

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1367-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaohong Dong ◽  
Zhou Lu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Ping Zhu ◽  
Xuechao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Index Value

A novel formaldehyde-free flame retardant containing phosphorus and dichlorotriazine components (CTAP) for cotton fabrics was synthesized. As an active group, the dichlorotriazine could react with cotton fabric via covalent reaction. The addition of 20.7 wt% CTAP into the cotton fabric obtained a high limiting oxygen index value of 31.5%, which was 13.5% higher than the pure cotton fabric. The results of heat release rate, total heat release and effective heat combustion indicated that CTAP effectively imparted flame retardancy to cotton fabric by the cone calorimetry test. With respect to the untreated cotton fabrics, the treated cotton fabrics degraded at lower decomposition temperature and form a consistent and compact char layer, which could be observed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Compared to the untreated cotton fabrics, CTAP performed an effective role in flame retardancy for treated cotton fabrics. Meanwhile, it stimulated the formation of char and promoted the thermal stability of treated cotton fabrics during combustion.

scholarly journals Microwave Assisted Preparation of Flame Resistant Cotton Using Economic Inorganic Materials

Fibers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeChin Chang ◽  
Brian Condon ◽  
Jade Smith
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Microscale Combustion Calorimeter ◽  
Combustion Calorimeter

Innovative approaches for preparing flame retardant cotton fabrics were employed by utilizing a microwave-assisted technique with a minimum amount of co-solvent. Our attempts at flame retardant cotton fabrics treated with low cost inorganic formulations, such as urea and diammonium phosphate, were done successfully. The evidence of flame retardant chemical penetrations or surface modification of cotton fabrics was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the treated cotton fabrics were evaluated by flammability tests, such as 45° angle (clothing textiles test), vertical flame (clothing textile test) and limiting oxygen index (LOI). For formulations with urea only, LOI values of treated fabrics were 21.0–22.0% after add-on values for the formulation were 5.16–18.22%. For formulations comprising urea with diammonium phosphate, LOI values were greater than 29.0% after add-on values for the formulation were 1.85–7.73%. With the formulation comprising urea and diammonium phosphate, all treated fabrics passed the vertical flame test for add-on values 5.34–7.73%. Their char lengths were less than half the length of the original fabric and after-flame and after-glow times were less than 3.2 s. Additional thermal properties of desired products will be discussed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC).

Interaction of Flame-Retardant and Untreated Cotton Fabrics during Burning

1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Hobart ◽  
Charles H. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Transfer Effect ◽  
Geometrical Configuration ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Flame Retarded

Transfer of flame retardancy from fabric treated with THPOH-NH3 to untreated cotton fabric during burning was observed on fabric samples sewed together with glass thread. The transfer effect was evidenced by the development of substantial char and the presence of phosphorus and nitrogen in the char of the untreated fabric. Oxygen-index determinations on multilayered combinations of flame-retarded (FR) and untreated fabrics also supported this observation. The extent of FR transfer varied with the geometrical configuration of the layers and the FR add-on. Tests showed that smoke from combustion of THPOH-NH3-treated fabric, passed through untreated cotton fabric, was the means of transfer of phosphorus, nitrogen, and flame retardancy. The FR transfer effect was also demonstrated for several other phosphorus-containing flame-retardancy treatments.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soluble Ammonium Polyphosphate on the Properties of Water Blown Semirigid Polyurethane Foams

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Yao ◽  
Hanmo Wang ◽  
Dongbo Guan ◽  
Tao Fu ◽  
Tianqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Flame Retardant Property ◽  
Blowing Agent

Soluble ammonium polyphosphate (SAPP) is employed to prepare flame retardant semirigid polyurethane foam (SPUF) using water as blowing agent. The flame retardant property of SPUF is evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and horizontal burning test. Also the thermal degradation mechanism is studied by TG and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The results show that, with the increase of the content of SAPP, flame retardant property of SPUF improves obviously as the LOI value increases and the horizontal burning rate decreases. And residual char is increased up to 20% with 19 wt% SAPP. Moreover, the mechanical property of SPUF is enhanced dramatically.

scholarly journals Effect of plasma grafting with Hexamethyldisiloxane on comfort and flame resistance of cotton fabric

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (02) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
RIADH ZOUAR ◽  
SONDES GARGOUBI ◽  
Emilia Visileanu
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Clothing Industry ◽  
Plasma Technology ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasma Grafting ◽  
The Media

We investigated the potential of atmospheric plasma technology to enhance the properties of textile material against flame propagation before and after washing. The effects of this treatment on the rigidification of the media were also determined using draping and bending stiffness tests. We showed that deposing Silicone molecules on cotton fabrics leads to flame retardant cotton with a conservation of the whole structure after burning. Moreover, washing of the sample evidenced high permanency of the thin grafted coating against chemical domestic washing detergent. Nevertheless, comfort properties of the textile decrease, which limits the applications of the plasma eco-friendly technology in the clothing industry.

scholarly journals New Formulations of Flame-retardant Flexible Polyvinylchloride Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-587
Author(s):  
Alina Elena Coman ◽  
Augusta Raluca Gabor ◽  
Sergiu Stoian ◽  
Cristian Andi Nicolae ◽  
Valentin Raditoiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Alumina Trihydrate

The composition of electrical wires and cables is of critical importance in controlling fire risks. In this respect, polyvinylchloride (PVC) composites are extensively used. Yet, PVC composites are multiple systems in which the final properties depend on the nature and size of the reinforcement or flame-retardant agent and the type of lubricant used for their preparation. Thereby, in this study two series of PVC composites, with stearic acid and calcium stearate as lubricants were prepared in parallel, and additivated with various commercial minerals as reinforcement/flame retardant agents, such as calcium carbonate, alumina trihydrate (ATH) and HMH (a mineral of hydromagnesite and huntite). Following the structure (by FT-infrared), thermal behavior (thermal analyses and differential scanning calorimetry) and mechanical properties (dynamic mechanical analyses, tensile strength and elongation at break) of PVC composites, the flame-retardant effect of the selected minerals was investigated by measuring the limiting oxygen index (LOI). Only ATH and HMH-based composites presented higher flame-resistance, relative to the control samples, making them suitable for the proposed application. The contact angle was evaluated for determining the hydrophobicity of composites when using ATH or HMH, to get an opinion about the stability of the materials in moist environments. Finally, SEM was used to determine the homogeneity of PVC samples.

scholarly journals Imparting flame resistance to citric acid–modified cotton fabrics using DNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 155892502092221
Author(s):  
Qiulan Luo ◽  
Pu Gao ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Wen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Carboxyl Content ◽  
Human Needs

Textiles are one of the basic needs of humankind. Although textiles satisfy many human needs, they are implicated in the loss of life and property since many fibers and fabrics are inflammable. Many chemical finishes are applied to improve the flame resistance of textile materials. Unfortunately, most of the flame retardants are synthesized chemically, need large quantities to be used, cause adverse impact on the textiles and also expensive. In this research, a novel approach to using DNA from herring sperm as flame retardant for cotton was explored. Surface of the textiles was modified with citric acid to increase free carboxyl content and hence absorption of DNA. It was observed that DNA was absorbed into the cotton fabrics using chemical adsorption according to the quasi-second-order-kinetic model. Flammability of the cotton before and after the addition of DNA was checked. It was observed the length of fabrics damaged due to flames was only 29 mm compared to the original length of 350 mm. Such a high increase in flame resistance has not been reported for natural materials. In addition, the chemical reaction between DNA and cotton fabric can improve the flame retardant–washing resistance of the finished cotton fabric. In this article, the strategy of using biological macromolecules to flame-retardant fabrics can provide research basis for the design and development of efficient and environmentally friendly flame retardants.

Microwave Assisted Preparation of Self-Extinguishing Cotton Fabrics by Small Molecules Containing Phosphorous and Nitrogen

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
SeChin Chang ◽  
Brian Condon ◽  
Jade Smith
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Flammability Test

Background: New methods for preparing surface modification of flame retardant cotton fabrics were employed by applying a microwave-assisted technique with a minimum amount of co-solvent. Efforts at flame retardant cotton fabrics treated with economic and environmentally friendly flame retardant compounds based on the small molecules piperazine, PN and PNN, were done successfully. Methods and Results: The evidence of flame retardant chemical penetrations or surface modification of cotton fabrics was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the treated cotton fabrics were evaluated by flammability tests, such as 45°angle (clothing textiles test) and limiting Oxygen Index (LOI). Thermogravimetric analysis of all treated cotton fabrics in a nitrogen atmosphere showed high thermal stability, as decomposition occurred between 276.9~291.2°C with 30.5~35.7% residue weight char yield at 600°C. Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) and the 45° angle flammability test were used to determine the efficiency of the flame-retardant treatments on the fabrics. LOI values for control twill fabric showed ~18 vol% oxygen in nitrogen, whereas the highest treatment level had 32 vol%. High add-on treatments with flame retardants also readily passed the 45° angle flammability test. Conclusion: In the Microscale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC) tests, a decline in heat of combustion was shown through the smaller values acquired for THR, HRC and Tmax for all PN and PNN samples.

scholarly journals Flame resistant cellulosic substrate using banana pseudostem sap

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Basak ◽  
Kartick. K. Samanta ◽  
S. Saxena ◽  
S.K. Chattopadhyay ◽  
R. Narkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Flame Retardant Property ◽  
Flammability Test ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Mechanical Strengths

Abstract Flame retardancy was imparted in cellulosic cotton textile using banana pseudostem sap (BPS), an eco-friendly natural product. The extracted sap was made alkaline and applied in pre-mordanted bleached and mercerized cotton fabrics. Flame retardant properties of both the control and the treated fabrics were analysed in terms of limiting oxygen index (LOI), horizontal and vertical flammability. Fabrics treated with the non-diluted BPS were found to have good flame retardant property with LOI of 30 compared to the control fabric with LOI of 18, i.e., an increase of 1.6 times. In the vertical flammability test, the BPS treated fabric showed flame for a few seconds and then, got extinguished. In the horizontal flammability test, the treated fabric showed no flame, but was burning only with an afterglow with a propagation rate of 7.5 mm/min, which was almost 10 times lower than that noted with the control fabric. The thermal degradation and the pyrolysis of the fabric samples were studied using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the chemical composition by FTIR, SEM and EDX, besides the pure BPS being characterized by EDX and mass spectroscopy. The fabric after the treatment was found to produce stable natural khaki colour, and there was no significant degradation in mechanical strengths. Based on the results, the mechanism of imparting flame retardancy to cellulosic textile and the formation of natural colour on it using the proposed BPS treatment have been postulated.

Self-assembled bio-based coatings for flame-retardant and antibacterial polyester–cotton fabrics

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110351
Author(s):  
Zhenlin Jiang ◽  
Youxian Hu ◽  
Keyu Zhu ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Chaosheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Total Heat Release ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Single Function

There are many defects in the post finishing flame-retardant modification of polyester–cotton (CT) fabric, leading to shortcomings such as single function and low flame-retardant efficiency, which still need to be solved urgently. Herein, a bio-based flame-retardant and antibacterial coating consisting of phytic acid and DL-arginine was deposited on CT fabrics using layer-by-layer assembly to obtain a flame-retardant and antibacterial CT fabric. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the assembled coating was successful deposited on the CT fabric. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the number of bilayers had no significant effect on the degradation temperature of the coated CT fabric; however, it significantly improved the charring effect of the sample, wherein the char rate of the CT fabric coated with 20 bilayers increased from 0.11 to 8.67 wt% compared with uncoated CT fabric at 700°C. In addition, the limiting oxygen index of the CT fabric coated with 20 bilayers increased to 32.0 ± 0.3%. Furthermore, the vertical results revealed that the CT fabric coated with five bilayers attained the UL-94 V-1 grade. The heat release rate (HRR) and the total heat release (THR) of the coated CT fabric were significantly decreased compared to those of the uncoated CT fabric. In particular, the HRR and THR of the CT fabric coated with five bilayers reduced by 28.97% and 30.49%, respectively. Furthermore, the coated CT fabric exhibited an obvious antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, and the inhibitory ring increased from 0 to 4.0 mm with an increase in bilayers to 20. This study describes a facile method of flame-retardant and antibacterial modification of CT fabric using biological materials.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document