scholarly journals Toxicity and Organ Distribution of Mercury in Freshwater Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) after Exposure to Water Contaminated Mercury (HgII)

Toxics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Suhendrayatna ◽  
Arahman ◽  
Sipahutar ◽  
Rinidar ◽  
Elvitriana
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Mercury Analyzer ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Probit Method

The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity and the distribution of mercury (Hg) in the main tissues of freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) after being exposed to water containing Hg(II). A sample group of 10 fish, of mean weight 80–100 g wet weight, were exposed to different concentrations of Hg (0.0012; 0.0049; 0.0141; 0.0524; 0.1126; and 0.5110 mg-HgII/L) for 72 hours under controlled conditions using the static method in ponds. A control medium was also prepared in two replications. Mortality of fish was closely monitored, and the test was repeated three times. For the toxicity test, observations were based on behavior, mortality, and anatomical pathology. The methodology was based on the OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals and lethal concentration (LC50) and particularly using the probit method. Thus, the mean value was obtained from two replications and then further calculated by a software (MiniTab® 16 version). Prior to analysis, samples were first lyophilized. The total concentration of Hg accumulation in the fish organs was analyzed using heat-vaporization atomic absorption spectrometry (HV-AAS) and a MA2000 automatic mercury analyzer. Results showed that toxicity (LC50) of freshwater fish was 0.1435 mg-Hg(II)/L. The internal organs showed some pathological changes including pale gills, anemic eyes, and a whitish body color after the exposure. Furthermore, histopathologically, exposure to mercury might also affect other organs, such as gills, liver, and hepatopancreas. Mercury was found in trace amounts, and its accumulation was found to be at least in the gills. Meanwhile, the highest accumulation was found in the muscle tissue with approximately 5.7183 µg/g dry weight. If they are put in order, the mercury accumulation in the tissue organs was varied from the highest to lowest one: Muscle > eye > bone > head > gill. Finally, it can be concluded that the Hg exposure could affect the histopathological condition of the tested fish.

Fecal Nickel Excretion by Healthy Adults

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Horak ◽  
F William Sunderman
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Hospital Workers ◽  
Major Route ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluations

Abstract Nickel was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in three-day collections of feces from healthy hospital workers (age 22-65) who had lived for more than a year in Hartford, Connecticut. None of the 10 subjects (4/♂ , 6/♀.) had occupational exposure to nickel. Fecal nickel averaged 3.3 µg/g (wet weight); SD, ±0.8; and range, 2.1 to 4.4 µg/g. Corresponding figures on a dry-weight basis were 14.2 µg/g; SD, ±2.7; and range, 10.8 to 18.7 µg/g. The fecal excretion of nickel averaged 258 µg/day (SD, ±126; range, 80 to 540 µg/day). Fecal excretion is evidently the major route for elimination of nickel from the human body. Comprehensive evaluations of environmental or occupational exposures to nickel should also include analyses of nickel in serum, urine, and hair.

scholarly journals Concentration of Mercury in the Livers of Small Terrestrial Rodents from Rural Areas in Poland

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Durkalec ◽  
Agnieszka Nawrocka ◽  
Jacek Żmudzki ◽  
Aleksandra Filipek ◽  
Marcin Niemcewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Direct Mercury Analyzer ◽  
Mercury Analyzer ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Study Sites

Small terrestrial mammals could be used as accumulative biomonitors of different environmental contaminants, but the knowledge of the level of Hg in their bodies is scant. The aim of our research was to verify the factors influencing Hg bioaccumulation and to analyze the concentration of total mercury (Hg) in the livers of four species of wild terrestrial rodents from different rural areas of Poland: the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), common vole (Microtus arvalis), and bank vole (Myodes glareolus). The concentration of total Hg was analyzed in liver tissue by atomic absorption spectrometry using a direct mercury analyzer. The concentration of Hg found in the livers of rodents ranged from <1 to 36.4 µg/kg of wet weight, differed between study sites, species, and sexes, and was related to body weight. We addressed feeding habits as potential causes of differences in liver Hg concentration among species.

scholarly journals Mercury concentration in bivalve molluscs

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Szkoda ◽  
Maciej Durkalec ◽  
Agnieszka Nawrocka ◽  
Mirosław Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Total Mercury ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proficiency Tests ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Quality Assurance Programme ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Wet Weight

AbstractA total of 85 mussel samples of eight species were examined. Analysis of mercury in the freeze-dried samples was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry method using direct mercury analyser AMA 254. The analytical procedure for determination of mercury was covered by the quality assurance programme of research and participation in national and international proficiency tests. Concentrations of total mercury in all investigated samples were found to be generally low, in the range of 0.033-0.577 mg/kg of dry weight and of 0.003-0.045 mg/kg of wet weight. The results indicate that obtained levels of mercury in bivalve molluscs are not likely to pose a risk to the health of consumers.

Levels of Cadmium in White and Brown Meat of Warty Crab (Eriphia verrucosa)

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 2253-2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ARIANO ◽  
A. LO VOI ◽  
M. D'AMBOLA ◽  
R. MARRONE ◽  
D. CACACE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
White Meat ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Southern Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Crab Meat

European Union regulations that establish the maximum cadmium (Cd) levels for crab take into account only concentrations found in crab muscle (white meat), mainly from appendages; therefore, other organs and tissues (brown meat) are excluded. The objective of the present study was to evaluate Cd levels in both white and brown crab meat, in order to achieve a more complete assessment of health risk related to human consumption of warty crab. Microwave digestion and atomic absorption spectrometry were used to determine Cd concentrations in warty crab (Eriphia verrucosa) samples collected from the southern Tyrrhenian Sea in Italy. Cd concentrations in all samples of white crab meat were found to be very low (below the limit of quantification), although brown crab meat showed significantly higher Cd concentrations (up to 5.629 mg/kg wet weight; mean value, 1.465 mg/kg). Thus, the consumption of brown meat, common among certain populations of the Mediterranean region, where whole crustaceans are traditionally eaten, substantially increased Cd intake, resulting in alarmingly high estimated weekly intake values.

BIOASSAY OF PROLACTIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The response of the pigeon crop-sac to systemically acting prolactin (injected subcutaneously) was evaluated by measuring the wet weight of the responsive lateral lobes of the organ and by determining the dry weight of a 4 cm diameter disc of mucosal epithelium taken from one hemicrop. Of several different injection schedules tested, administration of prolactin in four daily injections was found to yield optimal responses. When compared with a graded series of prolactin doses, measurement of the mucosal dry weight proved to be a better method of response quantification than determination of the crop-sac wet weight with respect to both assay sensitivity and precision. The submucosal tissue of the crop-sac was estimated to constitute about 64 % of the total dry weight of the unstimulated organ and it was found to be relatively unresponsive to prolactin stimulation in comparison with the mucosa. The lipid content of the mucosal epithelium was determined using unstimulated crop-sacs or tissues which showed varying degrees of prolactin-induced proliferation. The fat content of the mucosal epithelial cells increased only slightly more rapidly than the dry weight or the defatted dry weight of the mucosa. Suggestions are made for the further improvement of the systemic crop-sac assay for prolactin.

Effect of rhizobacteria strains on the induction of resistance in barley genotypes against Cochliobolus sativus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Barley Genotypes

SummaryEnhancement of the resistance level in plants by rhizobacteria has been proven in several pathosystems. This study investigated the ability of four rhizobacteria strains (Pseudomonas putida BTP1 and Bacillus subtilis Bs2500, Bs2504 and Bs2508) to promote the growth in three barley genotypes and protect them against Cochliobolus sativus. Our results demonstrated that all tested rhizobacteria strains had a protective effect on barley genotypes Arabi Abiad, Banteng and WI2291. However, P. putida BTP1 and B. subtilis Bs2508 strains were the most effective as they reduced disease incidence by 53 and 38% (mean effect), respectively. On the other hand, there were significant differences among the rhizobacteria-treated genotypes on plant growth parameters, such as wet weight, dry weight, plant height and number of leaves. Pseudomonas putida BTP1 strain was the most effective as it significantly increased plant growth by 15-32%. In addition, the susceptible genotypes Arabi Abiad and WI2291 were the most responsive to rhizobacteria. This means that these genotypes have a high potential for increase of their resistance against the pathogen and enhancement of plant growth after the application of rhizobacteria. Consequently, barley seed treatment with the tested rhizobacteria could be considered as an effective biocontrol method against C. sativus.

Respon Akar Bibit Aren Genjah (Arenga pinnata) Di Pembibitan Pada Pemberian Dosis dan Interval Pupuk Organik Cair Nasa

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Yetti Elidar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Research on the response of roots of palm sugar palm seeds (Arenga pinnata) in nurseries at doses and intervals of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer. Aims to determine the dosage, interval and combination of dosages and fertilization intervals with Nasa liquid organic fertilizer which can provide the best dry weight of the roots in the nursery. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3x3 factorial experiments and each treatment was repeated 8 (eight) times, consisting of: the first factor was the treatment of POC Nasa dose in a concentration of 3 cc POC Nasa per liter of water (D) consists of 3 levels, namely: d1 = 300 ml POC Nasa, d2 = 400 ml POC Nasa, d3 = 500 ml POC Nasa, while the second factor is the treatment of POC Nasa Interval (I) consisting of 3 levels, namely: i1 = 2 once a week, i2 = once every 3 weeks, i3 = once every 4 weeks. The results of the POC Nasa dose study had a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level are: d2 (400 ml of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer), the interval of liquid organic fertilizer Nasa has a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level is: i1 (once every 2 weeks). The treatment combination has no significant effect on all parameters. 

PHYTOTOXICITY OF WASTEWATER CONTAINING CADMIUM (Cd) USING OLEANDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1231-1238
Author(s):  
Zeki & Ridha
Keyword(s):  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Plant Shoots

This study was aimed to investigate the ability of N.oleander to remove Cadmium (Cd) from wastewater. A prolonged toxicity test was performed in a single exposure and run for 65 days with various concentrations of Cd. Plants were grown in sand medium and irrigated with simulated wastewater contaminated with Cd, using different concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 mg/L), which were chosen based on previous preliminary test. The results of physical observation of the plants didn’t show any withering symptoms. The Cd concentration in plants increased, while in water decreased. The results of plant analysis showed that Cd concentration in plant shoots (stems and leaves) was higher than that in roots for almost all exposure doses along the test duration. The concentration of Cd in water decreased significantly from the first week of the test and become (0 mg/l) on day-35 for 10 and 25 mg/l exposure doses, while exceeded the permissible limits for 50 and 75 mg/l exposure doses and were 0.14 and 0.91 mg/l, respectively. Wet weight and dry weight of Oleander decreased with increasing Cd concentration level except for 10 mg/l exposure dose where the plant wet weight and dry weight increased at the end of the test. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and Translocation Factor (TF) was found to be greater than 1, indicating that Oleander is a successful hyperaccumulator for Cd.

scholarly journals Quantifying the dietary potassium requirement of juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Yen Shiau ◽  
Jia-Fen Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
K Concentration

An 8 week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary K requirement for juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Purified diets with eight levels (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 g/kg diet) of supplemental K were fed to tilapia. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of fish initially weighing a mean value of 0.77 (SE 0.01) g/fish in a closed, recirculating rearing system. Weight gain was higher (P<0.05) in fish fed the diets supplemented with 2, 3 and 4 g K/kg diet than in fish fed diet with 10 g K/kg diet and the unsupplemented control diet. Gill Na+-K+ ATPase activity was highest in fish fed the diets supplemented with 1–3 g K/kg diet, followed by fish fed the diet with 5 g K/kg diet and lowest in fish fed the diet with 10 g K/kg diet. Whole-body K content in fish were generally increased as the dietary K supplementation level increased. Analysis by polynomial regression of weight gain and gill Na+-K+ ATPase activity and by linear regression of whole-body K retention of the fish indicated that the adequate dietary K concentration for tilapia is about 2–3 g/kg diet.

APPLICATION OF AAS AND NAA FOR DETERMINATION OF TIN IN SRMs, AND IN ANIMAL AND HUMAN ORGANS

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 489-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOMOKO CHIBA ◽  
VENKATESH G. IYENGAR
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Human Organs

Tin (Sn) is one of the causative elements of the environmental pollution. As no certified reference materials for Sn are presently available, existing reference materials were analyzed for Sn by two independent analytical techniques; atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA). The results obtained by both methods were in agreement except for mixed diet which contains Sn in the range of 50 μ g/g. Further, tin concentrations in human and animal organs have been examined by AAS. Among organs tested tin concentrations in testes were the highest, 2.08±0.62 μ g/g dry weight (mean ±SD, n=12) in humans, and 1.45±0.55 μ g/g (n=8) in mice.

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