RUSSIAN SPACE IN THE PROCESS OF HISTORICAL TRANSITIONS (TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE THEORY OF POST-SOVIET SYSTEM TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SPACE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-100
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Shvetsov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Participation ◽  
Deep Meaning

As an object of research in the article, the phenomenon of the Russian space, taken in a long historical retrospective, appears, the subject issues of the study of which are the prerequisites, meanings and content, as well as significant cause-and-effect relationships and the dynamics of its transformations. It is shown that the processes of acquisition and development (colonization) of the country’s space took many centuries, took place in different directions, with different intensity and were initially associated with special motives, extraordinary efforts and contradictory consequences. The cornerstones of the main stages of transformation of the Russian space — pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet — are considered. A theoretical understanding of the modern stage is proposed, the deep meaning of which the author associates with the need to remove the main contradiction of the spatial organization of life in the country, due to the abrupt transition of the country «from socialism to the market». The driving forces and limitations of the formation of a new configuration of space are highlighted, the course and content of this transition process are predicted. In the author’s understanding, the ongoing transition is characterized by a complex interweaving of reforms and counter-reforms: the market-federative reversal of the 1990s (with its well-known excesses of reformation radicalism) is opposed by a mechanistic one that ignores the realities of the established market-capitalist system, and therefore counterproductive reproduction of a number of Soviet planning and placement algorithms of public administration. The conceptual approach to the consideration of the organization of the socio-economic space as a large complex dynamic open system and to the interpretation of its transformation processes as systemic transformations is substantiated. The deep Russian features of state participation in the transformation of the socio-economic space are revealed, the requirements for the current state regional policy are formulated.

Three questions to political economy (An attempt of system introspection)

2018 ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Kleiner
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Linear Component ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
System Paradigm

The development of the system paradigm in economic science leads to the formulation of a number of important questions to the political economy as one of the basic directions of economic theory. In this article, on the basis of system introspection, three questions are considered. The first is the relevance of the class approach to the structuring of the socio-economic space; the second is the feasibility of revising the notion of property in the modern world; the third is the validity of the notion of changing formations as the sequence of “slave-owning system — feudal system — capitalist system”. It is shown that in modern society the system approach to the structuring of socio-economic space is more relevant than the class one. Today the classical notion of “property” does not reflect the diversity of production and economic relations in society and should be replaced by the notion of “system property”, which provides a significant expansion of the concepts of “subject of property” and “object of property”. The change of social formations along with the linear component has a more influential cyclic constituent and obeys the system-wide cyclic regularity that reflects the four-cycle sequence of the dominance of one of the subsystems of the macrosystem: project, object, environment and process.

scholarly journals Suppliers as Key Collaborators for Sustainable Tourism Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Mette Hjalager
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Internal Action

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce a conceptual approach to understanding driving forces for innovation in sustainable tourism development. The model underpins the fact that innovation in tourism is not solely the effect of a strategic and wilful internal action in tourism firms and organisations, but also the consequences of external driving forces. Further, the article offers a more detailed review of the importance of suppliers as (one of several) push factors for sustainable tourism development. Examples are provided, and possibilities and limitations in terms of a rapid development of more sustainable practices in tourism are discussed. A four-field model aims at stimulating the search for new forms of collaboration between tourism firms and their suppliers in the upstream supply chain, and it adds dimensions to the traditional perspectives on value chains in tourism.

Local Currency Settlement between China and Russia in the Post-Covid-19 Era: Current State, Challenges and Solutions Part II

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Dmitrii A. Mitjajev ◽  
◽  
Alexander I. Ageev ◽  
Mikhail V. Ershov ◽  
Violetta V. Arkhipova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
New World ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Financial Cooperation ◽  
Local Currency ◽  
Current State ◽  
World Economic ◽  
World Economic Order

The paper continues the publication with the same title and is devoted to the development of currency and financial cooperation between Russia and China. This part of the study contains the main proposals for stimulating of local currency settlements for the analyzed countries and “recipes” for creating new world economic order. In the first part of the work the special attention is paid to the processes of payment systems’ conjugation, development of digital currencies and the idea of creating a collective currency in the Eurasian economic space. The second part is devoted to systemic reforms of the global financial and economic system.

Russia and Europe: historical lessons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Vinokurov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
Otto Von Bismarck ◽  
The Military

Тhe article deals with the results of the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. The analysis of these largest wars in the history of Russian-European relations is carried out, their comparison is made, their nature, character and driving forces are revealed. On the basis of this, it is concluded that both sides have not made the proper conclusions: Europe — in terms of the expediency and consequences of an attack on Russia, thereby violating the will of the iron Chancellor Otto von Bismarck: "Make alliances with anyone, start any wars, but never touch the Russians." Russia — timely opening and preparation for the upcoming tests in relations with Europe. Against the background of more than 200 years of history, the current state of relations between Russia and Europe, which has reached a low level, is considered. Although the leading European states, Germany and France, have not stopped political contacts with Russia, but the content of these contacts has become significantly poorer, the format has narrowed, and the tone has sharpened. In the military sphere, Europe in the Russian direction follows in principle the same course as the United States. Within the framework of NATO, European countries, led by the United States, have taken a number of steps that have restored, so far at a symbolic level, the military confrontation with Russia in eastern Europe. Moscow, for its part, has stepped up its own military activities near its western borders. As a result, Europe has ceased to be the island of security that it remained for the previous quarter of a century. This does not mean, of course, that relations between Russia and European countries are ending. In fact, Russia's practical needs require easing tensions with Europe as its largest trade and economic partner. With this in mind, Moscow has achieved some success in replacing the almost non-existentties with Brussels with meaningful bilateral relations with some EU countries. Despite the fact that the European Union's foreign policy apparatus is unable to form a unified geopolitical, economic and cultural front against Moscow, there is every reason to believe that the Kremlin intends to be guided by this strategy of bilateral relations in the coming years.

eParticipation in Europe

2015 ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
Efthimios Tambouris ◽  
Ann Macintosh ◽  
Efpraxia Dalakiouridou ◽  
Simon Smith ◽  
Eleni Panopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
European Policies ◽  
Vast Range

During the past few years, information and communication technologies and especially the internet are increasingly used in a vast range of human activities, including citizens' interaction with government. In this context, advanced technologies are also being used to more actively engage citizens in democratic processes, which are termed as electronic participation (eParticipation). eParticipation has attracted considerable attention worldwide. In Europe, a large number of initiatives have been funded providing valuable lessons. The aim of this chapter is to map the current state of eParticipation in Europe and provide practical recommendations. More specifically, the authors first present the results of a review of policy documents in the European Union in order to understand how eParticipation fits into European policies. They then present an analytical framework to aid theoretical understanding of eParticipation, followed by the results of a European study on eParticipation initiatives. Based on all these, the authors propose a number of recommendations on eParticipation for policy makers, practitioners, evaluators and research funders.

scholarly journals Analysis of local ice crystal growth in snow

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (232) ◽  
pp. 378-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
QUIRINE KROL ◽  
HENNING LÖWE
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Mean Curvature ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Interface Velocity ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Secondary Process ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Vapor Flux ◽  
Air Interface

ABSTRACTThe structural evolution of snow under metamorphism is one of the key challenges in snow modeling. The main driving forces for metamorphism are curvature differences and temperature gradients, inducing water vapor transport and corresponding crystal growth, which is detectable by the motion of the ice/air interface. To provide quantitative means for a microscopic validation of metamorphism models, a VTK-based image analysis method is developed to track the ice/air interface in time-lapse μCT experiments to measure local interface velocities under both, isothermal and temperature gradient conditions. Using estimates of local temperatures from microstructure-based finite element simulations, a quantitative comparison of measured interface velocities with theoretical expressions is facilitated. For isothermal metamorphism, the data are compared with a kinetics and a diffusion limited growth law. In both cases the data are largely scattered but consistently show a mean curvature dependency of the interface velocity. For temperature gradient metamorphism, we confirm that the main contribution stems from the temperature gradient induced vapor flux, accompanied by effects of mean curvature as a secondary process. The scatter and uncertainties are discussed in view of the present theoretical understanding, the experimental setup and complications such as mechanical deformations.

The nonlinear dynamics of journal bearings

1990 ◽  
Vol 332 (1624) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Hopf Bifurcations ◽  
Qualitative Behaviour ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Geometrical Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dimensional Parameters ◽  
Analytical Approaches

The journal bearing is ubiquitous in moving mechanical systems, and is a major potential target for study in the field of lubrication theory. Despite this, theoretical understanding of its dynamic behaviour is far from complete ; in particular the essentially nonlinear interplay of rotor dynamics and fluid dynamics of the lubricant has been studied only very recently. Our own investigations have been mainly numerical, and have revealed a wide range of qualitative behaviour. They have confirmed the great importance of cavitation of the lubricant, and the sensitivity to geometrical features of the bearing. Additionally they have enabled us to identify the crucial non-dimensional parameters and their critical values. Finally they have stimulated analytical approaches (e.g. searches for Hopf bifurcations). In this paper we exploit the conceptual approach of dynamical systems theory to present many of our results in a succinct form. Our aim is to make clear not only the extent of understanding of the problem, but also the present shortcomings of theory that require further study.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Urban Spatial Structure in Brasília: Focusing on the Role of Urban Development Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Cayo Costa ◽  
Sugie Lee
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Governance Processes ◽  
Over Time

Many cities evolve over time, but some are designed from scratch. Brasília is presented as a unique case on urban planning for having been built from figuratively nothing, based on a design concept that was the brainchild of Brazilian urbanist Lucio Costa. The present study aimed to analyze the interrelation between urban planning and spatial structure change over time to understand the role of urban development policies on the spatial organization of Brasília. The study was conducted based on three interrelated aspects: (1) The intentions of the plans, (2) territorial governance, and (3) external conditions. The results showed that the circumstances of territory occupation—characterized by a polycentric development system with dispersed satellite cities economically dependent on Brasília—have been gradually replaced by strategic development policies, mainly influenced by social and political driving forces. Accordingly, this research suggests a reconsideration of the scale of development instrumentations based on a better understanding of the metropolitan area of Brasília as a unique structure by strengthening its interrelations and seeking better coordination of interests and adaptability of governance processes.

Intellectual Capital of the Country: Trends and Development Factors in the Conditions of Digitalization of the Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhabbat Mahmudova
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Active State ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Participation ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Capital Development

The article presents a study of the current state and development of key elements of intellectual capital in the Russian economy. Assessment of intellectual capital based on analysis of system indicators, including usage of information and communication technologies in organizations, structure of ICT specialists. According to the results of the analysis, the author concludes that the existing level of intellectual capital development in the country does not fully realize its potential. The author proposes a mechanism to improve the efficiency of the development and use of intellectual capital, including regulatory tools and involving active state participation.

scholarly journals Why are tropical rain forests so species rich? Classifying, reviewing and evaluating theories

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Hill ◽  
R. A. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Species Diversity ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Academic Debate

Two classifications are presented that organize the major processes and theories addressing the high species diversity of tropical rain forests. The first typology organizes environmental and biological processes within a spatio-temporal hierarchy, whilst the second classifies 12 theories according to over-arching driving forces: genetic differentiation, environmental change, niche/habitat diversification and biotic interaction. The theories are reviewed and evaluated by delineating the development and current state of academic knowledge pertaining to each. General issues that arise from examining species diversity within the tropical realm are discussed and this indicates where the academic debate stands today. Some thoughts concerning future research avenues are included.

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