scholarly journals Landscape Design toward Urban Resilience: Bridging Science and Physical Design Coupling Sociohydrological Modeling and Design Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4666
Author(s):  
Yoonshin Kwak ◽  
Brian Deal ◽  
Grant Mosey
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Planning Support Systems ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Resilient Communities ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Resilient Design

Given that evolving urban systems require ever more sophisticated and creative solutions to deal with uncertainty, designing for resilience in contemporary landscape architecture represents a cross-disciplinary endeavor. While there is a breadth of research on landscape resilience within the academy, the findings of this research are seldom making their way into physical practice. There are existent gaps between the objective, scientific method of scientists and the more intuitive qualitative language of designers and practitioners. The purpose of this paper is to help bridge these gaps and ultimately support an endemic process for more resilient landscape design creation. This paper proposes a framework that integrates analytic research (i.e., modeling and examination) and design creation (i.e., place-making) using processes that incorporate feedback to help adaptively achieve resilient design solutions. Concepts of Geodesign and Planning Support Systems (PSSs) are adapted as part of the framework to emphasize the importance of modeling, assessment, and quantification as part of processes for generating information useful to designers. This paper tests the suggested framework by conducting a pilot study using a coupled sociohydrological model. The relationships between runoff and associated design factors are examined. Questions on how analytic outcomes can be translated into information for landscape design are addressed along with some ideas on how key variables in the model can be translated into useful design information. The framework and pilot study support the notion that the creation of resilient communities would be greatly enhanced by having a navigable bridge between science and practice.

scholarly journals A Study on the Integration of Resilience and Smart City Concepts in Urban Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Anastasia Tzioutziou ◽  
Yiannis Xenidis
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
City Management ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
The Many ◽  
Development And Management

The continuous growth of cities brings out various concerns for improved development and management of the multifaceted urban systems, including those of resilience and smartness. Despite the many significant efforts in the research field, both notions remain changeable, thus retaining the lack of commonly accepted conceptual and terminological frameworks. The paper’s research goals are to designate the current direct and indirect links in the conceptualizations and research trends of the resilience and smart city frameworks and to prove the potential of the conceptual convergence between them in the context of urban systems. The application of a semi-systematic literature review, including bibliometric evidence and followed by content analysis, has led to the observation that as the resilience discourse opens up to embrace other dimensions, including technology, the smart city research turns its interest to the perspective of urban protection. Therefore, both concepts share the goal for urban sustainability realized through specific capacities and processes and operationalized with the deployment of technology. The paper’s findings suggest that the conceptual and operational foundations of these two concepts could support the emergence of an integrated framework. Such a prospect acknowledges the instrumental role of the smart city approach in the pursuit of urban resilience and unfolds a new model for sustainable city management and development.

scholarly journals Resilience of Urban Network Structure in China: The Perspective of Disruption

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Shimei Wei ◽  
Jinghu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Economic Networks ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Location Service ◽  
Popular Subject

In light of the long-term pressure and short-term impact of economic and technological globalization, regional and urban resilience has become an important issue in research. As a new organizational form of regional urban systems, the resilience of urban networks generated by flow space has emerged as a popular subject of research. By gathering 2017 data from the Baidu search index, the Tencent location service, and social statistics, this study constructs information, transportation, and economic networks among 344 cities in China to analyze the spatial patterns of urban networks and explore their structural characteristics from the perspectives of hierarchy and assortativity. Transmissibility and diversity were used to represent the resilience of the network structure in interruption scenarios (node failure and maximum load attack). The results show the following: The information, transportation, and economic networks of cities at the prefecture level and higher in China exhibit a dense pattern of spatial distribution in the east and a sparse pattern in the west; however, there are significant differences in terms of hierarchy and assortativity. The order of resilience of network transmissibility and diversity from strong to weak was information, economic, transportation. Transmissibility and diversity had nearly identical scores in response to the interruption of urban nodes. Moreover, a highly heterogeneous network was more likely to cause shocks to the network structure, owing to its cross-regional urban links in case of disturbance. We identified 12 dominant nodes and 93 vulnerable nodes that can help accurately determine the impetus behind network structure resilience. The capacity of regions for resistance and recovery can be improved by strengthening the construction of emergency systems and risk prevention mechanisms.

Models, Methods, and Metrics to Measure Socioeconomic Resilience

2018 ◽  
pp. 346-367
Author(s):  
Carlos Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Economic Base ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Regional Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indicator Matrix ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter aims to discuss concepts and methods to measure the landscape resilience of urban systems and test the indicators framework in the Portuguese regional context. The objective is to measure the performance and the direction of the urban changes in different phenomena, as well as to evaluate the level of urban systems preparation for a desired and undesired change adaptability. The approach to these issues is analyzed in the literature, dividing the aforementioned analysis into the resilience of the economic base, of the social structure, and of the urban form. In brief, the chapter meets three objectives: firstly, defining the framework of principles more commonly associated with urban resilience; secondly, providing a selection of indicators that embodies the different proposals of measurement; and thirdly, applying the indicator matrix to two Portuguese case studies (Caldas da Rainha and Évora urban systems).

scholarly journals Commentary: Inequality, precarity and sustainable ecosystems as elements of urban resilience

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1588-1595
Author(s):  
W Neil Adger ◽  
Ricardo Safra de Campos ◽  
Tasneem Siddiqui ◽  
Lucy Szaboova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Economic Trends

The science of resilience suggests that urban systems become resilient when they promote progressive transformative change to social and physical infrastructure. But resilience is challenged by global environmental risks and by social and economic trends that create inequality and exclusion. Here we argue that distortionary inequality and precarity undermine social processes that give access to public infrastructure and ecosystems thereby undermining urban resilience. We illustrate how inequality and precarity undermine resilience with reference to social exclusion and insecurity in growing urban settlements in the Asia-Pacific region. Inequality and exposure to environmental risks represent major challenges for governance that can be best overcome through inclusion and giving voice to marginalised populations.

Between Ferality and Resilience: Global (South) Urbanization as a Counterinsurgency Research Object

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Christos Filippidis
Keyword(s):  
Urban Governance ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Global South ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks

Today, urbanization is described as one of the major global challenges. The rapid demographic transformations taking place in certain regions of the Global South — especially in countries of Africa and Southeast Asia — bring a sense of urgency to the discussion on cities. Rapid and uncontrolled urbanization in Global South, combined with social inequalities, poverty and environmental degradation, renders many urban populations vulnerable and precarious. With an emphasis on the urban expansion of the Global South, an international agenda is formed nowadays, focusing on the structural functions of the cities and their shielding against the negative effects of the current global crisis; a crisis taking today the form of an economic, environmental, and migration crisis. Thus, sustainability and resilience of the cities, and especially of those in the Global South, are turned into the key questions of urban planning and urban governance policies. Yet, they are also gradually turned into an object of military problematizations, as Western armed forces are strongly interested today in the urban phenomena and the functions of the cities, perceiving urban environment not only as a potential field of military operations but as a source of irregular threats; describing, in other words, the cities of the Global South not only as sites that host potential enemies but as enemies per se. More specifically, from the end of the 20th century U.S. military focuses on urban informality and its security implications, imposing a new understanding of the urban world. This is today more evident, as rapid demographic changes render urban systems and informal urban settlements in particular more vulnerable, and this vulnerability is directly problematized in public security terms. Through the relevant anti-urban theoretical frameworks, the cities of the Global South are conceived as feral systems that have to be tamed; and this taming calls for direct intervention. Military imposes, in this way, its presence in the field of urban problematizations, and building on the deception of contemporary neoliberal narratives calls today for urban resilience. As the world urbanizes rapidly and the notions of crisis and emergency are shaping the dominant social imaginary and the modern governmental agenda, urban sustainability, adaptability, and resilience are turned into an overall public security issue and eventually into an object of military interest. Hence, when the military theorists wonder how to make contemporary “fragile” urban systems more “resilient”, they actually wonder how to build forcibly resilient subjectivities and impose, after all, resilience and patience against an inescapable oppression.

scholarly journals Assessing Children's Anxiety Using the Modified Short State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Talking Mats: A Pilot Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Nilsson ◽  
Margret Buchholz ◽  
Gunilla Thunberg
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Children’S Anxiety

Background. Preoperative anxiety complicates treatment and requires assessment by nurses in children. Children, with or without disability, are helped when pictures are used to support communication. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the reliability and validity of the modified short State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) using a modified Talking Mats method in children undergoing day surgeries.Method. A modified short STAI with pictorial support along the lines of the Talking Mats method was pre- and postoperatively administered to 42 typically developing children aged three to nine years. The parents assessed the children’s anxiety, simultaneously and independently, by scoring the short STAI by proxy.Results. The modified short STAI showed moderate internal consistency and good construct validity in the age group seven to nine years.Conclusions. The results of this study support the use of the instrument for self-reports in children aged seven to nine years. Future research will explore the possibilities of also using this instrument for children with cognitive and communicative difficulties.

scholarly journals Urban resilience to floods in parts of Makassar, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Meydelin Isani Thoban ◽  
Dyah Rahmawati Hizbaron
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
The Government

Makassar – the largest and fastest growing area in eastern Indonesia – experienced significant number of damages and losses due to recurrent floods. In early 2019, the flood disaster exposed the urbanized area and inundated 1,658 houses and caused 9,328 impacted population. These figures imply that Makassar needs to create concerted efforts to improve its currently low resilience to floods. This study was designed to assess the urban resilience to floods in Makassar to provide the government with reference for evaluation and identify the most contributing factors to the resilience. In this context, resilience was assessed in four urban systems, namely physical, social, economic, and institutional, in every unit of analysis, i.e., flood-affected districts. The research data included building density, green open space, population density, the number of economically disadvantaged households, community’s subsistence funds, and the availability of early warning systems and disaster emergency stations. The physical, social, economic, institutional, and equal scenarios of resilience were modeled using the Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE). The results showed that the districts in Makassar were moderately resilient to floods and that the resilience of each urban system shaped the overall resilience. Tamalate and Rappocini sub districts had the lowest resilience values, whereas Manggala was estimated as the most highly resilient district in several scenarios.

Examining Education’s Effect on Students’ Political Astuteness

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512505150p1-7512505150p1
Author(s):  
Luis Arabit ◽  
Gina Frassetto ◽  
Brandon Fukuda ◽  
Candice Garrett ◽  
Matthew Horwinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Educational Session ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Primary Author

Abstract Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations. In this pretest–posttest pilot study, OT students’ knowledge of and involvement in political processes was assessed using the Political Astuteness Inventory (PAI) before and after an educational session on health policy. The results of the study support using education to improve political astuteness and that the PAI can be used as an outcome measure for programs designed to improve this skill. Primary Author and Speaker: Luis Arabit Additional Authors and Speakers: Gina Frassetto, Brandon Fukuda, and Candice Garrett Contributing Authors: Matthew Horwinski, Jenna Roxanne

scholarly journals EMPLOYER BRAND OF CHOICE: AN EMPLOYEE PERSPECTIVE

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1201-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Bellou ◽  
Ioannis Chaniotakis ◽  
Ioannis Kehagias ◽  
Irini Rigopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Theoretical Base ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Employer Brand ◽  
The Ideal

This study seeks to contribute in the field of the ideal employer, by determining the Employer Brand of Choice and its core components. In doing so, a pilot study was initially conducted to delineate these components. Evidence from 896 working adults that participated in a field study support the multi-dimensionality of the construct Employer Brand of choice, highlighting the role of “Remuneration”, “Relationships”, “Opportunities for Self Development”, “Recognition”, and “Corporate Image”. These findings not only offer a concrete and holistic theoretical base of Employer Brand of Choice, but they can also serve as a managerial guide towards enhancing companies’ ability to attract, retain and motivate talented individuals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document