scholarly journals Cat and/or Dog Ownership, Cardiovascular Disease, and Obesity: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Cristina S. Barroso ◽  
Kathleen C. Brown ◽  
David Laubach ◽  
Marcy Souza ◽  
Linda M. Daugherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Dog Ownership ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The Relationship

Pet ownership, the most common human–animal interaction, is believed to bestow positive health benefits onto pet owners. However, there is limited research on substantiating these assertions. The aim of this review was to systematically identify, evaluate, and summarize primary research on the relationship between cat and/or dog ownership and cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and obesity to inform future research on pet ownership and chronic disease. How pet ownership was defined/measured, and identification of the chronic disease variables and health behaviors most often measured were emphasized. Two researchers independently searched PubMed and Web of Science, where One Health literature are mostly likely to be indexed, for peer-reviewed literature on pet ownership and CVD, T2D, and obesity. A review of 4541 titles and abstracts for relevance resulted in 34 manuscripts eligible for full-text review. Two researchers assessed each eligible manuscript and extracted data only from those that met the inclusion criteria (n = 14). Ten studies on CVD, four studies on obesity, and zero studies on T2D met the study criteria. The CVD and obesity variables varied and were not well described. The relationship between pet ownership and CVD and obesity varied (positive, negative, mixed effects, and no effect). Generalizability lacked across all studies: most studies were with Non-Hispanic White populations. Other areas of weakness were quality of study outcomes and instrument validity. Operationalization of pet ownership varied (from no verification to confirmed pet registration). Integration of the evidence-based influence of the human–animal connection through pet ownership on CVD and obesity may make prevention, mitigation, and treatment strategies more robust.

scholarly journals Elucidating the Relationship Between Insomnia, Sex, and Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 247028972098001
Author(s):  
Rebecca Leeds ◽  
Ari Shechter ◽  
Carmela Alcantara ◽  
Brooke Aggarwal ◽  
John Usseglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sex Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality have been attributed to differences in pathophysiology between men and women and to disparities in CVD management that disproportionately affect women compared to men. Similarly, there has been investigation of differences in the prevalence and presentation of insomnia attributable to sex. Few studies have examined how sex and insomnia interact to influence CVD outcomes, however. In this review, we summarize the literature on sex-specific differences in the prevalence and presentation of insomnia as well as existing research regarding the relationship between insomnia and CVD outcomes as it pertains to sex. Research to date indicate that women are more likely to have insomnia than men, and there appear to be differential associations in the relation between insomnia and CVD by sex. We posit potential mechanisms of the relationship between sex, insomnia and CVD, discuss gaps in the existing literature, and provide commentary on future research needed in this area. Unraveling the complex relations between sex, insomnia, and CVD may help to explain sex-specific differences in CVD, and identify sex-specific strategies for promotion of cardiovascular health. Throughout this review, terms “men” and “women” are used as they are in the source literature, which does not differentiate between sex and gender. The implications of this are also discussed.

Dog Ownership: A Complex Web?

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deena B. Case
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Dog Ownership ◽  
Human Animal Bond ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The Web

Current interest in pets and their therapeutic effects has created a need for comprehensive model of pet ownership. Although Kling and Scacchi's (1982) web model was designed to explain organizational computing systems, it makes a useful metaphor for dog ownership. The web model considers the resource to be an ensemble of equipment, applications and techniques, with costs and benefits only partially identifiable. A complex infrastructure is necessary to support the resource. Both resource and infrastructure are social objects, highly charged with meaning. Points from the web model were compared with examples from human-animal bond literature and the author's experience.

Alcoholism and Psychiatric Disorder

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Peace ◽  
Graham Mellsop
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Over the past 50 years the relationship between alcoholism and psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety and schizophrenia, has been the subject of a great deal of research. Psychiatric problems have been seen as both a cause and a result of alcoholism. Whatever the relation between alcoholism and psychiatric disorder is, it may have significance for the development of differentially effective treatment strategies. Several authors have argued that the presence and nature of psychiatric symptoms should form the basis of a classification system for alcoholics. Given the potential rewards of such a system for both understanding the aetiology of alcoholism and developing effective treatment strategies, it is important to have a clear picture of the nature and extent of this relationship. This paper reviews critically the published studies of the association between alcoholism and psychiatric disorder and outlines directions for future research.

scholarly journals Does dog or cat ownership lead to increased gastroenteritis in young children in South Australia?

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 926-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. HEYWORTH ◽  
H. CUTT ◽  
G. GLONEK
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Diary Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Dog Ownership ◽  
Multivariable Models ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dog and cat ownership and gastroenteritis in young children. A diary study of 965 children aged 4–6 years living in rural or semi-rural South Australia was undertaken. Data were collected on pet ownership, drinking water and other risk factors for gastroenteritis. Overall 89% of households had pets and dog ownership was more common than cat ownership. The multivariable models for gastroenteritis and pet ownership indicated that living in a household with a dog or cat was associated with a reduced risk of gastroenteritis (adj. OR 0·71, 95% CI 0·55–0·92; OR 0·70, % CI 0·51–0·97 respectively). This paper adds to the evidence that pets are not a major source of gastroenteritis in the home and lends support to the health benefits of pet ownership. However, this must be weighed against the potential negative consequences, such as dog bites, particularly for this age group.

Abstract 547: Glycocylated Hemoglobin Targets Among Diabetics and Cardiovascular Disease: Do We Need to Change Focus?

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer T Oni ◽  
Siva Buddhavarapu ◽  
Kunal Nangrani, ◽  
Ricky Patel ◽  
Chinelo Madubum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Diabetes is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) targets are surrogate markers to monitor disease progression and guide treatment. While HbA1C targets are relevant in ascertaining glycemic control, the relationship of the established cutoffs and cardiovascular disease risk are not clear. Methods: We conducted a step wise logistic regression from a cohort of 1,065 diabetic patients attending the Ambulatory Care Clinic at The Brooklyn Hospital Center between 2012- 2014. CAD was defined as a diagnosis of coronary artery disease in the health records. Results: Twelve percent were females, 9% of the individuals achieved an HbA1C target ≤ 7%., and 12% had a history of CAD. Thirty-eight percent were taking metformin, 18% were on insulin. Only 7% of individuals with CAD had their A1C at target. Both a linear regression of HbA1C and logistic regression of HbA1C > 7% did not show any significant association with CAD, See table 1. Conclusion: This cross-sectional analysis of diabetic patients on treatment did not show an association between glycosylated hemoglobin and CAD. It is therefore imperative for future studies to evaluate the relationship between HbA1C and cardiovascular outcomes and ascertain the usefulness of this marker to guide CVD treatment strategies in diabetics. Model 1-unadusted, Model 2- adjusted for BMI, Model 3- adjusted for BMI, LDL, HDL, gender, Metformin use, insulin use.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship Between Physical Activity Knowledge, Health Outcomes Expectancies, and Behavior

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie M. Heinrich ◽  
Jay Maddock ◽  
Adrian Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Outcome ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Despite clear health benefits of physical activity, previous research has been limited in linking knowledge of physical activity recommendations to actual behavior.Methods:Using Expectancy Theory, we examined whether an individual’s health outcome expectancies from physical activity might provide the missing link between knowledge and behavior. With data from a cross-sectional survey, we assessed differences between how much moderate physical activity people thought they needed for health benefits compared with what they thought experts recommended and the relationship of these differences to physical activity behaviors.Results:Our hypothesis that people with positive health outcome expectancies would report more minutes of physical activity than those with neutral or negative health outcome expectancies was supported for all self-reported physical activity behaviors (P < .001).Conclusions:It appears that the health outcome expectancy of needing more physical activity than recommended by experts is correlated with achieving more physical activity, regardless of type. Future research should address health outcome expectancies as a way to impact physical activity.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic disparities in the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the US population: NHANES III

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. DOWD ◽  
A. E. AIELLO ◽  
D. E. ALLEY
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYThere is a strong relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health outcomes in the United States, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. Increasing evidence points to links between lifelong exposure to infectious disease and subsequent chronic disease. Exposure and susceptibility to infections may be one way SES affects long-term health, although little population-based research to date has examined social patterning of infections in the United States. This paper tests the relationship between income, education, race/ethnicity and seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection at different ages in a representative sample of the US population, and tests potential mediators for these relationships. The study finds significant racial and socioeconomic disparities in CMV seroprevalence beginning at early ages and persisting into middle age. Potential exposures do not explain the relationship between SES and CMV positivity. Because reactivation of latent CMV infections may contribute to chronic disease and immune decline later in life, future research should determine the exposure or susceptibility pathways responsible for these disparities in the prevalence of CMV infection.

scholarly journals Establishing how social capital is studied in relation to cardiovascular disease and identifying gaps for future research—A scoping review protocol

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249751
Author(s):  
Marie Parker ◽  
Xiangming Fang ◽  
Shannon Renee Self-Brown ◽  
Ali Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction Though the relationship between social capital and health has been widely studied, the evidence of this relationship in cardiovascular disease is limited, with varied and inconsistent measures. This scoping review seeks to address this gap by answering the following questions: (1) How has social capital been characterized and measured in the literature related to cardiovascular disease? and (2) What gaps exist in the evaluation of the relationship between social capital and cardiovascular disease? Materials and methods A scoping review will be used to answer the research questions. The scoping review will apply established methods described by Arksey and O’Malley, Levac and colleagues, and the Joanne Briggs Institute: (1) identifying the research question(s); (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) selecting the studies; (4) charting the data; and (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. Results Our findings will be reported in accordance with the guidance provided in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. Discussion The synthesis of this evidence base is intended to provide a framework for how social capital has been defined and measured in the cardiovascular literature, with additional guidance for future research and evaluation. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and presentations at relevant seminars.

scholarly journals Provider Responses to Patients With Chronic Conditions Who Follow a Plant-Based Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Michiel A. van Zyl ◽  
Lesley M. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes

Family involvement is encouraged to manage conditions and address issues of noncompliance in chronic disease. This study explored the patient–provider partnership experiences of highly motivated patients who are adherent to an evidence-supported eating plan. This study used a focus group with leaders of a patient-driven support group for patients with chronic disease who follow a plant-based eating plan. Positive health outcomes were met with both praise and skepticism. After experiencing improved health, participants felt betrayed by the healthcare system because they were not informed about the eating plan as a treatment option. Sharing treatment options is important inclusive of interventions that may be difficult to adhere to. Future research should focus on positive health outcomes as a motivator and the nature and dynamics of optimum collaboration between providers and patients.

The Companion Animal Bonding Scale: Internal Reliability and Construct Validity

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Poresky ◽  
Charles Hendrix ◽  
Jacob E. Mosier ◽  
Marvin L. Samuelson
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Weak Effect ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The literature on the relationship of companion animals and children shows only a weak effect of human-animal bonding on child development. The use of “pet ownership” or cohabitation rather than the relationship or interaction between the child and the animal as a measure of bonding appears to be a serious and limiting deficiency, which impaired the empirical evidence concerning the development and effects of human-animal bonding. The Companion Animal Bonding Scale is an 8-item behavioral scale describing the extent of child-animal activities. The scale was administered by questionnaire with a childhood focus and a contemporary focus to 121 high school and college students. The Cronbach alpha estimates of internal reliability were 0.82 and 0.77, respectively. Construct validity was indicated by significant correlations between scores on the Pet Attitude Scale and the childhood and contemporary bonding scale of .39 and .40, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document