scholarly journals Photo-Catalytic Remediation of Pesticides in Wastewater Using UV/TiO2

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3080
Author(s):  
Mohamed H. EL-Saeid ◽  
Modhi O. Alotaibi ◽  
Mashael Alshabanat ◽  
Khadiga Alharbi ◽  
Abeer S. Altowyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Dependent Effect

One of the most serious environmental concerns worldwide is the consequences of industrial wastes and agricultural usage leading to pesticide residues in water. At present, a wide range of pesticides are used directly to control pests and diseases. However, environmental damage is expected even at their low concentration because they are sustained a long time in nature, which has a negative impact on human health. In this study, photolysis and photocatalysis of the pesticides dieldrin and deltamethrin were tested at two UV wavelengths (254 and 306 nm) and in different test media (distilled water, wastewater, and agricultural wastewater) to examine their ability to eliminate pesticides. TiO2 (0.001 g/10 mL) was used as a catalyst for each treatment. The purpose was to determine the influence of UV wavelength, exposure time, and catalyst addition on the pesticide decomposition processes in different water types. Water was loaded with the tested pesticides (2000 µg) for 12 h under UV irradiation, and the pesticide concentrations were measured at 2 h intervals after UV irradiation. The results showed a clear effect of UV light on the pesticides photodegradations that was both a wavelength- and time-dependent effect. Photolysis was more effective at λ = 306 nm than at λ = 254 nm. Furthermore, TiO2 addition (0.001 g/10 mL) increased the degradation at both tested wavelengths and hence could be considered a potential catalyst for both pesticide degradations. Deltamethrin was more sensitive to UV light than dieldrin under all conditions.

Effect of 172-nm UV irradiation on polyimide and its application in surface modification by grafting

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 761-774
Author(s):  
Lopamudra Das ◽  
John C Poutsma ◽  
Michael J Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grafting Reactions ◽  
Sample Position

Polyimides (PIs) have a wide range of industrial and scientific applications due to their excellent thermal and mechanical stability and chemical resistance. Their response to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is of further interest in high-value applications such as spacecraft technology and electronics packaging. In this work, we investigated the effect of 172-nm UV xenon excimer lamp irradiation on samples of pyromellitimido-oxydianiline (PMDA-ODA) commercial films in the absence of oxygen. The average irradiance received at the sample position was 90 mW/cm2, and the total radiation dosage varied from 0 to 64 J/cm2. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle measurements were used to characterize the effect. Calculated UV-visible spectroscopy absorption spectra were obtained using the ZINDO//B3LYP/3-21G method to give an indication of which orbitals are involved in the transitions near 172 nm. The reactivity of the different UV-treated PI samples toward nitrogen-borne heptafluorodecene vapor was then investigated using the above techniques. Grafting reactions occurred on the surface of the photochemically activated polymer. This study explored the potential for modification of PI surfaces using UV-light-assisted grafting to impart valuable functionalities.

Control of insect pests by plant genetic engineering

1992 ◽  
Vol 99 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angharad M. R. Gatehouse ◽  
Vaughan A. Hilder ◽  
John A. Gatehouse
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Second World ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Crop protection against pests and diseases is of prime importance and plays a major role in agricultural production both in the Developed and Developing parts of the world.Although chemical pesticides have been in use for a long time it is only since the Second World War that a very heavy and almost exclusive reliance has been placed upon their use. This, in many cases, has resulted in the rapid build-up of resistance by insect pests to such compounds, as is illustrated by the rapidly developed resistance to the organochloride insecticides by the cotton bollworm, Heliothis virescens. Indeed, there are many examples of resistance in a major pest being observed within the first year of field use (Metcalf 1986). In some cases the indiscriminate application of pesticides has exacerbated the problem of insect herbivory where elimination of a wide range of predatory species along with the primary pests has resulted in secondary pests becoming primary pests themselves with even more devastating effects (Heinrichs & Mochida 1983).

Nano-Ripple ZnO-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Applications in Self-Powered Ultraviolet Detector

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 7369-7373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
External Power ◽  
Self Powered

Ultraviolet (UV) detectors have a wide range of commercial applications. However, most UV light detectors require an external power source, which limits their applications as portable and/or wearable electronics. In this work, a self-powered UV detector based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology is demonstrated. Nano-ripple zinc oxide (ZnO) film acting as both UV-sensitive and triboelectric material was synthesized by a simple sol–gel method. The self-powered UV sensor detected UV irradiation without an external power source. The open-circuit voltage of the device under UV irradiation was 130 V, which was 2.3 times higher than the output of the device in the dark. Possible operating mechanisms of the device, which is based on the contact electrification process, are described.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

Sustainability and adaptability of regional development in the conditions of digitalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1550-1613
Author(s):  
O.E. Akimova ◽  
S.K. Volkov ◽  
E.A. Gladkaya ◽  
I.M. Kuzlaeva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Regional Inequality ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Smart Technologies

Subject. The article discusses the sustainability of regional economy development, its definition, and the substance of sustainable development. Objectives. We aim at performing a comprehensive analysis of indicators of sustainability and adaptability of regional development in the context of digitalization, formulating a strategy for economic behavior that takes into account the multidimensional nature of regional inequality and is focused on boosting the economic potential of regions. Methods. The study draws on dialectic and systems approaches, general scientific methods of retrospective, situational, economic and statistical, and comparative analysis. Results. The sustainability of the region focuses on improving the human welfare over long time horizon. This happens in three areas, i.e. maximizing the efficiency of resource use; ensuring justice and democracy; minimizing resource consumption and environmental damage. The stability of the region can be assessed by using one parameter, or by combining the parameters in accordance with the type of region and expected results. Conclusions. The adaptation of a region to changing conditions depends on its type (‘adapted’, ‘adaptive’, and ‘non-adapted’). Regional inequality has two main components: difference in economic potential and social satisfaction of residents. Another component, affecting the stability and adaptability of regions, is the level of their digitalization. However, some regions have only formally embarked on the path of digitalization. Moreover, a focus on smart technologies, solutions and digitalization often leads to ignoring the goals of sustainable development. Smart technologies should be aimed at ensuring sustainability within the framework of the smart sustainable city concept.

Green Synthesis of ZnO/Dy/NiO Heterostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Shubha Jayachamarajapura Pranesh ◽  
Diwya Lanka
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Hybrid Nanostructure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Visible Light Active ◽  
Textile Industries ◽  
Photocatalytic Applications

Background: Textile industries discharge harmful synthetic dyes to nearby water sources. These colour effluents should be treated before discharge to reduce the toxicity caused by synthetic colours. Objective: To synthesize visible light active superstructures to reduce water pollution caused by textile industries. Methods: We have successfully synthesized ZnO/Dy/NiO hybrid nanocomposites using waste curd as fuel by a simple combustion method. The obtained material was able to reduce recombination and enhanced the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. The as-synthesized material was characterized by XRD, absorption spectroscopy, FESEM, EDAX, etc. The obtained hybrid nanostructure was used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue under sunlight, UV light as well as in dark. Comparative experiments were carried out with a variation of catalytic load, pH, dye concentrations, etc. for a better understanding of the performance of the catalyst at various conditions. Results and Conclusion: The ternary compound shows wide range of absorption by expanding absorption band both in UV and visible regions. ZnO/Dy/NiO hybrid nanocomposites performed well and showed uniqueness in the activity uder visible light.

Comperehencive review of Tankana

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Jyotsna Sankpal ◽  
Dr. Jyotsna Takalikar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time

Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana is branch of the ancient Indian medical science based on herbs and herbo-mineral preparation. Tankana has been described under Uparasa Tankana, which is one among the Kshara Trayas has been used since very long time in Ayurveda. It has a wide range of therapeutic applications, including diseases like Varna (ulcers), Shvasa (asthma), Kasa (cough), Hrudya (beneficial to heart disease), Streepushpajanana (menstrual disorders) etc. It is used in the form of compound formulations like Parpati, Kupipakwa, Khalvee Rasayana, Churna, Vati, Lepa etc. In this paper Tankana Shodhana procedure, different synonyms, dose, Anupana, indications and different formulations containing Tankana Bhasma has been discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Leaching on Photodegraded Scots Pine and Spruce Timbers Monitored by FTIR Spectroscopy

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 833
Author(s):  
Edina Preklet ◽  
László Tolvaj ◽  
Eszter Visi-Rajczi ◽  
Tamás Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Absorption Increase

The goal of this research was the systematic study and comparison of the divided individual effects of UV light irradiation and water leaching during artificial weathering. Spruce (Picea abies Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) samples were irradiated by ultraviolet (UV) light. Another sequence of samples was treated with the combination of UV irradiation and water leaching. The total extent of UV treatment was 20 days for both series of samples. Time relation of UV irradiation and water leaching was 2:1. The chemical changes were observed by FTIR spectroscopy. The difference spectrum was used for determination of the chemical changes. Degradation of lignin was greater for the leached samples than for the pure UV treated samples. Scots pine suffered greater lignin degradation than spruce, and produced higher absorption increase on the absorption region of unconjugated carbonyls. The unconjugated carbonyl groups were the most responsive chemical elements to leaching. Spruce was more susceptible to leaching of unconjugated carbonyl groups than Scots pine. Two absorption bands of unconjugated carbonyl groups at 1706 and 1764 cm−1 wavenumbers were produced by photodegradation. The absorption band at 1764 cm−1 was more sensitive to water leaching than the band at 1706 cm−1.

scholarly journals Treatment patterns and appropriateness of antipsychotic prescriptions in patients with schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Gamón ◽  
Isabel Hurtado ◽  
José Salazar-Fraile ◽  
Gabriel Sanfélix-Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Patterns ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Antipsychotic Medications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
High Level

AbstractSchizophrenia is a chronic mental condition presenting a wide range of symptoms. Although it has a low prevalence compared to other mental conditions, it has a negative impact on social and occupational functions. This study aimed to assess the appropriateness of antipsychotic medications administered to schizophrenic patients and describe current treatment patterns for schizophrenia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in all patients over the age of 15 with an active diagnosis of schizophrenia and treated with antipsychotics between 2008 and 2013 in the Valencia region. A total of 19,718 patients were eligible for inclusion. The main outcome assessed was inappropriateness of the pharmacotherapeutic management, including polypharmacy use. Altogether, 30.4% of patients received antipsychotic polypharmacy, and 6.8% were prescribed three or more antipsychotics. Overdosage affected 318 individuals (1.6%), and 21.5% used concomitant psychotropics without an associated psychiatric diagnosis. Women and people with a comorbid condition like anxiety or depression were less likely to receive antipsychotic polypharmacy. In contrast, increased polypharmacy was associated with concomitant treatment with other psychoactive drugs, and only in user on maintenance therapy, with more visits to the mental health hospital. Overall, we observed a high level of inappropriateness in antipsychotic prescriptions. Greater adherence to guidelines could maximize the benefits of antipsychotic medications while minimizing risk of adverse effects.

scholarly journals Production of Microfibrillated Cellulose from Fast-Growing Poplar and Olive Tree Pruning by Physical Pretreatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6445
Author(s):  
David Ibarra ◽  
Raquel Martín-Sampedro ◽  
Bernd Wicklein ◽  
Úrsula Fillat ◽  
María E. Eugenio
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Microfibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pfi Refining ◽  
Tree Pruning

Motivated by the negative impact of fossil fuel consumption on the environment, the need arises to produce materials and energy from renewable sources. Cellulose, the main biopolymer on Earth, plays a key role in this context, serving as a platform for the development of biofuels, chemicals and novel materials. Among the latter, micro- and nanocellulose have been receiving increasing attention in the last few years. Their many attractive properties, i.e., thermal stability, high mechanical resistance, barrier properties, lightweight, optical transparency and ease of chemical modification, allow their use in a wide range of applications, such as paper or polymer reinforcement, packaging, construction, membranes, bioplastics, bioengineering, optics and electronics. In view of the increasing demand for traditional wood pulp (e.g., obtained from eucalypt, birch, pine, spruce) for micro/nanocellulose production, dedicated crops and agricultural residues can be interesting as raw materials for this purpose. This work aims at achieving microfibrillated cellulose production from fast-growing poplar and olive tree pruning using physical pretreatment (PFI refining) before the microfibrillation stage. Both raw materials yielded microfibrillated cellulose with similar properties to that obtained from a commercial industrial eucalypt pulp, producing films with high mechanical properties and low wettability. According to these properties, different applications for cellulose microfibers suspensions and films are discussed.

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