Effect of Edema Disease Vaccination on Mortality and Growth Parameters in Nursery Pigs in a Shiga Toxin 2e Positive Commercial Farm

Diseases caused by Escherichia coli are recognized as major problems in the swine industry, one of them being edema disease (ED). Importantly, the current decrease in antibiotic use may cause difficulties in controlling the disorders caused by E. coli. Therefore, this study assessed the efficacy of a commercial vaccine against ED in nursery pigs from a farm with previous history of ED. A total of 1344 pigs were monitored; half of them were randomly assigned to a vaccinated group (VG) and the other half to a non-vaccinated group (NVG). The vaccine was administered at 7 days of age. Animals received a pre-starter feed with 2500 ppm of zinc oxide (ZnO) for 2 weeks and a starter feed without ZnO for another 3 weeks. Pen-group weights were recorded at 28 (weaning), 42 (end of pre-starter phase), and 63 days of life (end of nursery phase). Death/culling rates, average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were calculated for each group at each phase. The overall relative risk of dying/being culled for a pig in the NVG was 5 times higher than that of the VG group but increased to 12 times higher during the starter period. ADG and ADFI were also significantly higher in the VG group for that period. Vaccination against ED significantly reduced pig losses and improved ADG and ADFI, particularly when ZnO was not used.

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Effects of Fumonisin-Contaminated Corn on Growth Performance of 9 to 28 kg Nursery Pigs

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins12090604 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 604

Author(s):

Zhong-Xing Rao ◽

Mike D. Tokach ◽

Jason C. Woodworth ◽

Joel M. DeRouchey ◽

Robert D. Goodband ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Linear Response ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Fumonisin B1 ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Feed Production ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Effect Of Feeding

Fumonisin contamination in corn is an emerging issue in animal feed production. Fumonisin disrupts the metabolism of sphingolipids and reduces growth performance. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding fumonisin-contaminated corn on growth performance and sphinganine (SA) to sphingosine (SO) ratios of 9 to 28 kg pigs. A total of 350 pigs, were used with 5 pigs/pen and 14 pens/treatment. Dietary treatments contained fumonisin-contaminated corn (50 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) blended with low fumonisin corn (10 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) to provide dietary fumonisin concentrations of 7.2, 14.7, 21.9, 32.7, and 35.1 mg/kg. From day 0 to 28, increasing fumonisin concentration decreased (linear, p < 0.001) average daily gain, average daily feed intake (linear, p = 0.055), and gain:feed ratio (linear, p = 0.016). Although these response criteria tested linear, the greatest reduction in performance was in pigs fed with 32.7 and 35.1 mg/kg of fumonisin (B1 + B2). Increasing fumonisin concentration increased the serum SA:SO ratio (linear, p < 0.001) on day 14 and 28. In summary, for 9 to 28 kg nursery pigs, increasing fumonisin linearly decreased average daily gain and gain:feed ratio. However, despite the linear response, diets containing up to 21.9 mg/kg of fumonisin did not have as dramatic a decrease in growth performance as those fed more than 32.7 mg/kg. Further research is warranted to determine the effect of fumonisin concentrations between 21.9 and 32.7 mg/kg.

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PSIII-5 Effects of ingredient composition of oral drenches in small piglets post-farrowing on average daily gain and pre-wean mortality

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.416 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 238-238

Author(s):

Olivia Harrison ◽

Samantha Tauer ◽

Brent Frederick

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

High Energy ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Swine Industry ◽

Bioactive Proteins ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Key Factor ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract Number of pigs born alive has been a key factor of the increasing efficiency of the U.S. swine industry. However, with increased pigs in the uterus, birth weight has been negatively impacted, with more small or at-risk pigs being born per litter. In order to overcome these changes, a study testing three commercial oral drenches against a control to determine which would increase average daily gain and decrease preweaning mortality. In a completely randomized design, 877 one-day-old suckling pigs from a high-health farm were selected for the experiment if they appeared to be in the bottom 20% of bodyweight compared to their contemporaries. Selected pigs were given one of four drenching treatments: 1) none (control), 2) bioactive proteins (BP), 3) high energy sugars (HES), and 4) immunoglobulins (IgY). Pigs were weighed on d 1 and d 19 of age (weaning), with mortality tracked during the suckling period. Data were analyzed using SAS v 9.4 (Cary, NC), with pig as the experimental unit and an accepted alpha of 0.05. Treatment had no detected effect on birth weight, weaning weight, ADG, or mortality (P = 0.79, 0.96, 0.86, 0.38 respectively). Likewise, statistical contrasts were used to determine there was no detected impact (P > 0.10) of drench, regardless of type, compared to the control in any measured response criteria. Interesting, pigs drenched with BP or IgY had numerically lower preweaning mortality (11.2 and 11.5% respectively), than those administered the control or HES (15.4 and 15.2%, respectively). In conclusion, this experiment showed no significant difference in the performance between piglets given no product vs. those drenched with bioactive proteins, high energy sugars, or immunoglobulins. However, additional research is warranted with greater replication or disease stressors to better understand if oral drenches may improve preweaning performance or mortality in different situations.

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Live Yeast or Live Yeast Combined with Zinc Oxide Enhanced Growth Performance, Antioxidative Capacity, Immunoglobulins and Gut Health in Nursery Pigs

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061626 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1626

Author(s):

Shenfei Long ◽

Tengfei He ◽

Sung Woo Kim ◽

Qinghui Shang ◽

Tadele Kiros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Average Daily Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Gut Health ◽

Total Volatile ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Serum Iga ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Live Yeast

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary LY or LY combined with ZnO supplementation on performance and gut health in nursery pigs. 192 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets (weaned on d 32 of the age with 9.2 ± 1.7 kg BW) were allocated into four treatments with eight replicate pens, six piglets per pen. The treatments included a basal diet as control (CTR), an antibiotic plus ZnO diet (CTC-ZnO, basal diet + 75 mg/kg of chlortetracycline + ZnO (2000 mg/kg from d 1 to 14, 160 mg/kg from d 15 to 28)), a LY diet (LY, basal diet + 2 g/kg LY), and a LY plus ZnO diet (LY-ZnO, basal diet + 1 g/kg LY + ZnO). The results showed that pigs fed LY or LY-ZnO had increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain, serum IgA, IgG, superoxide dismutase, fecal butyric acid, and total volatile fatty acid concentrations, as well as decreased (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio and diarrhea rate compared with CTR. In conclusion, pigs fed diets with LY or LY combined with ZnO had similar improvement to the use of antibiotics and ZnO in performance, antioxidant status, immunoglobulins, and gut health in nursery pigs.

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INFLUENCE OF PORCINE IMMUNOGLOBULIN ADMINISTRATION ON SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF PIGS WEANED AT TWO AND THREE WEEKS OF AGE

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas79-089 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 693-698 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. J. KENNELLY ◽

R. O. BALL ◽

F. X. AHERNE

Keyword(s):

Average Daily Gain ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Stomach Tube ◽

E Coli ◽

Porcine Serum ◽

Neomycin Sulfate ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

Daily Gain

Three experiments were conducted to study growth, incidence of scouring and mortality of 2- and 3-wk weaned piglets fed immunoglobulins (IMG) derived from abbatoir porcine serum. In experiment 1, 20 piglets weaned at 2 wk of age were randomly divided into a control and an IMG-treated group. In both groups 1 × 1012 organisms of a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli was administered by stomach tube. The IMG-treated group had a faster (P < 0.01) average daily gain, reduced incidence of scouring (P < 0.01) and lower mortality (P < 0.07) than the control group. In experiment 2, 36 piglets weaned at 3 wk of age were allotted to a control and IMG-treated group. In the absence of a loading dose of E. coli there were no significant differences in average daily gain, scour scores or rectal temperature between the control and the IMG-treated groups. In the third experiment, 72 piglets were weaned at 3 wk of age and randomly allotted to three treatments: a control, an IMG-treated and an antibiotic-treated (Neomycin Sulfate) group. The results of the former two groups were similar to those obtained in experiment 2. The antibiotic-treated group had a faster (P < 0.01) gain than both control and IMG group despite the similarity in the incidence of scouring.

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The long-term impact of vaginal surgical mesh devices in UK primary care: a cohort study in the CPRD

10.1101/2021.07.27.21261171 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emily McFadden ◽

Sarah Lay-Flurrie ◽

Constantinos Koshiaris ◽

Georgia C Richards ◽

Carl Heneghan

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Surgical Mesh ◽

Previous History ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Mesh Surgery ◽

History Of ◽

Self Harm

Objective: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are treated with surgical mesh devices; evidence of their long-term complications is lacking. To examine long-term complications in women with SUI and/or POP, with and without surgical mesh implants. Design: Longitudinal open cohort study from April 01 2006 to November 30 2018 Setting: The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Gold database, linked to Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) inpatient data, Office for National Statistics mortality data, and Index of Multiple Deprivation socioeconomic status data. Participants: Women aged ≥18 years with a diagnostic SUI/POP code. Exposure: Mesh surgery coded in HES or CPRD data, compared to no mesh surgery. Main Outcomes measures: Rates of diagnoses of depression, anxiety or self-harm (composite measure) and sexual dysfunction, using Cox proportional hazards regression, and rates of prescriptions for antibiotics and opioids, using negative binomial regression. Results: There were 220,544 women eligible for inclusion; 74% (n=162,687) had SUI, 37% (n=82,123) had POP and 11% (n=24,266) had both. Women undergoing mesh surgery for SUI or POP had higher rates of antibiotic use (SUI: IRR 1.15 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.18; p<0.001); POP: IRR 1.09 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.14; p<0.001)). Women with no previous history of the outcome, who underwent mesh surgery for SUI or POP, had higher rates of depression, anxiety, or self-harm (SUI: HR 2.43 (95% CI 2.19 to 2.70; p<0.001; POP: HR 1.47 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.81; p<0.001)), sexual dysfunction (SUI: HR 1.88 (1.50 to 2.36; p<0.001); POP: HR 1.64 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.63; p=0.04)) and opioid use (SUI: IRR 1.40 (95% CI 1.26 to 1.56, p<0.001); POP: IRR 1.23 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.49; p=0.04)). Women with a history of depression, anxiety and self-harm had lower rates of these outcomes with SUI or POP mesh surgery (SUI: HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.73; p<0.001), POP: HR 0.72 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.79; p<0.001). Women with a history of opioid use who had POP mesh surgery had lower rates of prescriptions (IRR 0.91 95% CI (0.86 to 0.96); p=0.001). Conclusions: Mesh surgery was associated with poor mental and sexual health outcomes, alongside increased opioid and antibiotic use, in women with no history of these outcomes and improved mental health, and lower opioid use, in women with a previous history of these outcomes. Careful consideration of the benefits and risk of mesh surgery for women with SUI or POP on an individual basis is required.

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85 Impact of teat order on feed consumption in swine from birth to nursery

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz053.072 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 32-32

Author(s):

Callan A Lichtenwalter ◽

Jason K Apple ◽

Elizabeth B Kegley ◽

Tsung Cheng Tsai ◽

Elizabeth Palmer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase 1 ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Total Ghrelin ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Total P

Abstract This study evaluated the relationship between teat order and its impact on feed consumption in pigs through nursery. Pigs were observed 48 h after birth to be in either a cranial, middle, or caudal teat position. Growth performance data, and active and total plasma ghrelin concentrations (determined by radioimmunoassay) were analyzed from 2 pigs in each position from 6 litters (n = 36) at 7 d of age, 21 d of age (weaning), and 62 d of age (end of the nursery stage) to determine a relationship with teat order. At weaning, pigs were moved to an off-site nursery and housed 2 pigs/pen based on teat position and litter, resulting in 6 pens/teat position. Overall, no effect of teat order was found on average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.91), average daily feed intake (ADFI; P = 0.67), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F; P = 0.33), or body weight (P = 0.94) among pigs from each teat position. A linear relationship was found between teat order and ADG (P = 0.01) as well as G:F in nursery phase-1 (P = 0.01) with caudal pigs gaining more rapidly and being more efficient than cranial pigs. Yet, in nursery phase-2, cranial pigs had the greatest ADFI (linear, P = 0.05). No difference was seen in active (P = 0.18) or total (P = 0.63) ghrelin concentrations or the active to total ghrelin ratio (P = 0.68) in relation to teat order, although there were differences in active (P = 0.04) and total (P < 0.01) ghrelin concentrations among the sampling days with the least concentrations being on d 21 for active and total ghrelin. Further study should investigate what factors would contribute to these data contradicting previous inferences about the relationship of teat order and feed consumption in pigs

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Effect of feed particle size and dietary melatonin supplementation on gastric ulcers in swine

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a98-071 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 179-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

H. L. Ayles ◽

R. M. Friendship ◽

G. A. Bubenik ◽

R. O. Ball

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Endoscopic Examination ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Swine Industry ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Growth Experiments

Gastric ulcers may be an underrecognized problem in the swine industry. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary melatonin supplementation and particle size on prevalence and severity of ulcers in growing pigs. Sixty-four Yorkshire barrows and gilts (29.5 ± 1.0 kg) received either a finely ground (763 ± 2.18 µm) or a coarsely ground (953 ± 2.29 µm) corn–wheat diet, either with or without added melatonin (5 mg kg−1). One half of the pigs underwent endoscopic examination to assess the severity of ulcers on days 4 and 25. Growth performance and feed consumption were monitored throughout the experiment. All pigs were slaughtered on day 28, and ulcers were assessed postmortem. Endoscopy at the beginning of the experiment found that 53% of the pigs already had some degree of ulceration. Pigs fed the fine diet had greater average daily gain and average daily feed intake than pigs fed the coarse diet (P < 0.05), but particle size did not significantly affect prevalence of stomach ulcers. Melatonin supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein (P < 0.04) and dry matter (P < 0.08) of the diets and decreased the prevalence of ulcers (P < 0.05) but did not significantly affect growth performance. Pigs that received melatonin had higher levels of melatonin (P < 0.01) in most gastrointestinal tissues, with highest concentrations found in the stomach (P < 0.001). Pigs that did not have ulcers had a higher concentration of melatonin in the plasma and stomach than pigs with ulcers (P < 0.05). Melatonin may be useful in decreasing ulcers. Initial ulcer condition may be a significant source of variation in growth experiments. Key words: Pigs, gastric ulcers, particle size, melatonin, gastrointestinal tract

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Do Antibiotics Reduce Production Risk for U.S. Pork Producers?

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s1074070800027085 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 565-575 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Xuanli Liu ◽

Gay Y. Miller ◽

Paul E. McNamara

Keyword(s):

Stochastic Dominance ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Risk Averse ◽

Swine Industry ◽

Production Risk ◽

Daily Gain ◽

The U.S ◽

Financial Analyses

We combine econometric and financial analyses of the NAHMS 2000 Swine Survey data to examine whether evidence exists for reducing risk by using antibiotics for growth promotion (AGP) in the U.S. swine industry. A stochastic dominance analysis of alternative lengths of time (days) of AGP application reveals that AGP used in the range of 65–75 days is preferred by risk-averse producers. Risk is reduced and profits are increased from use of AGP. The combined impacts of increased average daily gain and decreased variability in pig live weight increase producer profits by $2.99 per pig marketed.

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The bacterial infections of respiratory tract of swine

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah0702237d ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (5-6-2) ◽

pp. 237-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. Dosen ◽

J. Prodanov ◽

D. Milanov ◽

I. Stojanov ◽

I. Pusic

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Swine Production ◽

Bacterial Isolation ◽

E Coli ◽

Swine Farms ◽

Costs Of Treatment ◽

Daily Gain

Respiratory diseases are one of the most important problem in modern, intensive swine production, in the world but also in our country. Intensifying pig production increases frequency and economic importance of this disease, regardless to the measures for its control. Great economic losses are expressed through direct losses due to death and compulsory slaughter, reduced daily gain, a larger feed intake for average daily gain, prolonged time of fattening, enlarged costs of treatment and a high percentage of light pigs in abattoirs. As a material for research we used the parts of respiratory organs (the lungs and mediastinal lymphonodes) deriving from 125 pigs in total. The evaluation included animals from: 11 industrial swine farms, four medium sized swine farms, and swine deriving from 17 individual (private) backyards. Bacterial isolation was carried out by aerobic, anaerobic and microaerophyl microorganism cultivation. The identification included determination of their phisiological properties by biochemical characteristics. From the examined samples of respiratory organs, the most frequently were isolated Pasteurella sp. (26.57%), E. coli (26.57%), Streptococcus sp. (16.7%), Staphylococcus sp. (5.59%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.90%). The solitary infective agens from total 72 examined samples was isolated (57.60%), while in 53 examined samples (42.4%) the presence of mixed infection was detected.

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Effects of feeds on growth performance and nutritional composition of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings

Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujbs.v24i2.46326 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 153-159

Author(s):

Polash Chandra Dash ◽

Nahid Sultana ◽

Khandker Nesar Ahmed ◽

Mahmuda Begum ◽

Shankar Chandra Mandal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Specific Growth ◽

Condition Factor ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽

Fish Flesh ◽

Daily Gain

Effects of four different feeds on growth and nutrient composition of mrigal fingerlings (Cirrhinus mrigala) were evaluated. After 30 days of rearing growth parameters and quality of fish flesh were examined. During the rearing period, the change in growth and feed utilization by the mrigal fed with feeds have been assessed as condition factor (K), average daily gain (ADG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR).The highest FCR (6.23 ± 0.59) was found in the treatment 4 while the lowest (3.08 ± 0.10) in the treatment 1. The condition factor was highest (0.89 ± 0.01) in treatment 1 while the lowest (0.81 ± 0.05) in the treatment 4. After 30 days of rearing, moisture content of mrigal in different treatments was 77.2, 78.41, 76.99 and 77.86% in treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Protein was 17.15, 15.89, 16.90 and 14.76% in treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Lipid was 2.07, 2.22, 2.25 and 2.85% and ash content was 3.58, 3.48, 3.88 and 4.53% in four (1, 2, 3 and 4) treatments, respectively. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 24(2): 153-159, 2015 (July)

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