scholarly journals Ultrasonic or Microwave Cascade Treatment of Medicinal Plant Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12849
Author(s):  
Vasile Staicu ◽  
Cristina Luntraru ◽  
Ioan Calinescu ◽  
Ciprian Gabriel Chisega-Negrila ◽  
Mircea Vinatoru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Licorice Root ◽  
Lignin Concentration ◽  
Degradation Study ◽  
Lignocellulosic Wastes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Willow Bark ◽  
Soluble Lignin

In this study, we present a strategy for valorizing lignocellulosic wastes (licorice root and willow bark) that result from industrial extraction of active principles using water as green solvent and aqueous NaOH solution. The wastes were submitted to severe ultrasound (US) and microwave (MW) treatments. The aim of these treatments was to extract the remaining active principles (using water as a solvent) or to prepare them for cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis to hexoses (performed in an NaOH aqueous solution). The content of glycyrrhizic acid and salicin derivatives in licorice root and willow bark wastes, respectively, were determined. The best results for licorice root were achieved by applying the US treatment for 5 min at 25 °C (26.6 mg glycyrrhizic acid/gDM); while, for willow bark, the best results were achieved by applying the MW treatment for 30 min at 120 °C (19.48 mg salicin/gDM). A degradation study of the targeted compounds was also performed and showed good stability of glycyrrhizic acid and salicin derivatives under US and MW treatments. The soluble lignin concentration prior to enzymatic hydrolysis, as well as the saccharide concentration of the hydrolyzed solution, were determined. As compared with the MW treatment, the US treatment resulted in saccharides concentrations that were 5% and 160% higher for licorice root and willow bark, respectively.

scholarly journals Mass transport and yield during spinning of lignin-cellulose carbon fiber precursors

Holzforschung ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Bengtsson ◽  
Kerstin Jedvert ◽  
Artur Hedlund ◽  
Tobias Köhnke ◽  
Hans Theliander
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Mass Transport ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Wet Spinning ◽  
Lignin Concentration ◽  
Liquid Solutions ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Soluble Lignin

Abstract Lignin, a substance considered as a residue in biomass and ethanol production, has been identified as a renewable resource suitable for making inexpensive carbon fibers (CFs), which would widen the range of possible applications for light-weight CFs reinforced composites. Wet spinning of lignin-cellulose ionic liquid solutions is a promising method for producing lignin-based CFs precursors. However, wet-spinning solutions containing lignin pose technical challenges that have to be solved to enable industrialization. One of these issues is that a part of the lignin leaches into the coagulation liquid, which reduces yield and might complicate solvent recovery. In this work, the mass transport during coagulation is studied in depth using a model system and trends are confirmed with spinning trials. It was discovered that during coagulation, efflux of ionic liquid is not hindered by lignin concentration in solution and the formed cellulose network will enclose soluble lignin. Consequently, a high total concentration of lignin and cellulose in solution is advantageous to maximize yield. This work provides a fundamental understanding on mass transport during coagulation of lignin-cellulose solutions, crucial information when designing new solution-based fiber forming processes.

Cloud Point Extraction of Glycyrrhizic Acid from Licorice Root

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (14) ◽  
pp. 3259-3270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Sun ◽  
Yuchun Xie ◽  
Qinglai Tian ◽  
Huizhou Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Point ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Cloud Point Extraction ◽  
Licorice Root

scholarly journals DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCYRRHIZIC ACID IN COMPLEX THERAPY FOR PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Sergeevich Riasenskii ◽  
N. A. Grishkina ◽  
A. V. Aseev
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
The State ◽  
Licorice Root ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Intensive Phase ◽  
Phospholipid Ratio ◽  
Tuberculosis Chemotherapy ◽  
Specific Correction

The effectiveness of etiotropic chemotherapy is largely determined by the tolerability o the TB drugs (TBD) and the severity of unwanted side effects. It is known about the immunopathological effect of TBD, which can also be attributed to the undesirable effects of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. Changes in the structure and composition of mononuclear membranes reflect their functional activity. Secondary disorganization of the lipid bilayer due to the action of TBD is an important element in the development of immunosuppressive conditions in pulmonary tuberculosis and requires specific correction. The paper has the results of a survey of 308 patients with tuberculosis included. The comparison group consisted of 36 healthy volunteers. The membrane destruction coefficient and cholesterol-phospholipid ratio were used in order to assess the state of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the degree of structural disorganization of their membranes. The prescription of preparations containing glycyrrhizic acid is pathogenetically substantiated and allows improving the state of the membranes of mononuclear cells, thereby reducing the undesirable membrane-toxic effect of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, There was an increase in etiotropic therapy intensity on the basis of abacilation at the end of the intensive phase of the main course of chemotherapy from 61% to 72.4% when using Licorice Root, and to 81.3% when using Fosfogliv® in patients with focal and infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Pretreatments of Non-Woody Cellulosic Feedstocks for Bacterial Cellulose Synthesis

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina I. Kashcheyeva ◽  
Yulia A. Gismatulina ◽  
Vera V. Budaeva
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Pretreatment of biomass is a key step in the production of valuable products, including high-tech bacterial cellulose. The efficiency of five different pretreatment methods of Miscanthus and oat hulls for enzymatic hydrolysis and subsequent synthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC) was evaluated herein: Hydrothermobaric treatment, single-stage treatments with dilute HNO3 or dilute NaOH solution, and two-stage combined treatment with dilute HNO3 and NaOH solutions in direct and reverse order. The performance of enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreatment products was found to increase by a factor of 4−7. All the resultant hydrolyzates were composed chiefly of glucose, as the xylose percentage in total reducing sugars (RS) was 1−9%. The test synthesis of BC demonstrated good quality of nutrient media prepared from all the enzymatic hydrolyzates, except the hydrothermobaric treatment hydrolyzate. For biosynthesis of BC, single-stage pretreatments with either dilute HNO3 or dilute NaOH are advised due their simplicity and the high performance of enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreatment products (RS yield 79.7−83.4%).

Removal of As, Cr and Cd by Absorptive Filtration

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Sand Surface ◽  
Iron Solution ◽  
The Us ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
In Series

The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recently introduced more stringent arsenic regulations by lowering the maximum contaminant level (MCL) to 10 ìg l-1 (ppb) arsenic in drinking water. During the present study, an iron solution injection sand filtration process was designed and tested to selectively remove arsenic (As(V)), chromate (Cr(VI)) and cadmium (Cd(II)) from aqueous solutions down to trace level. Bench scale sand columns with a chemical feeding system were used to conduct the filtration study. The filtration results demonstrate that As(V) could be removed by ferric solution-treated sand filters from 2,000 ìg l-1 (ppb) down to less than 5 ìg l-1 (ppb) using two sand filters connected in series (two stage filtration). During the filtration, ferric concentrations in the first and second filters were maintained at 5 and 2 ppm, respectively, through a continuous injection scheme. Bench scale filtration results suggest that Cr(VI) could also be effectively removed by injection of ferrous solution into the sand columns. Similar ferric treatment of the sand columns also significantly increased Cd(II) removal. Batch adsorption experimental results suggest that when solution pH is lower than 8, arsenate can be removed by iron-treated sand. Arsenate-saturated sand can be regenerated using a high pH (pH > 12) solution. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) studies suggest that very little amount of Fe on the sand surface was dissolved when the sand was regenerated using a dilute NaOH solution (pH = 13).

Glycyrrhizic acid derivatives as new antiviral and immune modulate agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Baltina ◽  
Rimma Kondratenko
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Licorice Root ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Amino Sugars ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

: A search of new drugs for the treatment of viral infections and immune deficiencies of various etiologies is still one of the most important tasks of medicinal chemistry, pharmacy and medicine due to the wide spread of a number socially dangerous viral infections. This review is devoted to the chemical modification of Glycyrrhizic acid, the main component of licorice root, which is currently a leading natural glycoside promising as a basis for creation of new antiviral agents. The review presents the results of studies conducted over the past 15 years to obtain a library of Glycyrrhizic acid derivatives for biological studies and search of lead compounds. The synthesis of new biologically active derivatives and analogues (conjugates with amino acids and dipeptides, amino sugars, licorice triterpene acids conjugates with amino sugars, saponins and mono glycosides, heterocyclic amides) was carried out , and their antiviral and immune modulate properties were studied. Potent inhibitors of HIV, SARS CoV, Epstein-Barr, influenza A/H1N1 viruses and stimulators of primary immune response were found among GL derivatives and analogues produced.

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