scholarly journals What Matters for Job Security? Exploring the Relationships among Symbolic, Instrumental Images, and Attractiveness for Corporations in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4854
Author(s):  
Juyeon Oh ◽  
Seunghwan Myeong
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Causal Claim ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Collectivistic Cultures ◽  
Symbolic Image ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the extent to which the symbolic and instrumental images and attractiveness toward an organization are related. This study further focuses on global human resource management and reports findings from two studies: Study 1 uses the data from undergraduate students, and Study 2 cross-validates the findings of Study 1 by using actual data from employees. The distinction of this study from previous works is that the present work focuses on a Korean organizational context (collectivistic cultures) and the differences between the potential applicants and employees in the perception of an organization′s attractiveness. Furthermore, it investigates the relationship between the symbolic and instrumental images toward organizations, unlike existing relative research. The results show that the symbolic and instrumental images are related, and the perceptions of the corporate image differ for the potential applicants and employees in the context of collectivistic cultures. The more competent employees consider their organization to be, the more job security they perceive their organization to provide. Moreover, the symbolic image of being competent is negatively related to the instrumental image of job security. Since this study used cross-sectional data, future studies need to use longitudinal data to establish our model′s causal claim empirically and investigate the underlying reasons behind these differences.

Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Christian ◽  
Kristen M. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

scholarly journals Perceived discrimination and psychological distress among immigrants to Canada: The mediating role of bicultural identity orientations

2021 ◽  
pp. 136843022199008
Author(s):  
Mustafa Firat ◽  
Kimberly A. Noels
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Bicultural Identity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

Bicultural identity orientations have rarely been examined in relation to both perceived discrimination and psychological distress. Furthermore, these constructs have usually been studied in isolation, but their intersection is essential for understanding intercultural relations in multicultural societies. Using cross-sectional data from 1,143 Canadian undergraduate students from immigrant families, this study explored the relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress, and how bicultural identity orientations might mediate this relationship. The structural equation modeling results indicated that perceived discrimination was associated with higher levels of psychological distress and hybrid, monocultural, alternating, and conflicted orientations, but lower levels of complementary orientation. Alternating and conflicted orientations were related to higher psychological distress, whereas the other orientations were not. Alternating and conflicted orientations mediated the relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress, whereas the other orientations did not. The findings are discussed in light of theories on identity integration, rejection–identification, and acculturation.

The optimism-pessimism ratio as predictor of employee creativity: the promise of duality

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arménio Rego ◽  
Miguel Pina e Cunha ◽  
Dálcio Reis Júnior ◽  
Cátia Anastácio ◽  
Moriel Savagnago
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Status ◽  
Single Moment ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Creativity And Innovation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study if the employees’ optimism-pessimism ratio predicts their creativity. Design/methodology/approach In total, 134 employees reported their optimism and pessimism, and the respective supervisors described the employees’ creativity. Findings The relationship between the optimism-pessimism ratio and creativity is curvilinear (inverted U-shaped); beyond a certain level of the optimism-pessimism ratio, the positive relationship between the ratio and creativity weakens, suggesting that the possible positive effects of (high) optimism may be weakened by a very low level of pessimism. Research limitations/implications Being cross-sectional, the study examines neither the causal links between the optimism-pessimism ratio and creativity nor other plausible causal links. The study was carried out at a single moment and did not capture the dynamics that occur over the course of time involving changes in optimism/pessimism and creativity. Future studies may adopt longitudinal or quasi-experimental designs. Practical implications Managers and organizations must consider that, even though positivity promotes creativity, some level of negativity may help positivity to produce creativity. Originality/value This study suggests that scholars who want to study the antecedents of creativity (and innovation) must be cautious in focusing only on the positive or the negative sides of individuals’ characteristics, and rather they must explore the interplay between both poles. Individuals may experience both positive and negative states/traits (Smith et al., 2016), and this both/and approach may impel them to think divergently, to challenge the status quo and to propose “out the box” and useful ideas.

scholarly journals Job demands when exhausted: the relationship between exhaustion and the perception of job demands mediated by self-undermining

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Lucia Rațiu ◽  
Ana-Maria Dobre
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

There is a large body of literature devoted to factors that shape performance in organizations. Although much of this literature focuses on the relationships between job demands, job resources and performance, Bakker and his colleagues (2014; 2018) have recently drawn attention to self-undermining effects that can add support for a deeper understanding of such a relationship. The following contribution explores self-undermining related to exhaustion at work and its mediating role in the perception of three types of job demands in a sample of employees working in IT companies. More specifically, the paper draws on the concept of self-undermining to reflect on how it activates a loss cycle of job demands and potential negative reactions at work. We argue that (i) exhaustion has an indirect effect on the perception of job demands through self-undermining; and so on referring to each dimension of job demands: (ii) exhaustion has an indirect effect on the perception of workload through self-undermining; (iii) exhaustion has an indirect effect on the emotional load through self-undermining; (iv) exhaustion has an indirect effect on the cognitive load through self-undermining. In order to test the hypotheses, a cross-sectional design was employed. The regression analyses revealed that self-undermining mediated the relationship between exhaustion and the perception of workload meeting our expectations, and a significant indirect effect of exhaustion on the perception of job demands and emotional load. However, there is a need for future studies to generalize the results. Finally, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE OF CONSEQUENCES, ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND DRUG CONSUMPTION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN ONE UNIVERSITY IN JAMAICA

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (spe) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fay Williams ◽  
Bruna Brands
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective: determine the prevalence of drug use and to investigate the relationship between knowledge of consequences and drug consumption as well as the relationship between academic performance and drug consumption among university undergraduate students in Jamaica. Method: the study uses a cross sectional design. A total of 250 undergraduate students were selected through a randomized cluster sampling process. A modified survey instrument consisting of over 70 items relating to socio-demographics, knowledge of consequences, drug consumption and academic performance measures was used to test the research question and hypothesis. Results: the findings revealed low levels of drug usage as well as problematic usage, however, there was a weak negative yet statistically significant correlation between the academic performance and alcohol use (r=-.139, p=.028) which suggested that an increase in alcohol usage is associated with reduction in academic performance. The independent T test also revealed a statistically significant difference between those who used alcohol and those who did not use alcohol in the past 12 months based on academic performance. Conclusion: the findings will inform policy decisions regarding drug use and the provision of intervention services. It is recommended that this research should be extended to other universities in Jamaica.

scholarly journals Women’s Pregnancy Life History and Alzheimer’s Risk: Can Immunoregulation Explain the Link?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 516-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Fox ◽  
Carlo Berzuini ◽  
Leslie A. Knapp ◽  
Laura M. Glynn
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Immune Biomarkers ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Pregnancy is associated with improvement in immunoregulation that persists into the geriatric phase. Impaired immunoregulation is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Hence, we investigate the relationship between pregnancy and AD. Methods: Cross-sectional cohort of British women (N = 95). Cox proportional hazards modeling assessed the putative effects of cumulative months pregnant on AD risk and the mutually adjusted effects of counts of first and third trimesters on AD risk. Results: Cumulative number of months pregnant, was associated with lower AD risk (β = −1.90, exp(β) = 0.15, P = .02). Cumulative number of first trimesters was associated with lower AD risk after adjusting for third trimesters (β = −3.83, exp(β) = 0.02, P < .01), while the latter predictor had no significant effect after adjusting for the former. Conclusions: Our observation that first trimesters (but not third trimesters) conferred protection against AD is more consistent with immunologic effects, which are driven by early gestation, than estrogenic exposures, which are greatest in late gestation. Results may justify future studies with immune biomarkers.

Humor Styles, Self-Esteem, and Subjective Happiness

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Yue ◽  
Katy Wing-Yin Liu ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Neelam Arjan Hiranandani
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Subjective Happiness ◽  
Humor Styles ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Subjective Happiness Scale ◽  
Aggressive Humor ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined how humor styles could mediate the effect of self-esteem on subjective happiness. 227 Hong Kong undergraduate students completed the Humor Styles Questionnaire, the Roxsenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the Subjective Happiness Scale. Results showed adaptive humor styles (affiliative humor and self-enhancing humor) significantly predicted self-esteem and subjective happiness and mediated the relationship between self-esteem and subjective happiness. Maladaptive humor styles (aggressive humor and self-defeating humor) did not strongly predict self-esteem or subjective happiness. The mediation effects of humor styles found in the present research provided useful suggestions for future studies.

Examining the Moderator Role of Sleep Quality in the Relationship Among Test Anxiety, Academic Success and Mood

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110252
Author(s):  
Sue K Adams ◽  
Zoe Mushkat ◽  
Jared Minkel
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Moderator Role ◽  
The Relationship

This study explored associations among test anxiety, GPA, sleep quality, and mood in college students. Data were collected from undergraduate students ( N = 316). Results revealed that higher levels of test anxiety and sleep impairment predicted negative mood in undergraduates. Findings suggest that prioritizing sleep could help improve overall mood among students with test anxiety. Future studies should work toward clarifying the complex and reciprocal relationship between sleep and test anxiety.

scholarly journals Sedentary behavior and body composition in children of low-and mid-income countries: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Guerra ◽  
Evelyn Helena Corgosinho Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Carolina Barco Leme ◽  
Jorge Mota ◽  
José Cazuza Farias Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Television Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

This study reviewed the relationship between sedentary behavior (SB) and body composition in children and adolescents from low-and-mid income countries (LMIC). A systematic review was developed through manual and electronic searches in eight databases. Were included observational studies conducted in LMIC, with children and adolescents from three to 19 years. As results, 39 original articles were found (37 cross-sectional, 1 case control study and 1 cohort), which in all presented 75 analyzes, most of them based on screen behaviors (n = 71; 94.7%). At all, 15 of 25 analyses showed risk associations between SB and unfavorable body composition. When focusing on the dose of sedentary behavior, risk associations were verified in distinct cut of points: 1h/d (3 of 3 analyses); 2h/d (9 of 16); 3h/d (2 of 5); 4h/d (4 of 5) and 5h/d (3 of 6). Television time was the SB type most frequently associated as risk in all categories. In conclusion, recognition of these associations is important both to support future studies and for its dissemination in preventive messages in the population of interest. Also, further longitudinal studies are necessary for narrowing the casual relationships between the variables.

scholarly journals Lutein and zeaxanthin: The possible contribution, mechanisms of action and implications of modern dietary intake for cognitive development in children.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Loskutova ◽  
Kajal Shah ◽  
Ian D. Flitcroft ◽  
Annalisa Setti ◽  
John S. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Studies suggest that lutein and zeaxanthin may be important for cognitive development in children, but a comprehensive evidence synthesis is lacking. The purpose of this evidence synthesis was to analyse the available data regarding the role of lutein and zeaxanthin for cognition in children and propose a theoretical basis for future studies.Methods:The PubMed, Scopus, the ISRCTN registry and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies that evaluated the relationship between lutein and zeaxanthin and cognitive function in children. Reference list and ancestry searches were performed on relevant articles. A total of 543 articles were identified, of which six cross-sectional studies were included.Results:The literature search revealed that the evidence concerning the effect of lutein and zeaxanthin on cognition in children is sparse. However, there is some preliminary evidence indicating a positive association between lutein and zeaxanthin and cognition in childhood.Conclusions:The cross-sectional nature of the few studies available and the lack of RCT data indicates a need for further investigation before any firm conclusions can be drawn.

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