Age-related variability in the stellate sturgeon domestication in industrial conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Grigory Andreyevich Shishanov
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Stellate Sturgeon ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Closed Water ◽  
Age Related Changes

Morphometric studies are fundamental in the domestication of new fish species. Despite the obvious dependence of the morphological parameters of fish on habitat conditions, they are currently used as the main criteria for the approval of breeding achievements, and a measure of the processes of domestication and selection. In this regard, we have begun work to study the variability of morphological characters in the process of domestication of stellate sturgeon (Asipenser stellatus, Pall) in a closed water supply. Researched sturgeon of Volga origin grown from caviar in artificial conditions in a closed water supply installation. At the first stage, 25 morphological parameters of stellate sturgeon underyearlings were studied. At the second stage, six years later, morphological studies were repeated in the same group of fish. Comparison of the average values of the indicators indicates the following trends in their change with the age of the fish: the relative length and height of the head, the rostrum (rr), and the diameter of the eye, the width of the mouth and the width of the break of the lower lip decrease; the indicators of the distance between the fins relative to the end of the snout and between themselves increase, the smallest and largest body height. At the same time, the most significant significant differences between underyearlings and six-year-olds were found in body height and head length. Similar changes are observed with age in most fish, including sturgeon. They are associated with the development of swimming muscles, physiological changes and demonstrate the expected biological age-related changes. The presented data on age-related changes in morphological parameters show the erroneousness of using sturgeon underyearlings as a control group for assessing uniformity and stability for distinctness.

Influence of Badminton Practice on Age-Related Changes in Patellar and Achilles Tendons

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez ◽  
Pablo Abián ◽  
Filipa Sousa ◽  
Fernando Jimenez ◽  
Javier Abián-Vicén
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Tendon Stiffness ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Regular sport practice could prevent age-related changes in tendinous tissues. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of regular badminton practice on patellar and Achilles tendon mechanical properties in senior competitive badminton players (>35 years old) and to compare the results with physically active people matched by age. One hundred ninety-two badminton players and 193 physically active people were divided by age into four groups, between 35 and 44 (U45), between 45 and 54 (U55), between 55 and 64 (U65), and over 65 (O65) years old. A LogiqS8 transducer in elastography mode and a MyotonPRO myotonometer were used to assess patellar and Achilles mechanical properties. Achilles tendon stiffness was higher in the control group than the badminton players for the U45, U55, and O65 age groups (p < .01). Also, the elastography index was higher in the control group than the badminton players for the U45, U55, U65, and O65 age groups (p < .05). In conclusion, regular badminton practice could prevent the decline in mechanical properties of the patellar and Achilles tendons.

scholarly journals Distribution and internal correlations of corneal astigmatism in cataract patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanfeng Jiang ◽  
Ying Qin ◽  
Shaochong Bu ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Xiaomin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Corneal Astigmatism ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Summation Effect ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cataract Patients ◽  
Age Related Changes ◽  
Anterior Corneal Astigmatism ◽  
Posterior Corneal Astigmatism ◽  
Total Corneal Astigmatism

AbstractThe aim of the study is to explore the distribution patterns and internal correlations of the morphological parameters of the cornea in patients with age-related cataract. The Pentacam HR was used to measure anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA), posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA), total corneal astigmatism (TCA) and keratometric corneal astigmatism (KCA). With age, the proportion of with-the-rule (WTR) ACA decreased from 65.31% to 23.63%, while the against-the-rule (ATR) ACA increased from 26.53% to 56.20%. PCA exceeded 0.50 D in 9.14% of eyes, while 76.35% of them were ATR. The magnitude of ACA was positively correlated with PCA in the whole sample, with a more significant correlation in WTR eyes (sr = 0.349, P < 0.001). The vector summation effect of PCA to ACA changed from compensation to augmentation with aging. In 57.53% of WTR eyes, KCA was overestimated by an average of 0.21 ± 0.17 D, while it was underestimated by 0.38 ± 0.27 D in 87.62% of ATR eyes. In conclusion, among age-related cataract patients, ACA and TCA gradually shifted from WTR to ATR with aging, while most PCA remained as ATR. Ignoring the age-related changes and real PCA might cause overestimation of WTR astigmatism and underestimation of ATR astigmatism.

scholarly journals Morphological parameters of geese blood in amidostomy invasion

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (102) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
S. Mykhailiutenko ◽  
O. Zhulinska
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Amidostomum Anseris ◽  
The Village

The vital activity of the body of waterfowl depends on many factors, but primarily on the state of the erythrocytopoiesis system. This is a unique mechanism that occupies a dominant position in ensuring tissue respiration and stability of metabolic processes in the body. Based on research and analysis of publications, it can be argued that changes in erythrocytopoiesis indicate a pathological condition, which in the early stages of helminthiasis occurs without pronounced clinical signs. It is known that the nematode – Amidostomum anseris – hematophagous. The condition of erythrocytopoiesis is most studied in cattle and carnivores. In Ukraine, not enough attention is paid to the study of morphological parameters in geese. Therefore, in order to determine the effect of amidost on the morphological parameters of sick goslings, an experimental group of birds aged 1.5 months, as well as a control group (eight heads in each) was formed. The work was performed in the conditions of individual peasant farms in the village of Decembrists of Myrhorod district of the Poltava region. Morphological parameters were studied according to generally accepted methods. The article summarizes the results of the experiment on the effect of amidostom on the performance of infested goslings of the large gray breed. It was found that parasitism in waterfowl species A. anseris led to changes in the overall analysis of the blood of geese: a decrease in hemoglobin by 8.39, the number of erythrocytes – 13.46 %, a significant increase in the number of leukocytes to 24.44 G/l. At the same time, a morphological study of the shaped elements of the bird's blood with a differential calculation of the leukocyte formula was performed. There was a decrease in the number of segmental neutrophils (22.0 ± 0.57) compared with the control group (26.5 ± 1.45) due to lymphocytes and monocytes, which, in our opinion, is associated with the adaptation of the organism to parasitism of nematodes. The results of morphological studies of the blood of infested goslings indicate significant changes in their body and may indicate activation of the cellular immune system.

Features of growth and development of the skeleton in Simmental and crossbred steers during ontogenesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
I. P. Prokhorov ◽  
A. N. Pikul ◽  
V. N. Lukyanov ◽  
O. A. Kalmykova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Axial Part ◽  
Lower Growth Rate ◽  
Age Related Changes

The results of age-related changes in the morphological composition of carcasses, features of growth and development of the axial and peripheral parts of the skeleton, and their constituent bones, Simmental and crossbred steers have been presented in the paper. The purpose of the research was to study the features of growth and development of the skeleton of Simmental and crossbred steers. The research has been carried out on the basis of the Tula Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture – a branch of the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka”. In order to conduct experiments 3 groups of steers have been formed per 15 heads in each with using the method of analogous pairs. Animals of Simmental breed were included in the 1st control group, and in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups consist of 1/2-blood steers of beef Simmental and Charollais breeds, respectively, obtained from crossbreeding Simmental cows with sires of these beef breeds. The experiment lasted until the 18-month-old of steers. It has been found that the intensity of bone growth in the axial and peripheral parts of the skeleton was due to age-related changes in the absolute and relative bone mass of steers. The intensity of growth of the axial part of the skeleton in the postnatal period increased, and the peripheral decreased. The ribs and spine were characterized by the increased growth rate, while the thoracic and pelvic limbs were characterized by the lower growth rate. The intensity of bone growth in the proximal parts of the limbs exceeded that of the distal parts. Age-related differences in the intensity of growth of the skeletal parts led to changes in the ratio between the linear body size and the features of the steers’ constitution. The value of the long-legness indices in Charolais crossbreds decreased from 65,4 at birth to 53,6 and 46,6 at the age of 6 and 12 months, respectively, while the lengthiness indices on the contrary increased and in these age periods amounted to 93,4, 105,4 and 114,9, respectively.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in Strength, Joint Laxity, and Walking Patterns: Are They Related to Knee Osteoarthritis?

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1422-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine S Rudolph ◽  
Laura C Schmitt ◽  
Michael D Lewek
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris Muscle ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Femoris Muscle ◽  
Age Related Changes

Background and Purpose Aging is associated with musculoskeletal changes and altered walking patterns. These changes are common in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and may precipitate the development of OA. We examined age-related changes in musculoskeletal structures and walking patterns to better understand the relationship between aging and knee OA. Methods Forty-four individuals without OA (15 younger, 15 middle-aged, 14 older adults) and 15 individuals with medial knee OA participated. Knee laxity, quadriceps femoris muscle strength (force-generating capacity), and gait were assessed. Results Medial laxity was greater in the OA group, but there were no differences between the middle-aged and older control groups. Quadriceps femoris strength was less in the older control group and in the OA group. During the stance phase of walking, the OA group demonstrated less knee flexion and greater knee adduction, but there were no differences in knee motion among the control groups. During walking, the older control group exhibited greater quadriceps femoris muscle activity and the OA group used greater muscle co-contraction. Discussion and Conclusion Although weaker, the older control group did not use truncated motion or higher co-contraction. The maintenance of movement patterns that were similar to the subjects in the young control group may have helped to prevent development of knee OA. Further investigation is warranted regarding age-related musculoskeletal changes and their influence on the development of knee OA.

AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN THE CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF THE I AND II PHALANGES, THEIR BONE MARROW CAVITIES AND COMPACTS IN THE POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS OF ROMANOV SHEEP

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Postnatal Ontogenesis ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Age Related Changes

The article presents the results of morphological studies of cross-sectional area growth in the first and second phalanges, their bone-marrow cavities and compacted tissue in the postnatal ontogenesis of Ro-manov sheep. As the material for this work we used the I and II phalanges, taken from the left thoracic limb of opposite gender twins at birth, as well as at 3,6,9,12 months of age and in adults 3–4 years of age. To identify phalanges development patterns we used classical morphological methods of research: we determined the growth rate (“K”), age-related changes in the cross-sectional area of the first and second fingers, their bone-marrow cavities and compacts in the studied age periods (M ± m) and in relation to the same indicator in adult sheep in %.. The received digital material was subjected to static processing. It was established that, due to the periosteal growth of bone tissue, cross-sectional area of the I and II phalanges increases all the time, reaching the definitive value by 12 months at the I phalanx, and in the II phalanx it occurs somewhat later. More accelerated periosteal growth is observed in both phalanges in the first three months of lambs’ life. Due to the processes of bone resorption on the side of endosteum, the same thing happens with the cross section of bone marrow cavities, they only reach the definitive state a little earlier, that was noted in the cross section of the bones. In general, the intensity of periosteal growth and resorption processes occur more quickly in I phalanges compared with II.

Age-Related Changes in Rat Optic Nerve: Morphological Studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cavallotti ◽  
D. Cavallotti ◽  
N. Pescosolido ◽  
E. Pacella
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 864-872
Author(s):  
Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽  
Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Renata Mancopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

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