scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Challenges and Opportunities of Blockchain for E-Voting

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhi Taş ◽  
Ömer Özgür Tanrıöver
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Voting Systems ◽  
Storage Mechanism ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Secure Information ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Election Systems ◽  
Remote Participation

A blockchain is a distributed, digitized and consensus-based secure information storage mechanism. The present article provides an overview of blockchain based e-voting systems. The primary purpose of this review is to study the up-to-date state of blockchain-based voting research along with associated possible challenges while aiming to forecast future directions. The methodology applied in the review is a systematic review approach. Following an introduction to the basic structure and features of the blockchain in relation to e-voting, we provide a conceptual description of the desired blockchain-based e-voting application. Symmetrical and asymmetrical cryptography improvements play a key role in developing blockchain systems. We have extracted and reviewed 63 research papers from scientific databases that have advised the adoption of the blockchain framework to voting systems. These articles indicate that blockchain-supported voting systems may provide different solutions than traditional e-voting. We classified the main prevailing issues into the five following categories: general, integrity, coin-based, privacy and consensus. As a result of this research, it was determined that blockchain systems can provide solutions to certain problems that prevail in current election systems. On the other hand, privacy protection and transaction speed are most frequently emphasized problems in blockchain applications. Security of remote participation and scalability should be improved for sustainable blockchain based e-voting. It was concluded that frameworks needed enhancements in order to be used in voting systems due to these reservations.

scholarly journals E-VOTING SYSTEMS USING BLOCKCHAIN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 413-423
Author(s):  
Dhiraj Amrutkar ◽  
Gaurav Dongare ◽  
Sayog Sonune ◽  
Archana Y. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Voting Systems ◽  
Storage Mechanism ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Secure Information ◽  
Wide Range

One of the most important discoveries and creative developments that is playing a vital role in the professional world today is blockchain technology. A blockchain is a distributed, digitized and consensus-based secure information storage mechanism. Blockchain technology moves in the direction of persistent revolution and change. In the last couple of years, the upsurge in blockchain technology has obliged scholars and specialists to scrutinize new ways to apply blockchain technology with a wide range of domains. The dramatic increase in blockchain technology has provided many new application opportunities, including e-voting application. The present article provides a systematic review of emerging blockchain-based e-voting systems. In this paper, we call attention to the open research matters in this fast-growing field, explaining them in some details. It was concluded that frameworks needed enhancements in order to be used in voting systems due to these reservations. KEYWORDS: blockchain, e-voting, cloud computing, ethereum; ballot

scholarly journals Creativity in Brazilian Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anggi Cecilia Safaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Doctoral Programs ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Large Array ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Object Of Study

The present study resulted from the analysis of a large array of investigative products focused on creativity in higher education. A systematic review of studies between 2008 and 2018 found 27 theses published by doctoral programs in the specific field of education. Twenty-five Brazilian scientific databases were analyzed using a qualitative approach aimed at mapping creativity in higher education, demonstrating longitudinally how, when, who and with what purposes creativity has been the object of study. The most widely used approach was qualitative, with a predominance of case studies, the majority of which described creativity as a learning strategy or one that seeks learning solutions; a smaller number of doctoral theses viewed creativity as cognitively developed and intrinsic to the student. For this reason, the results suggest a possible lag in terms of understanding creativity as a way to significantly strengthen learning and a basic structure in the development of critical thinking and problem solving.

scholarly journals Use of Apps to Promote Childhood Vaccination: Protocol for a Systematic Review

10.2196/16929 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e16929
Author(s):  
Michelle Helena Van Velthoven ◽  
Madison Milne-Ives ◽  
Caroline de Cock ◽  
Mary Mooney ◽  
Edward Meinert
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
English Language ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Technical Standards

Background The decline in the uptake of routine childhood vaccinations has resulted in outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccination apps can be used as a tool to promote immunization through the provision of reminders, dissemination of information, peer support, and feedback. Objective The aim of this review is to systematically review the evidence on the use of apps to support childhood vaccination uptake, information storage, and record sharing. Methods We will identify relevant papers by searching the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase by Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials.gov, and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). We will review the reference lists of those studies that we include to identify relevant additional papers not initially identified using our search strategy. In addition to the use of electronic databases, we will search for grey literature on the topic. The search strategy will include only terms relating to or describing the intervention, which is app use. As almost all titles and abstracts are in English, 100% of these will be reviewed, but retrieval will be confined to papers written in the English language. We will record the search outcome on a specifically designed record sheet. Two reviewers will select observational and intervention studies, appraise the quality of the studies, and extract the relevant data. All studies will involve the use of apps relating to child vaccinations. The primary outcome is the uptake of vaccinations. Secondary outcomes are as follows: (1) use of app for sharing of information and providing vaccination reminders and (2) use of app for storage of vaccination information; knowledge and decision making by parents regarding vaccination (ie, risks and benefits of vaccination); costs and cost-effectiveness of vaccination apps; use of the app and measures of usability (eg, usefulness, acceptability, and experiences of different users: parents and health care professionals); use of technical standards for development of the app; and adverse events (eg, data leaks and misinformation). We will exclude studies that do not study an app. We anticipate a limited scope for meta-analysis and will provide a narrative overview of findings and tabular summaries of extracted data. Results This project was funded by the Sir David Cooksey Fellowship in Healthcare Translation at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. We will submit the full systematic review for publication in the Journal of Medical Internet Research. Conclusions This review will follow, where possible, the Cochrane Collaboration and the Centre for Review and Dissemination methodologies for conducting systematic reviews. We will report our findings based on guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The review results will be used to inform the development of a vaccination app. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/16929

Contact Tracing Applications Against COVID-19: A Systematic Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nabeel ◽  
Salman AlSabah ◽  
Eliana Al Haddad ◽  
Hutan Ashrafian
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Manual Methods ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Transmission Of Disease

BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered public anxiety around the world. So far, the evidence suggests that prevention on a public scale is the most effective health measure for thwarting the progress of COVID-19. Another critical aspect of preventing COVID-19 is contact tracing. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of contact tracing applications currently available in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We undertook a systematic review and narrative synthesis of all literature relating to contact tracing applications in the context of COVID-19. We searched 3 major scientific databases. Only articles that were published in English and were available as full-text articles were selected for review. Data were extracted and narrative syntheses conducted. RESULTS Five studies relating to COVID-19 were included in the review. Our results suggest that digitalized contact tracing methods can be beneficial for impeding the progress of COVID-19. Three key themes were generated from this systematic review. First, the critical mass of application adoption must be attained at the population level before the sensitivity and positive predictive value of the solution can be increased. Second, usability factors such as access, ease of use and the elimination of barriers are essential in driving this uptake. Third, privacy must be ensured where possible as it is the single most significant barrier against achieving critical mass. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed more than 2 million lives globally, with over 100 million confirmed cases. Contact tracing can rapidly identify potentially infected individuals before the emergence of severe or critical symptoms, and it can also prevent the subsequent transmission of disease from secondary cases when implemented efficiently. Contact tracing methods have proved to be beneficial for impeding the progress of COVID-19 as compared to older, more labor intensive manual methods.

scholarly journals Passiflora incarnata in Neuropsychiatric Disorders—A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3894
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Janda ◽  
Karolina Wojtkowska ◽  
Karolina Jakubczyk ◽  
Justyna Antoniewicz ◽  
Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Passiflora Incarnata ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Stress is a natural response of the body, induced by factors of a physical (hunger, thirst, and infection) and/or psychological (perceived threat, anxiety, or concern) nature. Chronic, long-term stress may cause problems with sleep, concentration, and memory, as well as affective disorders. The passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) is a perennial plant with documented therapeutic properties. The literature data suggest that the passionflower itself, as well as its preparations, helps reduce stress and can therefore be helpful in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety, and depression. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate Passiflora incarnata in terms of its neuropsychiatric effects. Methods: The scientific databases PubMed, ClinTrials.gov, and Embase were searched up to 22 October 2019. The search identified randomized clinical trials describing the effects of Passiflora incarnata in neuropsychiatric disorders. Results: The systematic review included nine clinical trials. The duration of the studies included in the analysis varied widely, from one day up to 30 days. Study participants were no less than 18 years old. In each of the papers, the effects of passionflower were measured by using a number of different tests and scales. The majority of studies reported reduced anxiety levels following the administration of Passiflora incarnata preparations, with the effect less evident in people with mild anxiety symptoms. No adverse effects, including memory loss or collapse of psychometric functions, were observed. Conclusion: Passiflora incarnata may be helpful in treating some symptoms in neuropsychiatric patients.

Bundled Payment Models in Spine Surgery: Current Challenges and Opportunities, a Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Dietz ◽  
Mayur Sharma ◽  
Ahmad Alhourani ◽  
Beatrice Ugiliweneza ◽  
Dengzhi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Bundled Payment ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Payment Models

scholarly journals Eating Disorders in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women: A Systematic Review

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
María Martínez-Olcina ◽  
Jacobo A. Rubio-Arias ◽  
Cristina Reche-García ◽  
Belén Leyva-Vela ◽  
María Hernández-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Nursing Mothers ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Background and objectives: Pregnancy is a stage associated with various biopsychosocial changes. These changes, along with concerns about keeping an adequate weight, can modulate an individual’s risk for psychological disorders, especially eating disorders (EDs). The aim of this review was to investigate the prevalence, associated risks, and consequences of eating disorders in pregnancy and in breastfeeding mothers. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines in the scientific databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO. Search terms related to EDs, pregnancy, and breastfeeding were used. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the studies was carried out using different scales; CASP (Checklist for Cohort Study), NICE (Methodology Checklist for Cohort Study), ARHQ (Methodology Checklist for Cross-Sectional), and NOS (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Cohort). Results: From 2920 studies, 16 were selected to study EDs in pregnant women and 2 studies in nursing mothers. Most of the studies used questionnaires and scales as tools for the diagnosis of EDs. Binge eating, anxiety, and depression were the most common comorbidities of EDs, accompanied in most cases by excessive concern about weight gain. The consequences of EDs are diverse. The prevalence of EDs in this population is estimated to be 1 out of 20. Conclusions: Eating disorders are related to anxiety and depression and have negative consequences for both mothers and fetuses (cesarean, miscarriages, premature births). More research on the field to determine the risk factors for EDs in the population of pregnant and lactating women is needed.

Multi-state resistive switching memory with secure information storage in Au/BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3/La5/8Ca3/8MnO3 heterostructure

2012 ◽  
Vol 100 (19) ◽  
pp. 193504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. P. Yao ◽  
Y. K. Liu ◽  
S. N. Dong ◽  
Y. W. Yin ◽  
S. W. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistive Switching ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Resistive Switching Memory ◽  
Secure Information ◽  
Switching Memory

scholarly journals A systematic review of reviews to identify key research opportunities within the field of eHealth implementation

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakhtiyar Ahmed ◽  
Thomas Dannhauser ◽  
Nada Philip
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Review Of Reviews

Introduction This paper is a systematic review of the relevant literature surrounding the implementation and utilisation of eHealth to identify key challenges and opportunities to future eHealth applications. Methods NHS Evidence, PubMed, IEEE Explorer, Cochrane Library and JMIR Publications were all searched for reviews published between 1 January 2010 and 30 June 2017. Results A total of 47 papers met the final inclusion criterion. The published literature focused on a wide array of challenges categorised into five areas, facing the implementation and utilisation of eHealth; from this, four areas of opportunity to advance eHealth were identified. Discussion The five challenge areas are (C1) stakeholders and system users, (C2) technology and interoperability, (C3) cost-effectiveness and start-up costs, (C4) legal clarity and legal framework and (C5) local context and regional differences. The four opportunity areas are (O1) participation and contribution, (O2) foundation and sustainability, (O3) improvement and productivity and (O4) identification and application. Conclusion The literature analysed in this systematic review identifies design and implementation priorities that can guide the development and utilisation of future eHealth initiatives.

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